Kuki telefoni idakoresha ikoranabuhanga rituma abantu bangiza ibintu ari nziza muri za gereza n'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi?

• Gereza zikeneye imiterere ya telefoni za gereza ishyira imbere kurwanya kwangirika kw'amayeri, kugenzura no kumara igihe kirekire mu kazi.
• Ahantu hakunze kunyura abantu benshi hakenewe terefone rusange zikoreshwa cyane zishobora kurokoka ingaruka zidasanzwe, ikoreshwa nabi, no guhora zigenda ku magare.
• Amahitamo meza ashingiye ku buryo bwo gushyiraho, urwego rw'ibikoresho, uburyo amajwi asobanutse neza, n'uburyo bwo kubibungabunga, si igiciro gusa.
• Amabwiriza n'uburyo bwo gupima bifasha abaguzi kugereranya ibyifuzo byo kuramba aho kwishingikiriza ku rurimi rwo kwamamaza.

Telefoni idapfa kwangirika si telefoni ikomeye gusa, ahubwo ni igikoresho cy’itumanaho cyakozwe kugira ngo gikoreshwe nabi, gikoreshwe neza kandi kidakoreshwa neza, ari nayo mpamvu gikora neza kurusha ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu magereza no mu duce dukoreshwa n’abantu benshi. Kugira ngo abaguzi barebe ko ibintu biramba, bakunze kureba ibipimo ngenderwaho n’ibipimo by’umutekano nko mu gihe cyo gukoresha telefoni.ISO 20653ku byerekeye uburyo bwo kurinda kwinjira,ASTM D2794gupima ubudahangarwa bw'ingaruka, n'amabwiriza y'umutekano rusange aturuka kuriNISTMu by’ukuri, telefoni ikwiye yo muri gereza cyangwa telefoni rusange igomba kuba yoroshye kuyigenzura, igoye kuyikuraho, kandi yoroshye kuyisana nyuma y’ikosa, cyane cyane aho aho umuntu yahamagaye rimwe ryananiwe bishobora gutuma imirimo idindira.

Impamvu telefoni idakoreshwa mu kwangiza ibidukikije ari ingenzi muri za gereza n'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi

Terefone idapfa kwangirika ni ingenzi kuko uburyo bwo kwangirika muri ibi bihe atari ukwangirika rimwe na rimwe; ni ukwangiza nkana, guhangayika kenshi, no kuyikoresha buri gihe.

Muri za gereza, telefoni ya gereza ni kimwe mu bigize akazi gacungwa, ntabwo ari uburyo bwo korohereza abantu. Abakozi bakeneye uburyo bwo guhamagara bushoboka, amajwi asobanutse neza, n'igikoresho kitaba ikibazo cy'umutekano. Muri za sitasiyo, amashuri, parikingi z'imodoka, mu nkiko, mu birori byo kwakira abantu no mu duce twakira inganda, telefoni rusange ikomeye ifite inshingano zitandukanye ariko isaba imbaraga zingana: igomba gukomeza gukoreshwa kenshi n'abantu badafite amahugurwa kandi badashishikajwe no kuyikoresha neza.

Iryo tandukaniro rihindura ibyo ikoranabuhanga rishyira imbere. Terefone zikoreshwa n'abaguzi zinoza ikiguzi n'ubwiza. Terefone zirwanya kwangirika zinoza igihe cyo gukora, kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, no kwihuta mu kubungabunga. Ibikoresho, imitako, sisitemu y'insinga, imiterere y'aho zishyirwa, n'uburyo bwo kuzishyiraho byose bigira ingaruka ku kuba telefoni ikomeza gukora nyuma yo gukoreshwa nabi cyangwa ikaba ikintu gisubirwamo.

Ku baguzi bagereranya amahitamo, ikibazo ni gito cyane: "Ese ishobora guhamagara?" n'ikindi kandi: "Ese ishobora gukomeza guhamagara nyuma yo gukubitwa, gukurura, gushakisha, gusesagura no gukoresha nabi kenshi?"

Igishushanyo mbonera cya telefoni za gereza: ibyo ibigo ngororamuco bikenewe koko

Terefone ya gereza igomba gushyigikira ubugenzuzi, uburyo bwo kuyigeraho bugenzurwa, no kuyisana vuba nyuma yo kwangirika.

