Sisitemu 10 za Terefone zihutirwa mu mutekano w'inganda

Intangiriro

Mu nganda, telefoni zihutirwa si ibikoresho byo kwifashisha gusa; ni urwego rw'ingenzi rw'umutekano iyo urusaku, intera, imimerere iteje akaga, cyangwa ikibazo cy'umuyoboro w'itumanaho gituma itumanaho risanzwe ritagenda neza. Sisitemu ikwiye ishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gusubiza, igashyigikira kubahiriza amategeko, kandi igaha abakozi uburyo busobanutse kandi bwizewe bwo gutanga raporo ku bibazo igihe cyose bibaye. Iyi nkuru isuzuma sisitemu icumi za telefoni zihutirwa zikoreshwa mu nganda, hibandwa ku kuramba, guhuza, guhuza ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, n'ibikenewe mu kohereza, bityo abasomyi bashobora kugereranya amahitamo neza no kumenya ubwoko bujyanye neza n'ibyago by'urubuga rwabo.

Impamvu guhitamo telefoni mu buryo bwihutirwa ari ingenzi mu mutekano w'inganda

Mu nganda zikomeye, imiyoboro y'itumanaho ryihutirwa ni yo shingiro ry'amabwiriza agenga impanuka no kubungabunga ubuzima. Kwishingikiriza gusa ku bikoresho bigendanwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi cyangwa radiyo zisanzwe zikoresha inzira ebyiri bitera ibyago bidakwiye, cyane cyane mu bidukikije bifite ibimenyetso bidahagije cyangwa ikirere giturika. Terefone zihutirwa zo mu nganda zitanga umuyoboro ukomeye kandi wihariye w'itumanaho utuma amakuru y'ingenzi agera ku bigo bigenzura nta kabuza.

Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa zubatswe ku bushake bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ingaruka nziza z'impanuka. Mu gushyiraho ahantu hahoraho kandi hagaragara neza, ibikoresho bishobora kunyura mu miyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa zicucitse kandi bigatanga icyizere cyo kubona abashinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse, bigahindura cyane inzira y'impanuka zo mu nganda.

Uburyo telefoni zihutirwa zigabanya igihe cyo gutabara n'igihe cyo kubura akazi

Iyo habayeho impanuka, buri segonda ritakaye rirushaho kwiyongera ingaruka ku bakozi ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Terefone zikoresha ubutabazi bwihuse zigabanya gutinda k'itumanaho binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bwo guhamagara cyangwa imirongo ihuza uhamagaye ako kanya n'ishami rishinzwe umutekano cyangwa serivisi zihutirwa. Ubu buryo bwo guhita bugabanya igihe cyo gutangira gukoresha telefoni kugeza munsi y'amasegonda 5, ugereranije n'amasegonda 30 kugeza kuri 60 akunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo ufungure terefone igendanwa, ubone ikimenyetso, kandi uhamagare inomero.

Byongeye kandi, iri tumanaho ryihuse rigabanya cyane igihe cyo kudakora. Binyuze mu gutanga amakuru yihuse ku byamenetse ku bikoresho biteje akaga, imikorere mibi y’imashini, cyangwa inkongi z’umuriro, amatsinda ashinzwe gusubiza vuba ashobora gukumira impanuka mbere yuko zikomeza guhagarara mu nganda zose. Ingaruka z’amafaranga zo gukumira n’isaha imwe y’igihe cyo kudakora kitateganijwe mu nganda nini zishobora gutuma ishoramari muriumuyoboro wa interineti wuzuye w’ubutabazi bwihutirwa.

Ni izihe nganda zikeneye cyane kurusha izindi

Si uturere twose tw’inganda dukenera urwego rumwe rw’ibikorwa remezo by’itumanaho, ariko ibidukikije bimwe na bimwe bisaba telefoni ikomeye yihutirwa bitewe n’ibiza bikomeye mu mikorere. Imbuga za peteroli na gaze zo mu mazi,ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro munsi y'ubutaka, kandi inganda zitunganya peteroli ni zo zigomba kugaragara cyane. Aha hantu hakunze kugira urusaku rwo mu kirere rurenga 110 dB, bigasaba telefoni zifite mikoro zikuraho urusaku n'amajwi akoreshwa mu gusohora amajwi kugira ngo ijwi rirusheho kuba ryiza.

