Inganda zikomeye zisaba telefoni zirinda guturika

Intangiriro

Mu bigo aho imyuka itwika, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya ari bimwe mu bikorwa bisanzwe, ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigomba gutegurwa kugira ngo bikureho ingaruka zo gushya. Terefone zirinda guturika zikora uwo murimo mu gutuma itumanaho ryizewe mu bice biteje akaga mu gihe zihuye n'ibisabwa bikomeye mu mutekano no kubahiriza amategeko. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma inganda zishingira cyane kuri ibi bikoresho, kuva kuri peteroli na gaze kugeza ku gutunganya no gucukura imiti, kandi igasobanura impamvu imikorere yabyo ituma telefoni zihariye ziba ingenzi. Amaherezo, abasomyi bazasobanukirwa aho telefoni zirinda guturika zikoreshwa cyane n'uburyo zishyigikira umutekano w'abakozi no gukomeza gukora.

Impamvu Terefone Zirinda Guturika Zifite Ishingiro mu Bidukikije Bifite Akaga Gakomeye

Mu nganda aho kuba hari imyuka ihindagurika, ivumbi rishobora gushya, cyangwa umwuka ushyuha ari ibintu bisanzwe, ibikoresho bisanzwe by'itumanaho bifite ibyago bidakwiye byo gushya.Terefone zirinda guturikabyakozwe by’umwihariko kugira ngo birinde ko amashanyarazi ari mu gikoresho adakora ikintu gishyushya cyangwa ubushyuhe bushobora gutwika ikirere gikikije. Izi ngamba zihariye z’itumanaho si ibikoresho gusa; ni umutungo w’ingenzi mu kurinda ubuzima no mu mikorere uteganywa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga imikorere.

Gushyira ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidaturika ni byo shingiro ry'ubutabazi bwihutirwa no guhuza ibikorwa bya buri munsi mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi. Mu gushyira ibice by'imbere mu mazu akomeye kandi adatwikirwa n'umuriro cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ingufu ku rugero rudakomeye, izi telefoni zituma imirongo y'itumanaho y'ingenzi ikomeza gufunguka ndetse no mu gihe cy'impanuka zikomeye.

Uburyo bigabanya ibyago byo gukora no kuruhuka kw'akazi

Akamaro k'ibanze ka telefoni idaturika ni ugukuraho igikoresho nk'isoko ishobora gutwika, bityo bikagabanya cyane ibyago bikomeye mu mikorere. Telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zikoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro idakingiye ishobora gukurura byoroshye mu gihe cy'uruziga rw'impeta cyangwa iyo terefone izamuwe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, moderi zidaturika zikoresha imiyoboro y'impeta ya rukuruzi nta bice bigenda hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifunze neza. Uku guhinduka k'ubwubatsi birinda uduce duto dushobora gutera guturika mu kirere gifite gaze nyinshi.

Uretse gukumira ibiza, ibi bikoresho bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gihe cyo gukora. Ahantu hashobora kubaho ingaruka zikomeye akenshi hakunze kubaho imitingito ikabije, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, ndetse no kwangirika bigatuma ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga binanirwa vuba. Telefoni zikoreshwa mu nganda zikunze kugabanyirizwa igihe hagati y'ibiza (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 50.000. Mu kugabanya igipimo cy'ihungabana ry'ibikoresho, abayobozi b'inganda bashobora kwirinda ihagarikwa ry'akazi gafitanye isano n'itumanaho, aho mu nzego nko gucukura mu mazi bishobora gutuma igihe cyo gukora kirenga $100.000 ku isaha.

Impamvu itumanaho mu turere twangiza ubu ari ingenzi cyane

Kuva kera byafatwaga nk'ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, itumanaho rishobora guteza akaga ryahindutse ingenzi mu mikorere. Guhuza telefoni zigezweho zidashobora guturika mu buryo buhuriweho bw'itumanaho bifasha kugenzura ibikorwa mu buryo bwihuse no gutangaza amakuru yihutirwa mu buryo bwikora. Uku guhuza gutuma impanuka ibera mu gace runaka ishobora gutera amakuru ako kanya, mu buryo bwihuse nta ngaruka ikoresheje intoki.

