Sisitemu ya Terefone yihutirwa ni iki kandi ikora gute?

Intangiriro

Mu bice aho guhamagara bitinze bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa zitanga inzira yihariye yo gufasha imiyoboro ya telefoni isanzwe ishobora kutabishingiraho. Iyi nkuru isobanura ibyo izi sisitemu ari byo, impamvu zubatswe mu buryo butandukanye n’uburyo zisanzwe za telefoni, n’uburyo ibice byazo by’ingenzi bikora hamwe kugira ngo itumanaho rikomeze kuboneka mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bikomeye. Uziga uburyo sitasiyo zo guhamagara, guhamagara mu buryo bwikora, gukurikirana amakuru, n’ingufu zishyigikira itumanaho ryihuse kandi ryizewe n’abatabazi, n’impamvu izi sisitemu zikoreshwa cyane mu bigo bya kaminuza, aho imodoka ziparika, ahantu ho gutwara abantu, n’ahandi hantu hatarangwa umutekano.

Sisitemu ya Terefone yihutirwa ni iki?

Sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ni ikoranabuhanga ryihariye kandi ritekanye ry’itumanaho ryakozwe kugira ngo ritange itumanaho ryizewe kandi ryizewe n’abatanga serivisi z’ubutabazi cyangwa ibigo bigenzura. Bitandukanye n’imiyoboro isanzwe y’itumanaho, ishyira imbere urujya n’uruza rw’abantu benshi n’uburyo bwinshi bwo kwakira amakuru, sisitemu z’ubutabazi zubatswe kugira ngo zikore akazi kenshi, zirinda ibibazo bya PBX byo mu gace ndetse n’umubyigano w’itumanaho rya telefoni.

Izi sisitemu zishyirwa ahantu umutekano rusange ari wo ureba mbere na mbere, zikaba umuyoboro w’ubuzima mu gihe cy’impanuka zikomeye. Zikora zititaye ku bikorwa remezo by’abaguzi, zikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye n’inzira z’umuyoboro zidafite aho zihuriye kugira ngo zihuze neza nta gutinda cyangwa guhagarara.

Ibice by'ingenzi n'imikorere yabyo

Imiterere ya sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ishingiye ku bikoresho bikomeye byagenewe kwihanganira imbogamizi ku bidukikije no kwangiza. Ku rwego rwo hejuru, sisitemu zikoresha amapine adakoresha intoki,udusanduku two guhamagara mu gihe cy'impanuka tudahura n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, cyangwa sitasiyo za telefoni zihariye. Izi endpoints zifite ibikoresho byo kwiyamamaza byikora (programmable auto-dialer) bitangira guhamagara igihe buto ikanzwe cyangwa telefoni izamuwe.

Gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Sisitemu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu nganda zigomba kuba zirimo amashanyarazi adashobora gucika (UPS) cyangwa batiri zikoreshwa mu buryo bwazo zishobora gutanga nibura amasaha 24 y'amashanyarazi ahoraho n'amasaha 4 y'igihe cyo kuvugana mu gihe cy'impanuka y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Udukingirizo tudashobora kwangirika, akenshi twubatswe mu byuma bitagira umugozi bya gauge 14 cyangwa gauge 16, turinda imbaho ​​z'imbere mu muyoboro kwangirika no kwinjira mu bushyuhe.

Uburyo amahamagara atangwa n'uburyo ashyirwa imbere

Iyo aho guhagarara hafunguwe, sisitemu inyura mu buryo busanzwe bwo guhinduranya amakuru kugira ngo ishyire imbere umurongo usohoka. Guhamagara binyuzwa ahantu ho gusubiza amakuru mu mutekano rusange (PSAP), ku biro by'umutekano bya kaminuza, cyangwa ku biro by'igenzura by'umuntu wa gatatu. Iyi nzira iba ishyizwe mu gice cyo guhagarara cyangwa ku irembo ry'ubutabazi, bityo bigatuma nta kosa ry'umukoresha mu gihe cy'ubwoba.