Ahantu ho gufungira abantu hasaba ibikoresho by'itumanaho ku buryo budasanzwe. Guhamagara bishobora gukurikiranwa, abantu bashobora kubigeraho bagateganya igihe cyo kubigeraho, kandi aho bashyira ibikoresho akenshi haba mu nzira zicungwa neza. Kubwibyo, telefoni ya gereza ikenera imbaraga zirenze izo. Ikeneye kandi gushyirwaho mu buryo buzwi, kugenzura byoroshye, n'uburyo bwo kugabanya icyuho cyihishe aho ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho bishobora guhishwa.

Mu nyubako nyinshi, inyubako ikunzwe cyane ni icyuma gishyirwa ku rukuta cyangwa gishyirwa ku mazi gifite ibifunga bidapfa gupfunyika, icyuma gikonjeshwa, n'umugozi w'icyuma gikozwe kugira ngo kidacika cyangwa gikururwa. Hari imishinga igana ku miterere idafite terefone cyangwa ishingiye ku ndangururamajwi kugira ngo igabanye ibice bishobora gukurwaho. Indi igumana terefone kuko irushaho kuba nziza kandi ikagira ihumure, ariko igakomeza buri gice cyose cyagaragaye.

Amahitamo meza ashingiye ku rwego rw'umutekano w'ikigo, uburyo bwo kugenzura, n'ingamba zo kubungabunga. Urwego rufite umutekano mwinshi rushobora gushyira imbere imiterere y'ibice bike bishobora gukurwaho, mu gihe agace k'abashyitsi cyangwa inzira y'ubuyobozi bishobora kwemera imiterere isanzwe niba ingaruka zo gukoresha nabi ari nke.

Kubaka telefoni rusange zikoreshwa cyane kugira ngo zikoreshwe buri gihe

Terefone rusange ikoreshwa cyane ikorerwa guhamagara inshuro nyinshi, ntabwo ari uguhamagara rimwe na rimwe.

Ahantu hanyura abantu benshi hatuma habaho imihangayiko itandukanye n’aho gereza ziba, ariko uburyo bwo gukora ibintu ni bumwe: gukoresha abantu benshi cyane, kwitonda ku bakoresha, no kwihanganira igihe gito cyo kuruhuka. Terefone rusange mu cyumba cy’ubwikorezi cyangwa mu cyumba rusange ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro amagana ku munsi, bivuze ko kwangirika kw’inyuma y’imodoka, umunaniro wo mu byuma bihuza imodoka, no kwangirika kw’inzu biba ibibazo by’ingenzi vuba cyane.

Kimwe mu bipimo by'ingirakamaro mu gutanga amasoko ni imikorere y'ingaruka. Nubwo ibisabwa neza bitandukanye bitewe n'umushinga n'urwego rw'impamyabushobozi, ibizamini by'ingaruka nkaASTM D2794itanga uburyo bwo gusuzuma uburyo ibitambaro n'ubuso byakira iyo habaye gukubitwa bitunguranye. Ku bizitiro, abaguzi bakunze kwita ku buryo bwo kwinjira no kurinda ibintu muriIEC 60529, ikoreshwa cyane mu gusobanura urwego rwo kurinda ibintu bikomeye n'ibikomoka ku mazi. Ibyo ni ingenzi mu bidukikije rusange kuko kwangiza ibintu akenshi bihuzwa n'umukungugu, imiti isukura, no guhura n'ibintu bikomoka ku mazi ku buryo butunguranye.

Guhitamo ibikoresho nabyo ni ingenzi. Icyuma kidashonga, cyane cyane 304 na 316, gikoreshwa kenshi aho hakenewe kurwanya ingese no gukomera kwa mekanike. Icyuma kidashonga 304 kirimo kromiyumu ingana na 18% na nikeli, mu gihe 316 yongeramo molybdenum kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya chloride; imiterere nyayo ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bisanzwe kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu miterere y'inganda. Mu nkombe z'inyanja cyangwa mu buryo bukoresha imiti, iryo tandukaniro rishobora gusobanura ko ingese zitagenda neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Uburyo telefoni zirinda kwangirika zigabanya ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga

Inyungu ikomeye mu by'imari ya telefoni idashobora kwangirika ni uko igura amafaranga make mu gihe cyose ikora, aho kuyigura ku giciro gito.

