Impamvu inganda zikora imiti zigomba gukoresha uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bwo gutumanaho mu ijwi ry'inganda n'uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru

Intangiriro

Mu nganda zikora imiti, ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigomba gukora neza aho imyuka itwika, ikirere cyangiza, urusaku rwinshi, n'imiterere y'ahantu hagari bituma ibikoresho bisanzwe bitagira umutekano cyangwa bidakora neza. Iyi nkuru isobanura impamvu itumanaho ry'amajwi n'amajwi by'inganda, cyane cyane telefoni zirinda guturika, zigenda ziba ingenzi mu guhuza ibikorwa rusange no mu gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka. Uzabona uburyo izi nganda zinoza gutanga ubutumwa, zigashyigikira kwihutisha ibikorwa by'impanuka, zigahuza n'ibikorwa remezo by'umutekano w'inganda, kandi zikagabanya intege nke zo gukoresha paging, radiyo, n'amajwi yigenga, bigashyiraho ishusho isobanutse y'ibyo ibikoresho bigezweho bikeneye ubu.

Impamvu ibimera by’imiti bikeneye itumanaho ry’amajwi ry’inganda rigezweho

Inganda zikora imiti zikora mu gihe cy’ihungabana rihoraho rituruka ku bikoresho bihindagurika, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’urusobe rw’ibikoresho bigoye. Muri ibi bidukikije,itumanaho ryizewesi uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora gusa ahubwo ni urwego rw'ingenzi rw'umutekano rurinda abakozi n'umutungo.

Ibyago byo mu mikorere n'ibikorwa bikwirakwizwa

Ingaruka mbi mu nganda zikora imiti zisaba itumanaho ryihuse kandi ritagira imbogamizi kugira ngo bigabanye ibibazo bikomeye. Inganda zikora imiti ihumanya ikirere n’ingufu za hydrocarbon zifite ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 38, aho gutinda gusubiza amazi cyangwa ikibazo cy’umuvuduko bishobora gutera umuriro. Byongeye kandi, inganda zigezweho zikora imiti zikwirakwira cyane, akenshi zikwirakwira ku mahegitari amagana. Abakora mu byumba bigenzura ibidukikije bagomba gukomeza gukorana neza n’abatekinisiye bo mu gasozi bakora isuku ku nkingi zitunganya amashanyarazi cyangwa ku mashini zitunganya amashanyarazi. Ubunini bw’ibi bikorwa busaba umuyoboro w’itumanaho ushobora gutangaza amakuru ako kanya, mu buryo bwinshi kugira ngo uhuze neza ibiza cyangwa ifungwa ry’impanuka.

Imipaka yo gukoresha paging, radiyo, n'imburiramugabo mu gihe cyashize

Uburyo gakondo bwo gutumanaho ntibufasha mu kugabanya ibyago bishobora guterwa no gutunganya imiti. Sisitemu za kera zo gupima amajwi (analog paging systems) zikunze kugira ibibazo byo kwangirika kw'amajwi bitewe n'insinga ndende kandi ntizishobora kwisuzuma zikenewe kugira ngo zikore neza mu gihe cy'ibibazo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, radiyo zigendanwa zo mu nzira ebyiri zishobora kugabanya cyane ibimenyetso; inyubako z'ibyuma biremereye, imiyoboro y'amazi, na sima ikomeye bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso bya RF ho 20 kugeza kuri 30 dB, bigatuma habaho ahantu hateje akaga. Byongeye kandi, inzogera zisanzwe zitanga umuburo wa kabiri ariko ntizitanga amabwiriza yihariye kandi ashobora gukoreshwa mu ijwi, bigatuma abakozi bahura n'ibibazo mu gihe cy'ibibazo bikomeye aho amakuru ari ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu yihutire kwimuka.

Ni iki gisobanura itumanaho ry'ijwi ry'inganda n'ubuhanga mu gutanga alarm?

Uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bwo gutumanaho bw'amajwi n'ibyumviro by'inganda burenze uburyo bwo guhanahana amajwi bw'ibanze hagati y'aho umuntu avugira. Bukora nk'umuyoboro wuzuye, ushingiye kuri IP wagenewe guhuza imikorere ya telefoni, aderesi rusange, n'ibyumviro rusange (PA/GA) mu bikorwa remezo bimwe kandi bihamye.