Sisitemu za telefoni zigezweho zohereza amakuru yerekeye imibare yihuta (ANI) n'iy'aho umuntu aherereye (ALI) hamwe n'umutwaro w'ijwi. Izi paki z'amakuru zihita zuzuza ecran y'uwatanze ubutumwa hamwe n'aho ahurira cyangwa urwego rw'inyubako rw'uwahamagaye. Mu bidukikije bihuza, porogaramu z'ubwiza bwa serivisi (QoS) ziha umuyoboro umwanya ukomeye kuri izi paki z'ijwi kuri IP (VoIP), bikarinda ko guhamagara bigabanuka ndetse no mu gihe cy'ubwinshi bw'amajwi.

Amahitamo y'ingenzi ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'abaguzi

Abaguzi basuzuma ibikorwa remezo byihutirwa by'itumanaho bagomba gukoresha uburyo butatu bw'ibanze bw'itumanaho: analog (POTS), telefoni zigendanwa, na VoIP / SIP. Mu mateka, imirongo ya Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) yari isanzwe bitewe n'uko yikoreshaga ubwayo. Ariko, kubera ko ibigo by'itumanaho byahagaritse ibikorwa remezo by'umuringa, abaguzi bagenda bimukira mu bundi buryo bugezweho.

Amarembo ya telefoni zigendanwa akoresha imiyoboro ya LTE cyangwa 5G, akenshi afite routiere ebyiri za SIM kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo butandukanye. Izi ni ingirakamaro cyane ahantu kure aho gukurura insinga bitwara amafaranga make. Ku rundi ruhande, sisitemu za VoIP zishingiye kuri Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) zikoresha ibikorwa remezo bya LAN/WAN biriho. Imiterere ya SIP yemerera ubuyobozi buhuriweho, kuvugurura firmware iri kure, no gukora amatora ahoraho kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'ibikoresho, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza yo gushushanya ibigo binini cyangwa kaminuza.

Impamvu sisitemu za telefoni zidasanzwe zigifite akamaro

Nubwo telefoni zigendanwa ziboneka ahantu hose, sisitemu za telefoni zigenewe ubutabazi bwihutirwa ziracyari igice cyingenzi cy’ibikorwa remezo by’umutekano w’ubuzima. Ibikoresho bigendanwa bishobora kwangirika bateri, gucika kwa interineti, no gucika kwa telefoni, bigatuma zidakora neza mu miterere cyangwa mu turere runaka.

Sisitemu zabugenewe zitanga uburyo buhoraho kandi buzwi bwo gutumanaho, aho abashinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze bashobora kwishingikirizaho. Byongeye kandi, zuzuza amabwiriza akomeye y’amategeko n’amabwiriza asaba ba nyir’amazu gutanga imiyoboro y’itumanaho ry’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ishoboka hifashishijwe igikoresho cy’umukoresha.

Uburyo bigabanya igihe cyo gusubiza

Akamaro k’ingenzi k’uburyo bwa telefoni zihoraho zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ni ukugabanya cyane igihe cyo gutabara mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze. Iyo umuntu akoresha telefoni igendanwa, agomba kuvuga neza aho aherereye—ibintu bishobora gukurura amakosa menshi mu gihe cy’ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa ntibishoboke iyo umuntu akoresha terefone adashoboye.

Kubera ko telefoni zabugenewe zohereza amakuru nyayo ya ALI ako kanya iyo zihujwe, abashinzwe kohereza amakuru ntibakenera gushyira ikimenyetso ku mpandeshatu cyangwa kubaza uwahamagaye amabwiriza. Amakuru y’inganda agaragaza ko sisitemu z’ubutabazi zikorera ahantu hazwi zishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kohereza amakuru ku masegonda 60 kugeza kuri 90 ugereranije n’amatelefone asanzwe ya 911. Mu bihe by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cyangwa mu bihe by’ibiza, iyi gahunda yo kwihutisha ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho yongera cyane amahirwe y’umusaruro.

Aho bakunze kunengwa cyane

Sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa ni ngombwa mu bidukikije birangwa no kwigunga, ibyago byinshi, cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibimenyetso. Ibikorwa remezo byo munsi y'ubutaka, inyubako zikingiwe cyane, n'uturere tw'inganda twa kure akenshi ntibikunze kugira uburyo bwizewe bwo kwinjira mu itumanaho rya telefoni.

Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki, iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amategeko

Gukoresha sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa bisaba kubahiriza cyane urusobe rw'amategeko y'inyubako, amahame agenga uburyo bwo kuzigeraho, n'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki. Kutubahiriza ibi bisabwa ntibibangamira gusa umutekano w'abakoresha ahubwo binashyira abakora ibikorwa remezo mu nshingano zabo nk'uko amategeko abiteganya, ndetse n'amafaranga abiteganya.

Amabwiriza n'amahame yo kwitaho

Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA) rigena ibipimo nyabyo by’imikorere ya telefoni zihutirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Gukurikiza amategeko ya ADA bisaba ko ibikoresho by’itumanaho bikoreshwa bidafashe cyane, gukanda, cyangwa kuzunguruka ukuboko, kandi bigomba gukora ku ngufu zitarenze ibiro 5. Byongeye kandi, igice kinini cya telefoni gishobora gukoreshwa kigomba gushyirwaho ntarengwa ya santimetero 15 uvuye ku igorofa rirangiye kugira ngo kigere imbere cyangwa ku ruhande.

Ku bijyanye no gutwara abantu bahagaze, Itegeko ry’umutekano rya ASME A17.1/CSA B44 ku bazamura n’abazamura rigenga itumanaho ryihutirwa. Ivugurura riherutse gukorwa kuri iyi kode ritegeka ko sisitemu z’itumanaho zishinzwe ascenseur zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha videwo ku mpande zombi ku bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva kandi zigagenzura imikorere y’umurongo buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, Itegeko ry’Igihugu rigenga Itangazo ry’Umuriro n’Ibimenyetso (NFPA 72) rigaragaza ibisabwa ku buryo insinga n’amashanyarazi bifasha izi sisitemu bikomeza kubaho.

Ibisabwa ku bidukikije no kuruhuka

Terefone zihutirwa zigomba gukora neza mu bihe bibi. Uduce tw’amashanyarazi dushyirwa hanze cyangwa mu nganda dusaba amanota menshi yo kurinda kwinjira (IP). Igipimo cya IP66 muri rusange ni cyo gipimo ntarengwa cyo gukoresha mu dusanduku two guhamagara hanze, gikingira inyanja nyinshi cyangwa amazi menshi, mu gihe ibikoresho bifite igipimo cya IP67 bishobora kwihanganira kwibira mu mazi by’agateganyo.

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe nabwo ni ingenzi cyane. Sisitemu za telefoni zigezweho zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zakozwe mu buryo bw’ubushyuhe bwinshi, akenshi zikora neza kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +65°C (-40°F kugeza +149°F). Kugira ngo habeho igihe cyo gukora, sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha SIP zikoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha bwikora—gupima ibyuma buri minota 10 kugeza kuri 15. Iyo icyuma kidakora neza, sisitemu ihita itanga ubutumwa ku bayobozi b'ibigo, igenzura ko icyuma gikosorwa mbere y'uko habaho ikibazo nyacyo.

Guhuza na ascenseur na sisitemu z'umutekano

Sisitemu za telefoni zigezweho zishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze ntizikunze gukora mu buryo bwihariye; zigenda ziyongera mu micungire y’inyubako n’umutekano w’umubiri. Binyuze mu gukoresha amahame afunguye nka ONVIF na SIP, guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa bishobora gutuma abantu bitabira ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora ku mbuga nyinshi.

Urugero, gukoresha telefoni yihutirwa muri gareji yo guparika bishobora guhita bitegeka Sisitemu yo gucunga amashusho (VMS) ikoranywe kugira ngo ishyire kamera y’igenzura iri hafi aho, ihindure, kandi yongere (PTZ) kuri kamera y’igenzura iri hafi aho. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, guhuza na sisitemu zo kugenzura ubwinjiriro bituma abakora sitasiyo nkuru bashobora gufungura imiryango cyangwa amarembo y’abatabazi ba mbere bakoresheje konsole y’itumanaho ya telefoni yihutirwa, bityo bikanoroshya inzira yo kubafasha.