Byongeye kandi, inyubako nk'imihanda minini, imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi, n'inganda zikora ibyuma biremereye bisaba ahantu hagenewe gutabara. Muri izi nzego, kubahiriza gahunda mpuzamahanga z'umutekano, akenshi biyoborwa n'inzego nkaUmuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO), isaba ibikoresho by'itumanaho bishobora kwihanganira imihindagurikire ikabije, ivumbi ryangiza, n'ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ubushyuhe mu gihe bikomeza gukora neza.

Ni iki gisobanura telefoni y'ubutabazi ikora neza cyane

Terefone ikora neza cyane igaragazwa n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora neza mu bihe bibi cyane by'ibidukikije. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho by'ubucuruzi, inganda zikora ibikoresho byibanda ku kudashobora kubaho, zikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byihariye byo imbere.

Gusuzuma ibi bikoresho bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ibipimo byabyo bya tekiniki. Kuva ku bushyuhe bukabije kugeza ku burwanyi bw'ingaruka, imiterere ya telefoni yihutirwa ni yo igena ko ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda runaka ndetse n'igihe giteganijwe hagati y'ibihe byangiritse (MTBF), cyagombye kurenza amasaha 50.000.

Ni ibihe bipimo by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibidukikije by'ingenzi kurusha ibindi

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki ya telefoni yihutirwa bishingira ku buryo amajwi asobanutse neza, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije, no kuramba kwayo. Ingano y'ubushyuhe ikoreshwa ni igipimo cy'ingenzi; igikoresho nyacyo cyo mu rwego rw'inganda kigomba gukora neza hagati ya -40°C na +70°C. Ibi bituma igikoresho kidacika mu gihe cy'ubukonje bwinshi mu kigo cy'ubucukuzi cya kure cyangwa munsi y'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'uruganda rw'ibyuma.

Kuramba kw'umubiri ni ingenzi cyane. Imiterere myiza cyane ifite udukingirizo twubatswe mu cyuma gikonje, aluminiyumu, cyangwa pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu byuma by'ikirahure (GFRP). Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe, akenshi buhabwa amanota ya IK10, bivuze ko agakingirizo gashobora kwihanganira ingaruka za 20-joule katabangamiye imiyoboro y'imbere. Amabara agaragara cyane, nka RAL 1028 Yellow cyangwa RAL 3000 Red, ni ibipimo bisanzwe byo kwemeza ko byamenyekana vuba mu gihe cy'ibibazo.

Uburyo amanota ya IP, ibyemezo by'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, n'uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu bitandukanye

Isuzuma ry’Uburinzi bw’Ingress (IP) n’impamyabushobozi z’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga ni byo bintu by’ingenzi bitandukanya terefone zo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Isuzuma rya IP66 muri rusange ni ryo shingiro rya telefoni zo hanze, ritanga uburinzi bwuzuye ku mukungugu n’indege zikomeye zo mu mazi. Ariko, ibidukikije byo mu mazi cyangwa ahantu hakunze kuba imyuzure cyane bishobora gusaba ibikoresho bifite IP67 bishobora kurokoka mu gihe gito cyo kwibira mu mazi.

Ibirere biturika bisaba ibyangombwa bikomeye nka ATEX cyangwa IECEx. Terefone zikoreshwa mu bice biteje akaga bya Zone 1 cyangwa Zone 2 zigomba kuba zifite umutekano mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa zigashyirwa mu biziriko bizimya umuriro kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibishashi by'amashanyarazi byangiza imyuka yo mu kirere. Amahitamo y'ingufu nayo aratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ibikorwa remezo. Nubwo telefoni zisanzwe zikoresha uburyo bwa analog zikura umuriro mu buryo butaziguye kuri telefoni, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) igezweho ikoresha Power over Ethernet (PoE), ikoresha insinga zisanzwe za 48V DC ku muyoboro w'itumanaho. Ku bikoresho biri kure cyane, ibikoresho bya GSM/4G bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bifite batiri zo mu nzu bitanga igisubizo cy'umuyoboro nta nkomyi.