Ku matsinda y’ibikoresho, ikiguzi cy’aho itumanaho ritameze neza kirimo ibirenze ibyo gusimbuza ibice. Harimo kandi igihe abatekinisiye bamara, guhuza aho bakorera, guhagarika serivisi, n’umutwaro uhishe w’amabwiriza y’akazi asubirwamo. Muri gereza cyangwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, ndetse no guhagarara igihe gito bishobora gutera guhagarara ku murongo, amakimbirane mu buyobozi, cyangwa kwinubira.

Kuramba binoza ubukungu mu buryo butatu. Ubwa mbere, bigabanya inshuro zo gucika intege. Ubwa kabiri, bigabanya igihe cyo gusana kuko ibice byabyo ari modular kandi kubigeraho biroroshye. Icya gatatu, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'inyongera, nko gucika kw'insinga, uduce twacitse, cyangwa ubuso bw'inkuta bwangiritse. Mu bubiko bw'ahantu henshi, ubwo bwizigame burushaho kwiyongera vuba.

Abaguzi b'inganda bakunze kugereranya igikoresho ku gihe cy'imyaka itanu cyangwa irindwi aho kugereranya igiciro cyacyo gusa. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo igikoresho cyahuye n'ingaruka, ubushuhe, cyangwa cyakoreshejwe nabi nkana. Igikoresho gihendutse cyangiritse kenshi gishobora kuba amahitamo ahenze cyane.

1. Kubara serivisi zo guhamagara buri mwaka, ntabwo ari igiciro cyo kugura gusa.
2. Genzura niba ibice bisimbura ari ibisanzwe cyangwa ari ibya nyirabyo.
3. Emeza niba kwinjira imbere bigabanya igihe cyo gukora.
4. Genzura ko agace gashobora gukora isuku no kwica udukoko.

Amajwi akoreshwa mu ruhame no mu ngoro z'abagororwa

Amajwi asobanutse neza ni ngombwa kuko telefoni idashobora kwangirika ariko ntishobora kumvikana ikomeza gukora nabi.

Ahantu hakunze kuba urusaku rwinshi. Gereza zishobora kandi kugira urusaku rwinshi inyuma ruturutse ku ngendo, inzugi, n'ibikorwa byegeranye. Muri ibyo bihe, telefoni idakoresha ikoranabuhanga rituma ijwi ritamenyekana neza ikwiye gushyira imbere uburyo bwo kumva neza binyuze mu gushushanya amajwi, atari ugusohora ijwi cyane gusa. Uburyo bwo kumva mikoro, kugenzura ijwi, gushyira indangururamajwi mu mwanya wayo, no kumva ijwi mu mwanya wayo byose bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umukoresha.

Aha niho ibyemezo by’ubuhanga biba ingirakamaro. Ikirahure gikomeye gishobora kurinda ingaruka, ariko niba umuyoboro wa mikoro udakozwe neza, imvugo ishobora kumvikana nk'aho ntacyo ivuze cyangwa ikase. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, indangururamajwi nto cyane cyangwa ifunze cyane ishobora kudatwara neza mu nzira irimo urusaku. Imiterere myiza ihuza uburinzi n'uburyo amajwi afunguka.

Ku matsinda y’ikigo, ubuziranenge bw’amajwi ni ikintu gisabwa gupimwa. Gushyiraho umupilote bigomba kugerageza imiterere y’ikoreshwa nyaryo: intera ihagaze, urusaku rw’inyuma, n’ubushobozi bw’amatsinda atandukanye y’abakoresha bwo kumva ibyo umuntu ashaka cyangwa gusubiza mu bihe bigoye. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane ku bijyanye no gushyira terefone muri gereza aho ubusobanuro bugira ingaruka ku kunyurwa kw’abakoresha ndetse no ku mikorere myiza.

Amahame n'uburyo bwo gupima bifasha abaguzi kugereranya ibirego

Amahame agenga imikorere yorohereza kugenzura uburyo bwo kurwanya abangiza ibintu kuko ahindura ibirego bidasobanutse neza mo ibisabwa bishobora gupimwa.

Iyo amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko asuzuma telefoni rusange ikoreshwa cyane, agomba gusaba amahame akoreshwa mu kugenzura imiterere, atari ururimi rw'ubucuruzi gusa. Ku bijyanye no kurinda ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije,IEC 60529ni cyo gipimo kizwi cyane ku birebana n'amanota ya IP. Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka n'ikoreshwa nabi rya mekanike,ASTM D2794ni uburyo bw'ingirakamaro bwo gusuzuma ingaruka z'amabara n'ubuso. Ku bijyanye n'ibyo umuntu yiteze mu gushyiraho no mu mutekano mu buryo bugaragara ku baturage, imiryango ikunze gukurikiza amabwiriza yagutse y'umutekano w'abaturage n'ibikoresho bivuye muriNIST.

