Kuki Brass ari yo mashini ikoreshwa mu nganda mu gukamura amazi y'umuriro?

Impamvu guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu mazuru y'amazi y'umuriro ari ingenzi

Amahitamo y'ibikoresho byoibikoresho byo kuzimya inkongini icyemezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga gitegeka kwitegura gukora, igihe cyo kubungabunga, no kugira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibibazo byihutirwa. Umunwa w'amazi y'umuriro ukora nk'aho amazi anyura mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuyacunga, ugashyira ibikoresho byawo mu nganda zikomeye, ukabishyira mu kaga gakomeye ku bidukikije, ndetse ugakoreshwa nabi cyane.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryashyizeho ubundi buryo butandukanye bwo gukora ibintu by’ubukorikori n’ubworoheje, guhitamo ibikoresho biracyari ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’igihe amazi azajya akoreshwa. Abahanga mu by’amasoko bagomba gusuzuma ibikoresho atari ukureba gusa ikiguzi cyo kubigura, ahubwo no ku buryo ibyuma bigumana imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imikorere y’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy’igitutu, ndetse no kudahungabanywa n’ibyangiritse mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi.

Ingaruka z'ubucuruzi zo guhitamo ibikoresho by'imizingo

Isesengura ry’ikiguzi cyose cy’umutungo (TCO) rigaragaza ko igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura kigizwe na 15% kugeza kuri 20% gusa by’ikiguzi cy’umuyoboro w’amazi y’umuriro. Umuyoboro usanzwe w’umuringa ukoreshwa mu nganda ubusanzwe ukoreshwa mu shingiro hagati ya $80 na $150, hafi 30% kugeza kuri 40% ugereranyije n’ubwoko bwa aluminiyumu bukoreshwa mu buryo bungana. Ariko, ingaruka z’ubucuruzi zigaragara mu gihe cyo gusimbuza no kubungabunga.

Ibikoresho by'umuringa bikunze kurenza imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20 mu bikorwa bidasubirwaho mu nganda zikomeye. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi bishobora gukenera gusimburwa buri myaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 bitewe n'ubudodo bwangiritse, ingese ya galvanic, cyangwa ingaruka zabyo. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba kubara amafaranga y'igihe cyo kudakora n'ubwishingizi; guhomba gukabije kw'umuyoboro w'amazi wangiritse mu gihe cy'inkongi y'umuriro bishobora gutera igihombo cya miliyoni z'amadolari mu bucuruzi budafite ubwishingizi ndetse n'ibihano bikomeye by'amategeko.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi by'amazi y'umuriro

Kugira ngo basobanure neza ibikoresho, abahanga bagomba gusobanukirwa ibisobanuro by'ibanze bya hydraulic bigenga imikorere y'imizingo. Imiterere y'umuvuduko w'imikorere isanzwe iri hagati ya 75 PSI na 100 PSI ku miyoboro isanzwe, ariko ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu bwoko bwa master stream hamwe n'ibikoresho by'inganda bishobora kurenza 250 PSI buri gihe. Ibikoresho bigomba kugira imbaraga zihagije zo gukomera kugira ngo bihangane n'umuvuduko ukabije udatera imirasire.

Igipimo cy'amazi gipimwa muri galoni ku munota (GPM), aho imiyoboro isanzwe y'umuringa itanga amazi agenzurwa hagati ya 60 na 125 GPM. Uburyo bwo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, nko kwangirika kwa galvanic na cavitation, ni ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ku matsinda atanga amasoko. Cavitation ibaho iyo umuvuduko w'amazi ugabanutse munsi y'umuvuduko w'umwuka, bigatera guturika guto gushobora kwangiza ibikoresho by'amazi bidakomeye ku kigero cya 0.1mm kugeza 0.5mm buri mwaka, bigahindura imiterere y'amazi yagenewe gutembera.