Uburyo sisitemu za telefoni zigezweho zigereranywa

Guhitamo sisitemu ikwiye bisaba kugereranya ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n'uburyo buyoboye isoko muri iki gihe. Sisitemu za telefoni zigezweho zo mu gihe cy'ubutabazi ntabwo ari nto; zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe protocole zazo z'itumanaho—SIP, analog, na terefone (GSM/4G/5G)—ndetse n'aho zifungiye.

Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibi byiciro bigereranywa bituma abayobozi b'ibigo bahuza ikoranabuhanga n'ibikorwa remezo basanzweho ndetse n'imiterere yihariye y'ibyago by'aho bakorera.

Ni izihe moderi zijyanye n'ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu nganda

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mu nganda busaba imiterere itandukanye ya telefoni. Urugero, ubucuruzi bunini bwo gucukura munsi y’ubutaka bufite insinga z’umuringa za kera buzafasha cyane sisitemu zikomeye za analog. Izi sisitemu zishobora kohereza ibimenyetso mu ntera ya kilometero 5 hatabayeho gukoresha ibimenyetso bisubiramo, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu bidukikije bifite umuyoboro muremure.

Ku rundi ruhande, uruganda rugezweho rukora ibikoresho byikora rufite ibikorwa remezo bya fiber-optic na Ethernet ruzakoresha telefoni za VoIP zikoresha SIP. Izi moderi zihuza neza nasisitemu za IP PBX zisanzweho, biha uburenganzira bwo gucunga umutekano mu buryo bwikora, kugenzura ubuzima mu buryo bwikora, no guhuza na sisitemu zo gusaba aderesi rusange (PA) na kamera za CCTV kugira ngo umutekano uhuzwe.

Ni ibihe bitandukanyirizo bitandukanya SIP, analog, GSM, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, n'ibiturika

Ubufatanye hagati ya sisitemu za SIP, analog, na GSM bushingiye ku buryo bugoye gushyiramo, kubungabunga no kwizerwa. Sisitemu za analog zizewe cyane kandi ntizishobora gucika intege mu miyoboro y'itumanaho, kuko zikura ingufu mu buryo butaziguye.switch yo hagatiAriko, nta bushobozi bwo gusuzuma indwara bwaba buhagije, bivuze ko amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga agomba gupima buri gice mu buryo bw'umubiri.

Sisitemu za SIP zitanga ibintu byinshi, birimo amajwi ya HD no kwigenzura, zigahita zimenyesha abayobozi ba telefoni niba telefoni igendanwa idakora cyangwa niba umurongo wa interineti uhagaze. Ubufatanye ni ukwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w'amakuru n'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi by'ikigo (binyuze kuri switches za PoE). Telefoni za GSM cyangwa 4G LTE ni zo zikemura ibibazo bikomeye ahantu hatandukanye nko ku nkingi z'imihanda cyangwa imiyoboro yagutse aho insinga zikoreshwa mu gushyiramo insinga zihendutse. Ariko, zisaba gucunga SIM card buri gihe no gukwirakwiza neza telefoni zigendanwa, kandi bateri zazo zo imbere zigomba gukurikiranwa no gusimburwa buri gihe.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya telefoni 10 za mbere zikoreshwa mu gihe cy'ubutabazi

Mu kugereranya telefoni 10 za mbere zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi ku isoko, abaguzi bagomba kuzishyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imbaraga zazo z’ibanze: Weatherproof SIP, Explosion-proof Analog, na Wireless GSM. Moderi za SIP zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi ku rwego rwo hejuru zituruka ku nganda zikomeye ku isi zifite uburyo bwo gukumira urusaku butuma urusaku rudakwirakwira inyuma y’imashini, bigatuma itumanaho rirushaho kuba ryiza.