Izi nyandiko ntizikubwira byose, ariko zifasha gutandukanya imiterere nyayo n'ibirego bidafite ishingiro. Umuguzi agomba gusaba ibimenyetso by'igeragezwa ry'umushinga, harimo imbaraga zo gushyiraho, imiterere y'ibipfunyika, kurwanya ingese, no gukora neza.

Mu bisobanuro bimwe na bimwe byo kugura, amakuru y'ingirakamaro cyane ni ayoroshye: ubugari bw'ibikoresho byo mu gipfunyika, ubwoko bw'igipfunyika, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, uburyo bwo kurinda insinga, ndetse niba igishushanyo mbonera cyemerera gusimburwa vuba hatabayeho gukuraho agasanduku kose k'inyuma. Ayo makuru akenshi ntafite agaciro kuruta urutonde rurerure rw'ibintu byo kwamamaza.

• Saba igipimo nyacyo cy’ibizamini, ntabwo ari ikirego cy’uburinzi gusa.
• Saba ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ingaruka, gukurura, no kwangiza aho bihari.
• Reba niba igikoresho gishobora gusukurwa nta mashini yangiza.
• Kugenzura niba ibikoresho bisimburana bihari nibura mu gihe cyose giteganyijwe cyo kubikoresha.

Amahitamo asanzwe y’ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyira abantu muri gereza no mu gace ka rubanda

Ibisobanuro bikwiye biterwa n'urwego rw'ibyago, ariko amwe mu mahitamo agaragara kenshi mu mishinga yatsinze.

Muri gereza, abaguzi bakunda cyane ibikoresho by'icyuma biremereye, vis zirinda kwangirika, insinga zirinda kwangirika, n'igishushanyo mbonera kigabanya ibice bishobora gukurwaho. Mu mazu ahurira abantu benshi, intego ishobora guhinduka ku kurwanya ingese, kugaragara neza, koroshya gusukurwa, no gusimbuza vuba iyo icyuma cyangiritse ku buryo bufatika.

Hasi hari igereranya rifatika ry'ibyihutirwa bisanzwe mu guhitamo.

Mu kugereranya moderi, irinde kuvuga gusa irangi cyangwa ibara. Ibitandukanya nyabyo ni ubunini, uburyo bwo kuzigama, uburyo serivisi zikoreshwa, n'uburyo igikoresho gifatanye n'urukuta cyangwa ku gisenge. Telefoni irinda kwangirika kandi yoroshye kuyikuramo ntabwo irinda kwangirika.

Icyo abaguzi bagomba kubaza mbere yo kugaragaza telefoni yo muri gereza

Ibibazo byiza byo gutanga amasoko bigabanya gutungurwa mu mikorere nyuma.

Mbere yo guhitamo telefoni yo muri gereza cyangwa telefoni rusange ikoreshwa cyane, abaguzi bagomba kubaza urutonde rugufi rw'ibibazo by'ingirakamaro. Ibi bibazo bigaragaza imiterere idakomeye vuba kandi bigafasha guhuza igikoresho n'uburyo nyabwo bw'imikorere y'ikigo.

1. Ese iyi mashini ishobora kurokoka impanuka, gukurura no gukurura bidashyize ahagaragara imbere?
2. Ese ibifunga bihishe kandi bigenwa n'amategeko kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bwemewe gusa?
3. Ese uburyo bwo gushyiraho bushyigikira gufunga neza ku rukuta rwagenewe?
4. Ese igikoresho gishobora gusukurwa no gusuzumwa kidasenyuwe burundu?
5. Ese hari ibikoresho bisimbura ibyateganyijwe mu buzima busanzwe?

Ni byiza kandi gusaba ibishushanyo mbonera byo gushyiraho, amabwiriza ya serivisi, n'ibimenyetso byose biboneka byo gupima ihohoterwa. Niba umutanga serivisi adashobora gusobanura uburyo iyi telefoni ibungabungwa, bishobora kugorana kuyikomeza igihe imaze gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe.