Impamvu Umuringa ari ikintu gisanzwe gikoreshwa mu gukamura amazi mu muriro

Umuringa wakomeje kuba igipimo ntakuka cy’inganda zikoresha amazi y’umuriro bitewe n’uburyo bwiza bwo kuringaniza imiterere y’imashini, ubushobozi bwo kubaho kw’ubushyuhe, n’ubukungu bw’inganda. Ibikoresho ahanini ni umuringa na zinc, byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo bihangane n’ubukana bw’amazi yihuta cyane ndetse n’ihungabana rikomeye ry’ubushyuhe.

Uburinzi bw'inkongi z'umuriro mu ngandasisitemu zishingikiriza cyane ku byuma bisanzwe by'umuringa nka C36000 (Umuringa Ucukura Udakoreshejwe) na C46400 (Umuringa wo mu mazi). Ibi binyabutabire byihariye bitanga uruvange rwihariye rw'ubucucike, kwisiga amavuta, n'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere y'ibintu polimeri zikoze mu buryo bworoheje zidashobora kwigana mu bikorwa by'umutekano w'ubuzima.

Kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya dezincification

Umuringa w'umuhondo usanzwe urimo umuringa ungana na 61.5% na zinc ungana na 35.5%. Mu bidukikije bifite shimi y'amazi akomeye, gukuraho zinc—inzira aho zinc iva mu gice cy'umuringa, igasiga umuringa udakomeye kandi ufite imyenge—bitera ibyago bikomeye byo kwangirika. Uku kwangirika kwihuta mu miyoboro y'amazi adahagaze aho chloride irenga 250 mg/L.

Kugira ngo hirindwe ubu burwayi, imiyoboro y'amazi akoreshwa mu muriro ikoresha imiyoboro y'umuringa irwanya Dezincification Resistant (DZR). Iyi miyoboro yihariye irimo ingano nyayo ya arsenic (0.02% kugeza 0.10%) cyangwa antimoni kugira ngo ihamye matrix ya zinc. Uku guhindura ibyuma bituma umuyoboro ugumana imiterere yawo myiza n'ubushobozi bwo kugumana igitutu nubwo waba uri mu mazi mabi yo mu mujyi cyangwa mu bigega by'inganda bitavuwe mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Imbaraga z'umuvuduko, ubudahangarwa bw'ingaruka, no kwihanganira ubushyuhe

Ubuhangange bw'umuringa mu byuma ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo bwo gufunga umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibyuma bisanzwe by'umuringa bikoreshwa mu kubaka imiyoboro bifite imbaraga zo gukurura hagati ya 310 MPa na 450 MPa, bitanga umutekano udasanzwe mu guhangana n'ihungabana ritunguranye ry'amazi n'ingaruka z'amazi zikunze kurenga 300 PSI. Izi mbaraga zo gukurura zirinda kwaguka cyangwa guturika k'umuyoboro mu gihe cyo gukandagira mu ntangiriro.

Ubudahangarwa bw'ingaruka n'ubushyuhe ni ibipimo by'ingenzi cyane. Amabwiriza ya NFPA akunze gusaba ko imiyoboro ikomeza kugwa kuri sima kuva kuri metero 1.8. Nubwo ibice bya aluminiyumu bishobora gucika no kwangirika—bigahita bibangamira imiyoboro y'imbere cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro—umuringa winjiza ingufu za kinetiki ku buryo buciriritse bwo gushonga. Byongeye kandi, umuringa ufite aho ushongesha hagati ya 900°C na 940°C, bigatuma umuyoboro udashonga cyangwa ngo uhinduke mu buryo bukabije mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, bitandukanye na aluminiyumu ishonga ku bushyuhe bwa 660°C gusa.

Ubuhanga bwo gukora, ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza mu buryo bungana, no gusana neza

Mu rwego rw'inganda, umuringa wa C36000 ukata ukoresheje umuringa ufite igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwo gukora ku rwego mpuzamahanga cya 100%. Ibi bituma ibigo by'imashini bya CNC bigera ku buremere buhanitse cyane, akenshi muri santimetero ± 0.001. Ubuhanga nk'ubwo ni ingenzi cyane ku miterere y'imashini ikora ku buryo buhanitse bwa National Standard Thread (NST) n'inzira z'imbere mu miyoboro, bityo bikagabanya ubwiyongere bw'amazi no kugera ku mugezi neza.

Ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza kw'umuringa butuma umuntu asanwa neza kandi akizera neza. Imiterere yayo yo kwisiga irinda gushonga kw'imigozi—ikibazo gikunze kugaragara aho gushwanyagurika bitera gushwanyagurika hagati y'ubuso buhuza ibyuma bitagira umugozi, bikunze kugaragara iyo hahujwe ibice by'icyuma kitagira umugozi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro y'umuringa itanga ubushobozi bwo gusana ubuzima bwose; imigozi yangiritse ikunze gukurikiranwa no kuvugururwa hakoreshejwe robine zisanzwe, bigatuma igihe cyo kuyikoresha kirushaho kuba cyiza kandi kikagabanya cyane amafaranga yose akoreshwa mu kuyisana.

Ifu y'umuringa vs. Ibikoresho by'amazi yo mu muriro.

Nubwo umuringa ukomeje kuba igipimo cy’ingenzi mu gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kurinda inkongi rikunze gusuzuma ibikoresho bishya kugira ngo rirusheho kunoza imikorere yihariye. Gusobanukirwa imbaraga n’intege nke by’ibi bikoresho ni ingenzi mu kugaragaza ibikoresho bikwiye mu bikorwa byihariye.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ibikoresho byo guhitamo utuziba

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza ibipimo by'imikorere y'umuringa ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro y'amazi y'umuriro.

Aho umuringa urusha ibindi bikoresho

Umuringa uhora urusha ibikoresho byabugenewe mu nganda zikomeye, mu mashami azimya umuriro yo mu mujyi, no mu miyoboro y’ubucuruzi aho ibikoresho bifatwa nabi kandi bikabikwa igihe kirekire. Imiterere yawo yo kwisiga igabanya cyane ibyago byo gucikamo udupira, inyungu ikomeye mu mikorere iyo abazimya umuriro bagomba guhuza imiyoboro y’amazi n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi vuba mu gihe bafite stress ikomeye yo mu mutwe no ku mubiri.

Ubucucike bw'umuringa (hagati ya 8.4 na 8.7 g / cm³) butanga inyungu ikunze kwirengagizwa mu gukoresha ibintu bihoraho cyangwa bikomeye. Ubu bunini bugabanya urusaku rw'amazi n'urusaku rwo gufunga, bugaha abayikoresha imbaraga zihamye kandi zishoboka zo gukora amazi mu gihe basohora amazi ku muvuduko urenze metero 100 ku isegonda. Ubu bucucike buragoye kugerwaho ukoresheje polymers zoroshye cyane cyangwa aluminiyumu ifite inkuta nto.

Igihe cyo guhitamo aluminiyumu, icyuma kitagira umugese, umuringa, cyangwa ibivanze

Nubwo umuringa wiganjemo ubwiza, imbogamizi zihariye mu mikorere zitegeka ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byabugenewe. Aluminiyumu ikomeye ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu kuzimya inkongi mu gasozi no mu mashyamba, aho abakozi bagomba gutwara ibikoresho mu butaka buhanamye mu ntera ndende; umunwa wa aluminiyumu upima hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'umuringa uhwanye na wo, bigabanya cyane umunaniro.

Icyuma kidashonga (ubusanzwe 316L) kiba ngombwa mu bidukikije bya peteroli byangiza cyane cyangwa ahantu ho ku nkombe z'inyanja aho guhura n'aside ikomeye cyangwa umunyu ukomeza gusukurwa birengeje ubushobozi bwo kurinda bwa DZR brass isanzwe. Bronze (ibumba ry'umuringa n'ibati) ritegetswe gukoreshwa mu mazi cyane bitewe n'uko rifite zinc hafi ya zeru, bigakuraho burundu ibyago byo gusenya zinc. Amaherezo, plastiki ivanze (polycarbonate cyangwa nylon yuzuye ikirahure) igengwa no gukoreshwa mu buhinzi buciriritse cyangwa mu buhinzi bworoheje aho ingufu z'ibikorwa ziguma munsi ya 75 PSI kandi ingengo y'imari ikakaye igena ikiguzi cya buri kimwe kiri munsi ya $20.