Moderi zidaturika ziragaragara cyane bitewe n’aho zifungiye aluminium zikomeye hamwe n’ibyemezo bya ATEX/IECEx, akenshi bipima ibiro birenga 10 kugeza kuri 15. Kugereranya izi moderi bisaba gusuzuma igihe cyazo hagati y’igihe cyagenwe (MTBF), ingano y’amajwi (ubusanzwe iri hagati ya 80 dB na 95 dB kuri metero 1), hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza naporogaramu yo gucunga ikoranabuhanga.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho, n'ikiguzi cyose

Gushaka sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa birenze ibipimo bya tekiniki; bisaba isuzuma rikomeye ry’amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, inzitizi zifatika zo gushyiraho, n’ikiguzi cyose cy’ubukode (TCO).

Abaguzi b'inganda bagomba gukoresha uburyo bugoye bw'amahame mpuzamahanga n'ibisabwa ku rubuga runaka kugira ngo barebe ko sisitemu ikoreshwa ikurikiza amategeko, iboneka ku buryo bufatika, kandi ifite akamaro mu bukungu mu gihe cyose iteganyijwe.

Ni ayahe mahame y'umutekano, itumanaho, n'amabwiriza agenga aho ukorera akurikizwa?

Gukurikiza amategeko ntibishobora kuganirwaho mu mutekano w’inganda. Bitewe n’akarere n’inganda, telefoni zikoresha ubutabazi bw’ibanze zigomba kubahiriza amahame akomeye y’itumanaho no kuzikoresha. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, amategeko agenga itumanaho ry’ibanze (ADA) avuga ko ibikoresho by’itumanaho byihutirwa bigomba gushyirwa ku burebure bworoshye, ubusanzwe butarenze santimetero 18 uvuye hasi, kandi bigomba kuba birimo ibintu bifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, nk’ubushobozi bwo gukurura abantu.

Mu rwego rwa gari ya moshi, ibikoresho bigomba kuzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN 50121 kugira ngo amashanyarazi ahuze neza kugira ngo imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ifite ingufu nyinshi idahungabanya itumanaho ryihutirwa. Ku isi yose, imishinga y’ibikorwa remezo iterwa inkunga n’ibigo nkaBanki y'Isiakenshi bisaba kubahiriza cyane amahame mpuzamahanga y’umutekano n’ibidukikije, bigatuma abaguzi bahitamo ibikoresho bifite icyemezo cya CE, FCC, na RoHS byemewe.

Ni iki giteza imbere gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo, guhuza no kubungabunga ibintu

Gushyira hamwe no gushyira hamwe neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umuyoboro wa telefoni wihutirwa urusheho gukoreshwa. Terefone zigomba gushyirwaho mu byiciro by'ingenzi—akenshi buri metero 50 kugeza kuri 150 mu tunnel cyangwa ku mikandara itwara abantu—kugira ngo abakozi batarenga amasegonda make uvuye aho itumanaho riherereye.

Guhuza ibikoresho bigezweho binoza cyane imikorere yo kubungabunga. Telefoni zigezweho za SIP zikoresha uburyo bwo kwisuzuma bwikora bupima mikoro, indangururamajwi, n'umuyoboro w'itumanaho mu gihe cyagenwe. Ubu bushobozi bushobora kugabanya igenzura ry'imikorere y'ibikoresho kugeza kuri 80%, bigatuma amashami ashinzwe imicungire y'ibikoresho arushaho gukora neza mu gihe habayeho ikibazo.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ikiguzi cyo kugura, gushyiraho, n'igihe cyo kubaho

Gusuzuma ikiguzi cyose bisaba kurenza igihe cyo kugura ibikoresho bya mbere. Telefoni isanzwe ya analog ishobora kugira ikiguzi gito cy'igishoro (CAPEX) hagati ya $300 na $500 kuri buri gikoresho, ariko ikiguzi cyo gucukura no gushyira insinga z'umuringa mu nyubako nini gishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya mbere.