Ibisobanuro, Imiterere, no Kubungabunga

Imikorere ya sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa—kuva ku bipimo bya mbere kugeza ku ikomeza ry’ibikorwa byo kuyisana—isaba uburyo bwo kuyikoresha kugira ngo ikomeze kuba iy’ukuri. Ibyemezo byo gutanga amasoko bigomba kuringaniza amafaranga akoreshwa mbere y’igihe n’ikiguzi cy’ibikorwa by’igihe kirekire ndetse n’igihe kirekire cy’ibikorwa.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma abacuruzi

Mu guhitamo umucuruzi, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma amateka y’uruganda mu bijyanye no kuramba kw’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa no gushyigikira porogaramu. Ibipimo by’ingenzi birimo igihe hagati y’ibihe byangiritse (MTBF), aho ku bijyanye n’ibihe byihutirwa by’ubwiza buhanitse bigomba kurenza amasaha 50.000. Abacuruzi bagomba gutanga inyandiko zirambuye zigaragaza iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ya UL,Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya CE, na FCC.

Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma amabwiriza y’ubwishingizi bw’umucuruzi hamwe n’ubufasha bwa tekiniki bwa SLA. Uruganda ruzwiho gutanga garanti y’imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 5 ku bikoresho by’ingenzi kandi ruzemeza ko hazabaho ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi, bigaragaza ubuzima bw’ibikorwaremezo by’umutekano w’ubuzima.

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bitanga ikiguzi

Igiciro cyose cyo gutunga sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa giterwa n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, imiterere y'umuyoboro, n'uburyo bwo kuyishyiramo. Imiterere y'ibanze ya analog cyangwa SIP isanzwe iri hagati ya $300 na $600 kuri buri gice. Ariko, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha, ifite amanota ya IP67, cyangwaUburyo bwo kwirinda guturika bwemewe na ATEXku bidukikije biteje akaga bishobora kurenza $1,500 kugeza $2,500 kuri buri gikoresho.

Impinduka mu bikorwaremezo ni ikindi kintu gikomeye gitera ikiguzi. Kuzamura sisitemu za kera za analog kuri VoIP bisaba gukuraho insinga nshya za Cat5e / Cat6 Ethernet cyangwa gushyiraho inzira za analog-to-IP. Ku bijyanye no gushyiramo imiyoboro yo hanze kure, gucukura imiyoboro y'itumanaho bishobora guhenda cyane, bigatuma inzira za telefoni zigendanwa - nubwo zitwara amafaranga menshi buri kwezi - ziba igisubizo gihendutse kandi gihendutse.

Uburyo bwo gupima no kubungabunga

Kwishingikiriza ku buryo bwihutirwa ni ikibazo gikomeye mu mikorere; ibizamini bikomeye kandi byateganyijwe ni itegeko. Mu mateka, abakozi bo kubungabunga ibikoresho bagombaga kugenda n'amaguru kugera kuri buri mpera, bakandika buto, kandi bakagenzura aho bihurira. Muri iki gihe, sisitemu z'ubwenge zikora iyi gahunda mu buryo bwikora.

Urugero, ASME A17.1 isaba telefoni zishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze kugira ngo igenzure neza ubuziranenge bw’umurongo w’itumanaho nibura rimwe mu masaha 24. Iyo umurongo unaniwe, sisitemu igomba gutuma habaho intabaza y’amajwi n’amashusho yo mu gace utuyemo. Uretse kugenzura umurongo wikora, abayobozi b’ibigo bagomba gukora ibizamini byuzuye bya buri gihembwe, kugenzura ko mikoro isobanutse neza, ijwi ry’indangururamajwi, imikorere ya sitasiyo, n’ukuri kw’amakuru ya ALI yohererejwe kuri PSAP.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo sisitemu ya telefoni ijyanye n'igihe cy'ubutabazi

Guhuza sisitemu ya telefoni ikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa n'ahantu runaka ho gukorera bitanga uburenganzira bwo kubahiriza amategeko no kunoza ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo. Ibyemezo bishingira ku gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'imiyoboro isanzweho, ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, n'ibikenewe mu itumanaho by'abayikoresha.