Ibisobanuro by'imizingo y'amazi y'umuriro n'igenzura ry'uko iyubahirizwa

Gushaka umunwa w'amazi y'umuriro bisaba gukurikiza cyane amahame mpuzamahanga y'umutekano n'amabwiriza akomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Abaguzi ntibashobora kwishingikiriza gusa ku ishusho y'igice cy'umuringa; bagomba kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho ndetse n'ibipimo by'icyuma.

Kudashyira mu bikorwa ibi bisabwa mu gihe cyo gutanga amasoko bishobora gutuma hagurwa ibikoresho bitujuje ubuziranenge bikangirika bitewe n’igitutu, bigashyira mu kaga umutekano w’ubuzima ndetse bigakuraho ubwishingizi bw’ibigo.

Amahame ngenderwaho, ibipimo by'umuvuduko, imigozi, n'imiterere y'imigendekere y'amazi

Ishyirahamwe ry’Igihugu rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi z’Umuriro (NFPA) ryo mu 1964 rigena ibipimo ngenderwaho mu mikorere, harimo no gupima amazi mu buryo busanzwe. Imiyoboro ijyanye n’ibyo igomba kwihanganira igitutu kidapfa amazi kigera kuri 900 PSI idacitse cyangwa ngo ihinduke burundu, kandi igakora neza ku gitutu cyayo, ubusanzwe 100 PSI.

Ibisobanuro by'imitako bigomba kubahiriza neza amahame ya NFPA 1963 cyangwa amahame angana nayo yo mu gace, bigamije gutuma habaho imikoranire myiza hagati y’imiyoboro y’amazi isanzwe n’imiyoboro y’amazi (urugero: NH, NST, cyangwa NPSH). Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’amazi—kuva ku mugezi ugororotse kugeza ku gihu kinini kirinda dogere 120—igomba gupimwa neza kugira ngo itange GPM yagenwe mu rugero rwa ± 5% rw’ubworoherane mu rugero rwose rw’umuvuduko.

Ingano y'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa n'ubwiza bw'inganda

Ubuziranenge bw'icyuma cy'umuringa ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kigena ubuziranenge n'uburambe bw'inganda. Ibisobanuro by'amasoko bigomba kugaragaza neza urwego rwemewe rw'umuringa, nka C46400 (Naval Brass) kugira ngo habeho ubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa C37700 ku bikoresho bikomeye byakozwe. Gusimbuza umuringa w'igiciro gihanitse kandi ufite icyuma kinini bigabanya cyane imbaraga z'icyuma cyarangiye.

Amabwiriza agenga ubuziranenge mu ruganda agomba gusaba ko hakorwa isuzuma rya spectrometer isohora umwuka kugira ngo harebwe imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, hakagenzurwa ko urugero rwa zinc ruguma ku kigero cya 35% kugeza kuri 39% kugira ngo hirindwe ko rwangirika. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba kugaragaza igipimo ntarengwa cy’ububobere ku misemburo y’umuringa ikozwe mu cyuma, akenshi bagasaba igipimo cy’ubusembwa bw’amazi kiri munsi ya 1% kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava mu buryo bwa microscopic cyangwa akavunika bitewe n’imbaraga nyinshi z’amazi.

Impamyabushobozi y'umutanga serivisi n'igenzura ry'ingaruka z'amasoko

Kugenzura neza ingaruka zo gutanga amasoko bisaba ko umutanga serivisi aba afite ibyangombwa bihamye mbere yo gutanga amabwiriza yo kugura. Abakora bagomba kwemeza ko ibyo batanga ari ukuri.ISO 9001:2015ibyemezo by'imicungire y'ubuziranenge no kuba ushobora gutanga raporo z'ibizamini by'ibikoresho bya EN 10204 Type 3.1 (MTRs) kuri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro, bikerekana ko byose bishobora gukurikizwa kuva ku icupa rito kugeza ku munwa urangiye.