Imirimo y'ingenzi irenze telefoni y'ibanze

Uretse telefoni y'ibanze, sisitemu z'ubwenge zikoresha Protocol yo gutangiza ikiganiro (SIP) kugira ngo zihuze neza n'izisanzweho.Imiyoboro ya IP-PBXna sisitemu zo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga. Ikintu kiranga izi porogaramu zigezweho ni ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwigenzura bwikora. Sisitemu z'ubwenge zishobora gukora isuzuma ry'ibibazo ku mpera zose zihujwe ku buryo busanzwe nk'igihe kingana na buri masegonda 60. Ibi byemeza ko ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose—nk'insinga yaciwe, ibura ry'amashanyarazi, cyangwa mikoro yangiritse—bihita bitangazwa kuri seriveri y'ubuyobozi. Byongeye kandi, izi sisitemu zishyigikira amabwiriza y'ibanze ashobora gushyirwaho, yemerera aderesi rusange yihuta kwikora kugira ngo hirindwe urujya n'uruza rw'amajwi, bikerekana ko amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo guhunga adahagarikwa n'ibimenyetso bihuze.

Uruhare rw'ibikoresho birwanya guturika no kwirinda imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Ishingiro ry'ikoreshwa ry'iyi miyoboro ni telefoni idaturika ishobora kwihanganira ikirere. Ibi bikoresho byihariye byakozwe kugira ngo birinde ikoranabuhanga ryabyo ry'imbere gukora nk'isoko y'umuriro mu kirere cyuzuyemo imyuka itwika cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bikozwe muri aluminiyumu idafite umuringa cyangwa polyester yihariye ikoreshwa mu kirahuri (GRP), bitanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku mwuka w'ibinyabutabire byangiza. Kugira ngo bihangane n'ibidukikije bibi byo hanze, izi telefoni zifite amanota meza yo kurinda ingress, zigatanga icyemezo cya IP66 cyangwa IP67 ku isi yose ku miyoboro y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ivumbi ryose. Byongeye kandi, byubatswe kugira ngo bihangane n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, akenshi bifite amanota ya IK10 yo kurwanya ingaruka, bigatuma zikora neza ndetse no nyuma yo gushya cyane.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki, ibidukikije, no kubahiriza amategeko

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko n’ubwubatsi agomba gusuzuma neza uburyo bwo gutumanaho bushoboka akurikije ibipimo bikomeye bya tekiniki n’amategeko. Gukoresha umuyoboro wa telefoni udashobora guturika bisaba gukoresha ibyemezo bigoye by’umutekano no gukoresha amabwiriza y’ijwi asaba.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ku nganda zishobora guteza akaga

Ahantu hateje akaga hatera imbogamizi zikomeye ku ijwi, bigasaba ibikoresho byihariye byo gukoresha. Urusaku rw'inyuma mu byumba bya compressor cyangwa hafi y'ipompo z'amazi rukunze kurenga 85 dB (A). Kubera iyo mpamvu, telefoni z'inganda zifite ubwenge zigomba kugira mikoro zikuraho urusaku n'ibimenyetso bitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Indangururamajwi n'indangururamajwi zishyizwe hamwe zigomba kuba zishoboye gutanga amajwi arenga 90 dB (A) ku ntera ya metero imwe kugira ngo humve neza urusaku rw'imashini. Ibipimo by'ubwizerwe nabyo ni ingenzi cyane; sisitemu z'urwego rw'ikigo zigomba kwemeza ko igihe hagati y'ibyago (MTBF) kigera nibura amasaha 50.000, bikagabanya ibikorwa byo kubungabunga mu duce duto kandi dufite ibyago byinshi byo gukora.