Byongeye kandi, igenamigambi rya none ry’itumanaho risaba ko ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi by’umutekano biboneka ku kigero cya 99.99%. Mu gukoresha telefoni zikoreshwa mu kugenzura ikoreshwa rya telefoni zikoresha ijwi kuri IP (VoIP) zirinda guturika, abakoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura bashobora guhora basuzuma ubuzima bw’ibikoresho, bagahita bamenya ibyuma bikoresha interineti cyangwa amakosa mbere yuko hagira ikibazo. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose buhindura itumanaho rishobora guteza akaga rikava ku rubuga rw’umutekano rudakora ahubwo rikajya ku gice gikusanya amakuru mu gucunga ibyago by’inganda.

Inganda zikeneye telefoni zirinda guturika cyane

Ubusabe bwa telefoni zirinda guturika bwibanda cyane mu nganda aho ubucucike bw'ibintu bishobora gutwika buhora bugera ku mupaka w'ibiturika. Izi nganda zikora hakurikijwe amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije n'umutekano agenga ubwoko nyabwo bw'ibikoresho by'itumanaho byemewe mu turere twagenewe guteza akaga.

Ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gaze, peteroli, n'inganda zitunganya peteroli

Itsindainganda za peteroli na gaze, ikubiyemo gucukura mu mazi yo hejuru, gutwara abantu mu mazi yo hagati, no gutunganya amazi yo hasi, ni yo ikoresha itumanaho ridashobora guturika cyane. Muri ibyo bigo, imyuka ya hydrocarbon nka methane, propane, na hydrogen irahari hose. Terefone zishyirwa ku byuma bisukura amazi cyangwa ku mapompe y’uruganda zigomba kuba zujuje ibyiciro bya Zone ya 1 cyangwa Class I, Division ya 1, kugira ngo zikore neza mu mutekano ahantu hashobora kubaho imvange y’imyuka iturika mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bisanzwe.

Inganda zikora peteroli zihura n’ibibazo bisa, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikaba bigoye cyane, bitewe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’imiti ikoreshwa mu gutwika itunganywa icyarimwe. Ibikoresho biri muri ibi bidukikije ntibigomba gukumira gusa umuriro ahubwo binarwanya ingese zikomeye za shimi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, telefoni zirinda guturika mu buryo bwa peteroli zikunze kubakwa mu byuma bikingira ibyuma bya poliyester ya Glass Reinforced Polyester (GRP) cyangwa 316L, bitanga imbogamizi ikomeye ku kirere giturika ndetse no kwangirika gukabije kwa shimi.

Ikoreshwa ry'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya imiti, amazi yo mu mazi, n'ingufu

Nubwo ibidukikije bya peteroli na gaze byita cyane cyane ku myuka ihindagurika,urwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubuhinziIhura n'ingorane zikomeye ziterwa n'umukungugu utwika. Mu birombe by'amakara byo munsi y'ubutaka cyangwa mu nganda zitunganya ibinyampeke, uduce duto dushobora gushya cyane. Terefone zo muri izi nganda zigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yo mu gace ka 21 cyangwa ako mu gace ka 22 yo kwirinda gushya, bisaba gufunga byihariye kugira ngo hirindwe ko umukungugu muto winjira mu miyoboro y'amazi imbere.

Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu mazi no mu gukora amashanyarazi bitera ibindi bintu bibangamira ibidukikije. Sitasiyo z'umuyaga zo mu mazi n'amato yo mu mazi bisaba ibikoresho by'itumanaho bihuza ibyemezo birwanya guturika hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bukabije bw'ikirere. Ibi bikoresho bigomba kwihanganira gupfuka umunyu buri gihe, inyanja nyinshi, no guhura n'imiraba ya UV. Ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, cyane cyane ibikoresha amakara yakuwemo cyangwa bikoresha hydrogen mu gukonjesha amashanyarazi, bisaba uburinzi nk'ubwo bw'ibintu bibiri kugira ngo bikomeze uburyo bw'itumanaho mu gihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi cyangwa gahunda zo kuzimya umuriro mu gihe cy'impanuka.