Mu gushyiraho imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa ku miyoboro y’umuringa ikozwe ku giti cyayo cyangwa ikozwe na OEM, amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kwitega ko umubare muto w’ibicuruzwa (MOQs) uri hagati ya 500 na 1.000 ku bikoresho byihariye, aho igihe cyo gukora gishobora kuba ibyumweru 8 kugeza kuri 12. Gukora igenzura ryigenga mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa (bikoresheje amashami nka SGS cyangwa Bureau Veritas) bigabanya ibyago byo kwakira ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa bishobora kwangirika cyane mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze.

Uko abaguzi bagomba guhitamo akantu ko gufunga amazi gakoresha umuringa

Guhitamo icyiza kurusha ibindiumunwa w'amazi y'umuriro w'umuringabisaba uburyo buhamye buhuza amafaranga y’ibanze akoreshwa n’ubwizigirwa mu mikorere mu gihe kirekire. Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kunyura mu mikorere igoye y’ubwubatsi kugira ngo arebe ko umutekano uhagije, amategeko akurikizwa, n’inyungu ku ishoramari.

Mu kuva ku kugura ibintu bishingiye ku bicuruzwa no gushyiraho ingamba zo kugura ibintu zigamije ubuzima bwose, ibigo bishobora kugabanya cyane imitwaro yabyo yo kubungabunga igihe kirekire mu gihe bikongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwitegura umuriro muri rusange.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibyemezo ku giciro, igiciro cy'ubuzima, n'imikorere

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira y'ibyemezo itanga urufatiro rwo guhuza guhitamo aloyi y'umuringa n'ahantu runaka ho gukoreshwa, imikorere y'igihe cy'ubuzima iteganijwe, n'ibipimo bya OPEX.

Intambwe zifatika zo gutoranya amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gukora inzira isobanutse kandi y’intambwe enye kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere myiza y’imiyoboro y’amazi. Ubwa mbere, gukora igenzura ryimbitse ry’amazi y’ikigo, gupima ingano ya pH n’ingano ya chloride kugira ngo hamenyekane niba umuringa usanzwe wa C36000 uhagije cyangwa niba umuringa wihariye wa DZR ukenewe (birasabwa cyane kugira ngo umuntu akomeze guhura n’ingano ya chloride iri hejuru ya 200 mg/L).

Icya kabiri, genzura niba umurongo uhuye n’ibikorwa remezo by’akarere kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Icya gatatu, reba umuvuduko ukenewe w’amazi n’imigendekere y’umuvuduko—urugero, garagaza umunwa uhoraho w’amazi upima neza neza kuri 95 GPM kuri 100 PSI. Hanyuma, saba amakuru y’ibizamini by’ubushakashatsi ku ruganda, harimo n’ibyemezo by’ibizamini byo gutonyanga bya metero 1.8 na raporo z’imikorere ya valve ya cycle 1.000, kugira ngo wemeze uburambe bwa mashini za valve z’imbere n’uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi.

Iyo umuringa ari wo mahitamo meza y'ibikoresho

Umuringa uracyari ibikoresho bitavugwaho rumwe bikoreshwa mu nganda ziremereye, imiyoboro y’inyubako z’ubucuruzi (uburyo bwa I na III), ndetse no gukwirakwiza umuriro mu nzego z’ibanze. Muri ibi bihe, ibikoresho byo kuzimya bishobora kumara imyaka myinshi bidakora ariko byitezwe ko bikora neza ku bushobozi bwo hejuru mu kanya gato.