Ku bijyanye no gushakisha ibisubizo, abaguzi bakunze kugereranyaporogaramu y'ibicuruzwa, hanyuma ugabanye uburyo bwo gushakisha kugeza ku buryo bukomeyetelefoni y'ingandaku bidukikije bigenzurwa, ikigo cyihariyetelefoni irinda kwangizaku mbuga zikunze kugaragaramo ihohoterwa rusange, cyangwa ku rubuga rwihariyetelefoni yihutirwaaho igisubizo cyihuse ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi.

Impamvu izi telefoni zikora neza muri za gereza no mu duce dukorerwamo urujya n'uruza rwinshi

Bikora neza kuko byakozwe hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y’aho ibintu bibera.

Terefone yo muri gereza ifite imbogamizi zo kugenzura, gukoresha nabi nkana, kandi ntishobora kwihanganira igihe cyo gukora. Terefone rusange ikoreshwa cyane ihura n'ikoreshwa rihoraho, ingaruka ku bw'impanuka, ndetse n'abayikoresha bahinduka. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, igikoresho kigomba kuba cyoroshye kwizera kandi kigoye kugitsinda.

Niyo mpamvu ibikoresho byiza cyane bihuza udukingirizo dukonjeshejwe, ibikoresho bidakoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kubyangiza, uburyo bwo kubona serivisi zifatika, n'imikorere y'ijwi isobanutse neza. Bigabanya amahirwe y'uko ahantu ho gutumanaho hashobora kuba ikibazo cyo kubungabunga cyangwa ikibazo cy'umutekano.

Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko, icyemezo ni ukureba uburyo imikorere ikomeza. Niba telefoni ishobora kuguma iboneka nyuma yo guhohoterwa kenshi kandi igakomeza gushyigikira imvugo yumvikana, iba yakoze akazi kayo. Niyo mpamvu terefone idakoreshwa n'abayikoresha ari nziza cyane muri za gereza no mu duce duhuriramo abantu benshi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gitandukanya telefoni isanzwe irwanya kwangiza n'iy'abaturage?

Telefoni idashobora kwangirika ikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye, ibikoresho bihishe, n'ubwubatsi bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo idakwangirika cyangwa ngo ikoreshwe nabi, mu gihe telefoni isanzwe ikoreshwa mu ruhame ikunze kwibanda cyane ku giciro n'imikorere y'ibanze.

Kuki telefoni yo muri gereza ikunze kuba ikomeye kurusha telefoni yo mu biro?

Terefone yo muri gereza igomba kwihanganira ikoreshwa nabi nkana, igenzurwa cyane, ndetse n'imbogamizi zikunze kubungabungwa, bityo aho ikorera, aho ishyirwa, na sisitemu yayo ya insinga byagenewe kurwanya ikoreshwa nabi cyane.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byiza kuri telefoni rusange ikoreshwa cyane?

Ibyuma bitanduye bikunze gukundwa kuko bihuza imbaraga za mekanike n'ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu, naho ibyuma bitanduye 316 bikunze gutorwa mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Ni gute abaguzi bemeza ibirego byo kwangiza ibintu?

Bagomba kubaza ibipimo nyabyo by’ibizamini, ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikoresho, uburyo bwo gufunga, n’ibimenyetso byose by’ingaruka cyangwa ikoreshwa nabi ry’ibizamini aho gushingira ku birego by’ubudahangarwa rusange.

Ese telefoni idakoresha ikoranabuhanga rituma umuntu arushaho kumva neza?

Yego, ariko gusa iyo agace gakingiye n'imiterere y'amajwi biringaniye neza kugira ngo uburinzi budahagarika uburyo bwo gufata amajwi cyangwa ijwi risohoka.

Ni iyihe nyungu nyamukuru yo kubungabunga telefoni ikoreshwa cyane?

Inyungu nyamukuru ni igihe gito cyo gukora kuko inyubako zikomeye n'uburyo bwo kuzikoresha imbere bishobora kugabanya igihe gisabwa cyo gusuzuma, gusana, cyangwa gusimbuza ibice byazo.

Ni izihe nzego zikeneye telefoni ya gereza byihutirwa cyane?

Ibigo ngororamuco, ibigo by’imfungwa n’ibibanza bigenzurwa bikeneye ibyo bintu byihutirwa cyane kuko itumanaho ryizewe ari kimwe mu bikorwa bya buri munsi no mu buryo bwo guhangana n’ibibazo.