Imiterere y'imikorere n'ibyago byo gutwika bituma abantu bakenera

Imiterere yihariye y'imikorere n'imiterere y'ibyago byo gutwika ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigenderwaho mu guhitamo ibikoresho by'itumanaho bikwiye. Abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bagomba gusuzuma itsinda ryihariye rya gazi, icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe, n'uburyo bukenewe bwo kurinda igikoresho kugira ngo gihuze n'ibyago bibangamira ibidukikije.

Iyi mibare y’ibyago igena imiterere ya terefone n’amashanyarazi. Urugero, igikoresho gishyirwa mu gace gatunganyirizwamo hydrogen mu mazi ntikigomba kugira amanota akomeye ya IIC gaze gusa, ahubwo kigomba no kugira ikimenyetso cya IP67 kirwanya indege z’amazi zishyushye cyane n’amazi agwa mu mazi, bigatuma hakenerwa ibikoresho byihariye kandi byemewe n’amategeko.

Ibintu bya tekiniki n'ibyubahirizwa bigomba gusuzumwa

Gusuzuma telefoni idaturika bisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibipimo byayo bya tekiniki n’amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ryayo. Abaguzi b’inganda bagomba guhuza imiterere y’aho ifungirwa, ibyemezo by’akarere, n’amabwiriza y’itumanaho ashingiyeho n’imiterere y’inyubako zayo.

Gushyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga no kurinda ahantu hafungirwa

Ishingiro rya telefoni iyo ari yo yose idaturika ni agace kayo, ari na ko gagena imiterere y’agace kayo kangiza. Ibikoresho muri rusange bishyirwa mu byiciro bya Zone 0, 1, cyangwa 2 (ku bijyanye n’imyuka) na Zone 20, 21, cyangwa 22 (ku bijyanye n’umukungugu), bitewe n’inshuro n’igihe byamaze. Telefoni nyinshi zo mu nganda zagenewe gushyirwa mu gace ka 1 cyangwa ka 2, zikoresha uduce tudaturika (Ex d) dushobora gushyiramo iturika ry’imbere ritabanje kohereza umuriro mu kirere cyo hanze, cyangwa kongera imiterere y’umutekano (Ex e) ibuza ibishashi by’umuriro burundu.

Uburinzi bw'agakingirizo bunagera no ku burambe bwa mekanike. Ibikoresho bipimwa kugira ngo birebe niba bidashobora gutsindwa n'inkongi, akenshi bisaba amanota ya IK10 kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira gukubitwa n'ibikoresho biremereye cyangwa imyanda igwa. Ibikoresho nka aluminiyumu idafite umuringa cyangwa GRP ikomeye bitoranywa atari ukubera imiterere yabyo gusa, ahubwo no ku bw'imiterere yabyo irwanya imihindagurikire, bigatuma umukoresha uhanagura telefoni adasohora amashanyarazi ashobora kuba isoko y'umuriro.

Impamyabumenyi, amahame, n'ibisabwa mu rwego rw'akarere mu kubahiriza amategeko

Gukwirakwiza ibikoresho birwanya ibisasu ku isi bigengwa n’imiterere y’ibipimo by’akarere bitandukanye. Mu Burayi,amabwiriza ya ATEXni itegeko rikomeye riteganywa n'amategeko, mu gihe imishinga mpuzamahanga muri rusange ikurikiza gahunda yo gutanga icyemezo cya IECEx. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, amahame ya UL na CSA ategeka ko hubahirizwa sisitemu ya Class and Division. Telefoni ihendutse idashobora guturika akenshi iba ifite ibyemezo bibiri cyangwa bitatu kugira ngo yemererwe kugura ibintu bisanzwe ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ubushyuhe ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko gikunze kwirengagizwa. Ibikoresho bihabwa amanota kuva kuri T1 kugeza kuri T6 hashingiwe ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bw'ubuso bwabyo mu gihe hari ikibazo. Igipimo cya T6 ni cyo gikomeye cyane, cyemeza ko ubuso bwo hanze bwa telefoni butazigera burenga 85°C. Ibi ni ngombwa iyo ukorera ahantu hari imyuka ifite ubushyuhe buke cyane, nka disulfide ya karubone.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya Analog vs VoIP n'uburyo bwo gukoresha insinga ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gukoresha insinga ukoresheje insinga