Amabwiriza ajyanye n'ibyo, ibyemejwe, n'inyandiko bireba

Kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga uburinzi bw'ibiturika ku isi ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Bitewe n'aho uruganda ruherereye, ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cyihariye cyemeza umutekano wabyo cyangwa ibirindiro bidashobora gushya. Mu Burayi no ku isi yose,Amabwiriza ya ATEX na IECExamabwiriza ku bice biteje akaga bya Zone ya 1 (ibishobora gutera ibyago byinshi) na Zone ya 2 (ibishobora gutera ibyago biri hagati). Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Amategeko y'Igihugu agenga amashanyarazi (NEC) n'Amategeko y'amashanyarazi ya Kanada (CEC) ategeka ko byemezwa mu cyiciro cya I, Ishami rya 1 cyangwa Ishami rya 2. Abacuruzi bagomba gutanga inyandiko zuzuye, harimo icyemezo cy'uko ibintu bihuye n'amategeko na raporo zirambuye z'ibizamini, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu igenzura ry'umutekano w'aho hantu n'ubwishingizi.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugereranya abaguzi kuri sisitemu zirinda guturika

Mu kugereranya sisitemu z'itumanaho zirinda guturika, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma aho umutekano uhurira, imikorere y'amajwi, n'uburyo umuyoboro uhura. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati y'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'inganda n'ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kurinda guturika byubatswe ku bushake.

Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Itumanaho ry'Amajwi ry'Ubwenge mu Bimera by'Ubutabire

Gushyira mu bikorwa umuyoboro w’itumanaho ry’amajwi w’ubwenge bisaba igenamigambi ryimbitse kugira ngo ugenzure neza, ukomeze kwihanganira imiyoboro, kandi ugire ingaruka nke ku mikorere y’ibinyabutabire ikomeje gukorwa mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho.

Gutegura igenamigambi ry'ibyago no gushyiraho gahunda yo kubikwirakwiza

Gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga bitangirira ku gukora isuzuma ry’ibyago n’amajwi. Injeniyeri zigomba gukora ubushakashatsi kugira ngo zimenye ahantu hashobora kuba hari urusaku rwinshi, imbogamizi zifatika, n’ibyiciro byihariye by’ahantu hashobora kuba hari ibyago. Iri suzuma rigena ubucucike bw’ibikoresho; mu bice bifite urusaku rwinshi birenga 85 dB (A),terefone zirinda guturika zirinda ikireren'inyongeraAbavuga rikijyana (PA)Ubusanzwe ziba ziri hagati ya metero 30 na 50 kugira ngo amajwi agaragare neza. Igenamigambi ryo kohereza amajwi rigomba kandi kwita ku bimenyetso by'amashusho, rigashyiramo amatara yo mu bwoko bwa strobe beacons mu bice aho uburinzi bw'amatwi butuma amajwi adahagije.

Amahitamo y'inyubako zikoresha insinga, SIP, analog, n'inyubako zivanze

Imiterere ya sisitemu y'itumanaho igomba kuringaniza ubushobozi bwa IP bugezweho n'imbogamizi z'ibikorwa remezo. Nubwo imiterere ya SIP gakondo itanga urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwihuza no kwisuzuma, guhuza Power over Ethernet (PoE) bigengwa cyane n'insinga ntarengwa zo kuzenguruka metero 100 hakoreshejwe imiyoboro isanzwe ya Cat6. Ku nganda nini z'ibinyabutabire, imiyoboro ya fiber optic ni ingenzi kugira ngo ihuze imiyoboro iri kure, ikoresheje switches zicungwa n'inganda kugira ngo ihindure fibre muri fer runs zo mu gace. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byo kongera gukora, imiterere ya hybrid irakoreshwa, ikoresha insinga za analog zisanzwe zivanze binyuze mu nzira za IP-to-analog, bityo bigabanyiriza ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho mu gihe cyo kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugenzura hagati bujya kuri platform igezweho ishingiye kuri porogaramu.

Guhitamo abagurisha no kugabanya ibyago by'umushinga

Guhitamo umucuruzi ukwiye ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya ibyago by’umushinga. Abakora bagomba gushyira imbere inganda zitanga ubufasha bwinshi mbere yo kohereza, harimo no gusuzuma neza imikorere y’uruganda (FAT) kugira ngo zemeze imiterere ya sisitemu mbere yuko ibikoresho bihagera. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’imiterere mibi y’imikorere, abaguzi bagomba kubona garanti ikomeye; garanti y’amezi 24 ku bikoresho bidashobora guturika ni amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda agaragaza icyizere cy’umucuruzi. Gutanga ubufasha mu gutanga porogaramu z’igihe kirekire no kuboneka kw’ibice bisimbura ibindi bituma sisitemu ikomeza gukora mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima bwayo.