Uruvange rudasanzwe rw'imbaraga zo gukurura cyane (kugeza kuri 450 MPa), ubushobozi bwo kudashyuha cyane (bushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kugeza kuri 900°C), hamwe n'ubudahangarwa busesuye bwo kudakoresha insinga z'amazi bituma amazi y'umuriro w'umuringa atanga ubuzima bwizewe akenshi burenga imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20. Ku bigo bishyira imbere umutekano w'ubuzima, kubahiriza amategeko akomeye, no kudakoresha amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga, umuringa w'igiciro cyo hejuru utanga igisubizo cy'ubuhanga kidasanzwe kandi cyapimwe igihe kirekire.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Inzogera z'amazi akoreshwa mu muringa akenshi zitanga serivisi y'imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20 mu nganda zikomeye, zigabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza ugereranije n'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi bishobora kumara imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 gusa.
• Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusuzuma ikiguzi cyose cy’umutungo kuko igiciro cya mbere cy’umuyoboro gishobora kuba kiri hagati ya 15% na 20% by’ikiguzi cy’ubuzima bwose.
• Utuzu dusanzwe two mu ntoki dukoresha umugozi dusanzwe dukora kuri 75 kugeza 100 PSI, mu gihe ibikoresho byo mu nganda bishobora kurenza 250 PSI, bigatuma imbaraga z'ibikoresho n'ubuziranenge bw'imigozi biba ingenzi cyane.
• Ibyuma by'umuringa nka C36000 na C46400 bitanga uburyo bwo kwirinda ingese, ubushobozi bwo gukora, ubwinshi, n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho mu kurinda umutekano w'ubuzima.
• Gucamo no kwangirika bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho byo mu mazuru bifite ubukana bwa milimetero 0.1 kugeza kuri milimetero 0.5 ku mwaka, bishobora kwangiza uburyo amazi atembera neza n’imitako ikoreshwa mu gusukura.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki imiyoboro y'amazi akoreshwa mu muringa ari yo ikundwa kurusha aluminium?

Umuringa utanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese cyane, uramba neza mu nsinga, kandi umara igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bikomeye. Nubwo ushobora gutwara 30% kugeza kuri 40% mbere y’uko ukoresha aluminiyumu, akenshi umara imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20 mu gihe ku zindi nganda zo hasi umara imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5.

Ni ubuhe bushyuhe bw'imikorere bw'umunwa w'amazi y'umuriro bugomba kwihanganira?

Utuzu dusanzwe tw’intoki dukunze gukora hagati ya 75 na 100 PSI, mu gihe utuzu duto two mu nganda dushobora kurenza 250 PSI. Ibikoresho by’utuzu bigomba kwirinda kwangirika, kwangirika kw’imigozi, no guturika bitewe n’iyi mitwaro y’amazi.

Ni gute umuringa ugabanya ikiguzi cy'ubuzima ku bagura ibikoresho byo kurinda inkongi mu nganda?

Igiciro cy’ibanze cyo kugura gishobora kuba kiri hagati ya 15% na 20% by’amafaranga akoreshwa mu buzima bwose. Utuzu twa umuringa tugabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza, akazi ko kubungabunga, ibyago byo kubura akazi, n’ibibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko, bigatuma bihendutse mu ikoreshwa ry’inganda n’amazi mu gihe kirekire.

Ni izihe aloyi z'umuringa zikunze gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi y'umuriro?

Amahitamo asanzwe arimo umuringa ukata ukoresheje C36000 n'umuringa wo mu mazi wa C46400. Izi alloys zihuza ubushobozi bwo gukora, kurwanya ingese, ubucucike, no kudahungabana mu byuma, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo kuzimya inkongi.

Ese ingese ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'iminwa ikoreshwa mu gusukura?

Yego. Guturika, gucukura, no kwangirika kw'imigozi bishobora guhindura imiterere y'imbere y'umunwa, bigagabanya uburyo amazi atemba neza kandi bigatera imiterere ihindagurika. Mu bihe bikomeye, gucukura gukomeye bishobora gukuraho milimetero 0.1 kugeza kuri milimetero 0.5 buri mwaka.