Guhitamo hagati y’ibikorwa remezo bya kera bya analog na VoIP bigezweho bihindura cyane ubushobozi bwa tekiniki bwo gukoresha. Telefoni za analog ziracyari nyinshi kubera ko zoroshye kandi zishobora gukora ku bikorwa remezo by’umuringa bifite insinga ebyiri, bikurura ingufu zisanzwe za 48V DC zituruka kuri PBX. Ariko, nta bushobozi bwo gusuzuma buhanitse kandi zishobora kwangizwa n’urusaku rw’umurongo mu ntera ndende.

Terefone za VoIP (SIP) zikoreshwa mu buryo bugezweho, zikoresha ibikorwa remezo bya Ethernet na Power over Ethernet (PoE). Ibikoresho bya VoIP bitanga ireme ry'amajwi, uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakuru kuri interineti ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi bihuza neza na sisitemu zigezweho z'itumanaho.

Ibikoresho bidaturika birimo kuzamuka ku isoko, bikoresha bateri zitekanye ndetse na antene zihariye. Nubwo bitanga ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza, ibikoresho bitagira umugozi bifite imbogamizi zikomeye ku bushobozi bwa bateri kugira ngo bigumane icyemezo cyabyo cya Ex, akenshi bigabanya igihe cyo kuvugana kidashira amasaha 8 kugeza kuri 12, ibi bikaba bisaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gusharija bushingiye ku gusimbuka.

Gutanga, Gushaka, no Gutegura Ingengabihe y'Ubuzima

Gushaka no gushyiramo telefoni zirinda guturika ni igikorwa kigoye cyo gukoresha ibikoresho gisaba igenamigambi ryimbitse. Kuva ku isuzuma ry’ibanze ry’amajwi kugeza ku ngamba zo kubungabunga igihe kirekire, imicungire y’ibihe byose by’izi terefone igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano ndetse no ku mafaranga yose akoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ingenzi.

Isuzuma ry'aho ibintu biherereye n'intambwe zo kwemeza abacuruzi

Mbere yuko igikoresho kimwe gitumizwa, hagomba gukorwa ubushakashatsi burambuye ku hantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga ndetse n’imbogamizi z’amajwi ku bidukikije. Urusaku rwo mu nganda zikomeye rukunze kurenga 90 dB, bigatuma terefone zisanzwe zikoresha telefoni n’amatelefone zigendanwa zitagira icyo zikora. Ubushakashatsi ku hantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hakenewe ibikoresho by’inyongera, nk’amatara yo hanze adaturika n’amahoni ashobora gutanga umuvuduko wa dB urenze 110, ndetse na mikoro zikuraho urusaku zishyizwe muri terefone.

Impamyabushobozi y'umucuruzi nayo ni ingenzi cyane. Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura ko uruganda rufite ibyemezo byemewe kandi bishobora kugenzurwa by'ubuziranenge (nk'ibiISO 9001n'amatangazo yihariye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa ATEX). Bitewe n'imiterere yihariye y'ibi bikoresho, abacuruzi bakunze gushyira mu bikorwa umubare muto w'ibikoresho (MOQs) ku miterere yihariye, kandi abaguzi bagomba kwitega igihe gisanzwe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa kuva ku byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 12. Guha umucuruzi umucuruzi umuhuza w'ibikoresho bikomeye n'igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo busobanutse ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda mu gutangira gukora.

Igiciro cyose cy'umutungo, ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, n'igenamigambi ryo kubungabunga

Igiciro cy'Ubutunzi (TCO) kuri telefoni idapfa guturika kirenze kure igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura, ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya $800 na $2,500 kuri buri gikoresho bitewe n'ibyemezo na porogaramu za IP. Ibigo bigomba guteganya ingengo y'imari yo gushyiraho ibikoresho byihariye, bisaba ibikoresho byemewe bya Ex-gland, insinga z'uburinzi, n'abakozi bahuguwe cyane kugira ngo barebe ko ubuziranenge bw'ibizingo bidapfa guturika bugumana ubuziranenge mu gihe cyo gushyiraho.