Ibyo inyungu ku musaruro n'ibyemezo by'ingenzi kurusha ibindi

Kugira ngo haboneke amafaranga y'ingenzi akoreshwa mu gutumanaho mu ijwi ryumvikana bisaba kugaragaza akamaro k'imikorere n'inyungu z'igihe kirekire ku bafatanyabikorwa mu nganda n'abayobozi bakuru.

Gupima agaciro binyuze mu kugabanya ibyago no kunoza uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo

Inyungu y'ibanze ku ishoramari (ROI) iboneka binyuze mu kugabanya ingaruka zishobora gupimwa no kwita ku bibazo byihutirwa. Mu nganda zikora imiti, ibintu bito bishobora kwiyongera vuba; hagaragaye ko sisitemu z'itumanaho zikoresha ubwenge zigabanya igihe cyo gutabara no guhunga ku kigero cya 40 kugeza kuri 60 ku ijana. Byongeye kandi, itumanaho ryizewe ryoroshya kubungabunga no gukemura ibibazo buri gihe, rigabanya mu buryo butaziguye igihe cyo guhagarara kitateganijwe. Bitewe n'uko igihe cyo guhagarara mu ruganda rw'imiti ruciriritse gishobora gutera ikiguzi kiri hagati y'amadolari 10.000 kugeza hejuru y'amadolari 50.000 ku isaha, gukumira guhagarara rimwe gusa bishobora gukuraho burundu ishoramari ry'ibanze ry'urusobe rw'itumanaho.

Gahunda y'ibyemezo bya nyuma ku bakora uruganda

Abakora uruganda bagomba gukoresha gahunda y’ikiguzi cy’ubukode (TCO) ifata imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15 kugira ngo bafate ibyemezo bya nyuma byo kugura. Nubwo telefoni zidashobora guturika zisaba amafaranga menshi mbere y’igihe ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe, kuramba kwazo bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kuzisimbuza n’akazi ko kuzisana.

Mu gusuzuma ibi bintu, abafata ibyemezo bashobora guhitamo neza uburyo butagamije kubahiriza amategeko gusa, ahubwo bunatanga umusaruro urambye mu mikorere n'umutekano udasanzwe ku bakozi b'inganda.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu za telefoni idashobora guturika mu gihe cy'imvura
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki uruganda rw'imiti rukenera telefoni irinda guturika mu gihe cy'imvura?

Itanga itumanaho ryizewe mu buryo bwizewe mu bice biteje akaga no hanze, ifasha amatsinda gutanga raporo y’aho amazi yamenetse, guhuza ifungwa ry’ibikoresho, no kwakira amabwiriza asobanutse neza hatabayeho kwangirika kw’ibikoresho ubwabyo.

Ni ibihe byangombwa ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura ahantu hashobora guteza akaga?

Genzura ko igikoresho gihuye n’imiterere y’akarere kawe hanyuma usabe inyandiko za ATEX hamwe na CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001 zijyanye nabyo. Kuri Siniwo, ibikoresho byemewe by’itumanaho ry’inganda byubatswe ku bidukikije biteje akaga.

Terefone y'inganda igomba kwirinda ikirere gute ku hantu hakorerwa imiti ihumanya ikirere hanze?

Hitamo nibura IP66 cyangwa IP67 kugira ngo urinde ivumbi n'amazi, hamwe n'ibikoresho birwanya ingese nka aluminiyumu idafite umuringa cyangwa GRP. Ubudahangarwa bwa IK10 nabwo ni ingirakamaro mu bihe bibi by'ibimera.

Ese izi telefoni zishobora gukorana na sisitemu za IP-PBX cyangwa VoIP zisanzweho?

Yego. Telefoni nyinshi z’inganda zikoresha ubuhanga zishyigikira SIP, bityo zishobora guhuza imiyoboro ya IP-PBX cyangwa VoIP isanzweho, bityo bikaba byoroshye guhuza telefoni zo mu kibuga, paging, n’itumanaho ryihutirwa.

Ni gute Siniwo yashyigikira umushinga wuzuye w’itumanaho ry’inganda?

Siniwo itanga serivisi imwe kuva ku gushushanya no guhuza kugeza ku gushyiraho no kubungabunga, hamwe n'ikorwa ry'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi mu rugo kugira ngo bigire ireme rihamye kandi rigerweho neza.