Sisitemu zigenga ugereranyije n'izihujwe

Sisitemu zigenga zikora zitigenga ku muyoboro w’ibigo, zikoresha imirongo yihariye ya analog cyangwa imirongo ya telefoni zitandukanye. Izi zirashobora kwihanganira cyane ibura ry’imiyoboro cyangwa ibitero bya interineti kuko zidasangiza ibikorwa remezo hamwe n’urujya n’uruza rw’amakuru asanzwe ya IT. Ni nziza cyane ahantu hiherereye cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye hafite imiyoboro ya IT ishaje.

Sisitemu zihujwe zikoresha imiyoboro, zikoresha SIP/VoIP, zihuza itumanaho ryihutirwa na LAN/WAN y'ikigo. Ubu buryo bugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'imiyoboro y'itumanaho ihoraho kandi bugatuma imicungire rusange ikoreshwa binyuze muri dashboard imwe. Sisitemu zihujwe zishyigikira ibintu bigezweho nko gusakaza amakuru menshi, aho indangururamajwi zose za telefoni zihuta zishobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe kugira ngo zisohoke.amatangazo y'amajwi rusangemu gihe cy’ikibazo cyabereye muri kaminuza yose. Ariko, bisaba ko habaho gusimbuza cyane imiyoboro y’itumanaho, harimo na swichi za UPS-backed PoE (Power over Ethernet), kugira ngo umuriro ukomeze kubaho mu gihe cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo hakurikijwe ikoreshwa

Guhitamo sisitemu nziza bisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’ikoreshwa ryayo. Abaguzi bagomba guhuza ibidukikije byabo n’ikoranabuhanga rikwiye.

Mu gusuzuma neza ibi bipimo—kuva ku kubahiriza amategeko ya ADA n’ibipimo bya MTBF kugeza ku bushobozi bwo guhuza imiyoboro y’itumanaho n’uburyo ikoreshwa—abayobozi b’ibigo bashobora kugura sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa itanga umuyoboro w’ubutabazi utajegajega kandi udashobora kunanirwa igihe bikenewe cyane.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gukoresha sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ni iki?

Ni sisitemu yihariye y'itumanaho ihuza abakoresha n'umutekano, kohereza amakuru, cyangwa ikigo gikurikirana amakuru mu buryo butaziguye, ndetse no mu gihe cy'umuvuduko muke w'itumanaho cyangwa ibibazo by'amashanyarazi.

Ese sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ikora ite?

Iyo buto ikanze cyangwa ikazamurwa muri telefoni, iyi mashini ihita ihamagara inomero yagenwe mbere kandi ikabasha kohereza amakuru y'aho iherereye kugira ngo abashinzwe gusubiza bamenye neza aho ihamagara riturutse.

Ni hehe telefoni zihutirwa zikenewe cyane?

Ni ingirakamaro cyane mu birombe, ahantu hakorerwa peteroli na gazi, aho abagenzi batwara abantu n'ibintu, mu bigo by'amashuri makuru, muri za gereza no hanze cyangwa ahantu hateje akaga aho itumanaho rigendanwa, urusaku, cyangwa ingaruka z'umutekano ari ibintu bihangayikishije.

Ese nkwiye guhitamo telefoni zigezweho za analoge, telefoni zigendanwa, cyangwa telefoni zigezweho za VoIP?

Hitamo analog ku mirongo ya kera, telefoni zigendanwa ku mbuga za kure, na VoIP / SIP ku bigo cyangwa imiyoboro y'inganda ikeneye imicungire rusange, igenzura ry'ubuzima, no koroshya kwaguka.

Ni iki abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma mu gihe bahitamo sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa yo mu nganda?

Ibande ku kwizerwa, gutanga raporo y'aho ibintu biherereye, ingufu zo kubika amakuru, igishushanyo mbonera kidahinduka cyangwa kidaturika, ibyemezo nka ATEX cyangwa CE, hamwe n'ubufasha bw'abatanga serivisi mu guhuza, gushyiraho no kubungabunga.