Igenamigambi ryo kubungabunga no kubika ibikoresho by'inyongera ni ingenzi mu kugenzura Opex y'igihe kirekire. Nubwo ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'ibanze byizewe cyane, ibice byo hanze birangirika. Ibikoresho bigomba kugira ibikoresho byo mu rugo bishobora gukoreshwa, cyane cyane insinga za terefone zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "armored"—zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura nibura ibiro 1.000—no gusimbuza utundi duce two mu matwi. Gushyiraho gahunda yo kubungabunga ikubiyemo kugenzura buri gihe ibifunga byo mu nzu no kugenzura imbaraga z'ibyuma bifunga, bizatuma ubuzima bw'ibikoresho bukomeza kwiyongera mu myaka icumi ishize.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo Terefone ikwiye irinda guturika

Guhitamo telefoni nziza idaturika bisaba kuringaniza amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano hamwe n’ingengo y’imari ikoreshwa neza ndetse n’iy’amasoko. Uburyo buhamye butuma ibikoresho byatoranijwe bitanyura gusa mu igenzura ry’amategeko ahubwo bikanakora neza mu gihe cy’ibibazo bikomeye.

Guhuza imikorere y'ibikoresho n'ibikenewe mu mutekano no mu kugura

Guhuza imiterere y'igikoresho n'ibikenewe mu mutekano bikubiyemo kureba kure y'icyemezo cy'ibanze cya Ex. Urugero, mu duce abakozi bambara uturindantoki twinshi, uturindantoki tunini, dukozwe mu cyuma cyangwa imirongo ya telefoni ihamagara (terefone zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zidafite uturindantoki) ni ngombwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe vuba.Itumanaho ryuzuye rya duplexIkindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ko impande zombi zishobora kuvuga no kumvikana icyarimwe nta gukata bifitanye isano na sisitemu ya kabiri.

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kandi gusuzuma imiterere y’igikoresho gishyirwa hamwe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu za telefoni zirinda guturika
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni izihe nganda zikunze gukenera telefoni zirinda guturika?

Ibikoresho bikora peteroli na gaze, peteroli, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya imiti, ibyo mu mazi, amashanyarazi, n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibinyampeke cyangwa ivumbi nibyo bikenera cyane bitewe n'imyuka itwika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya.

Kuki telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zidashobora gukoreshwa mu turere dufite akaga?

Telefoni zisanzwe zishobora gutera ibishashi cyangwa ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo guhamagara cyangwa guhinduranya. Ibyuma bidashobora guturika bikoresha udukingirizo dufunze cyangwa uduce twizewe mu buryo busanzwe kugira ngo hirindwe umuriro mu bice byashyizwemo.

Ni ibihe byangombwa ngomba kugenzura mbere yo guhitamo telefoni idaturika?

Huza telefoni n'urwego rw'urubuga rwawe hanyuma ushake ibyangombwa nka ATEX, CE, FCC, ROHS, n'ubuziranenge bw'inganda bushyigikiwe na ISO9001. Buri gihe banza wemeze ko Zone cyangwa Division ikwiriye.

Ese telefoni zirinda guturika zishobora gushyigikira sisitemu zigezweho za VoIP?

Yego. Moderi nyinshi zishyigikira IP PBX/VoIP, zemerera gukurikirana ubuzima, kumenya amakosa vuba, no guhuza na paging cyangwa sisitemu zihutirwa zo gutangaza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse.

Ni gute Siniwo yafasha mu mishinga y'itumanaho rishobora guteza akaga mu turere duteje akaga?

Siniwo itanga ubufasha bushoboka kuva ku gushushanya no guhuza ibikoresho kugeza ku gushyiraho no kubungabunga ibikoresho, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidashobora guturika, birwanya ikirere, ndetse n'ibijyanye n'ubutabazi bikoreshwa mu bihugu birenga 70.