Ku rundi ruhande, nubwo telefoni ya SIP ifite icyemezo cya ATEX gikomeye ishobora kugura hagati y’amadolari 1.000 na 2.500 kuri buri gice, ishobora gukoresha ibikorwa remezo bya Ethernet bihari, bigabanura cyane amafaranga yo kuyishyiraho. Amafaranga y’ubuzima (OPEX) agomba kandi kubarwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15, hashingiwe ku gutanga uburenganzira bwo gukoresha porogaramu za mudasobwa ku buryo busanzwe bwo gucunga, ibice bisimbura ibice nk’imigozi ya terefone, n’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi rihoraho.

Uburyo Amatsinda y'Inganda Ashobora Guhitamo Terefone Ikwiye yo Gutabara mu Buryo bw'Ibanze

Guhitamo burundu sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ntibigomba gukorwa mu buryo bworoshye. Bisaba uburyo bw'ubufatanye buhuza ibyo abakozi bakeneye byihutirwa mu mutekano wabo n'ibikorwa remezo by'ikigo ndetse n'ibibazo by'amafaranga by'ikigo.

Mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhitamo bufite gahunda, amakipe y’inganda ashobora guca imanza zo kwamamaza no gushyiraho umuyoboro w’itumanaho utuma by’ukuri umutekano w’aho hantu urushaho kwiyongera.

Uburyo amakipe ashinzwe umutekano, ubwubatsi, n'amasoko agomba guhuza

Guhuza imikorere n'imikorere ni inkingi ikomeye y'uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko bugira ingaruka nziza. Amatsinda y'umutekano n'ubuzima, umutekano n'ibidukikije (HSE) agomba gushyiraho ibisabwa mu mikorere, nko gukenera gukoresha intoki, ama-activation hoods ku nkuta z'urusaku rwa 110 dB, cyangwa ama-strobe agaragara cyane. Igipimo cy'ingenzi cyabo ni ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'impanuka.

Amatsinda y’ubwubatsi n’ikoranabuhanga agomba kwemeza ibi bisabwa hakurikijwe ibikorwa remezo by’ikigo. Basuzuma niba umuyoboro ushobora gushyigikira itumanaho rya SIP, niba swichi za PoE zifite ingengo y’imari ihagije y’amashanyarazi, n’uburyo ibikoresho bishya bizahuzwa na PBX yo hagati. Hanyuma, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko yemeza ko abacuruzi batoranyijwe bujuje amabwiriza y’imari, basuzuma amasezerano y’ingwate, igihe cyo kwishyura, n’ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga kugira ngo hamenyekane agaciro ntarengwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhitamo bufasha kugereranya abacuruzi no kwemeza imikorere

Kugira ngo bagereranye abacuruzi mu buryo buboneye, ibigo bigomba gukoresha uburyo bwo guhitamo bugizwe n'ibyiciro byinshi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo guhamagara telefoni yihutirwa
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki ukoresha telefoni yihutirwa yo mu nganda aho gukoresha telefoni igendanwa?

Terefone z’inganda zishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze zitanga umurongo udahinduka kandi uhora uboneka, akenshi uhita uhamagara mu masegonda 5. Zikora neza kandi ahantu hatagira urusaku, kure, cyangwa hatagaragara ibimenyetso.

Ni izihe mbuga zikenera telefoni zihutirwa kurusha izindi?

Ahantu hashobora guterwa n’impanuka nko mu birombe, mu nganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro, mu nyubako zo mu mazi, mu mihanda ya gari ya moshi, mu nganda ziremereye, n’inganda ziremereye ni byo bifitiye akamaro kanini, cyane cyane aho urusaku, ivumbi, kunyiganyiga, cyangwa ikirere kibi bishobora kubangamira itumanaho risanzwe.

Ni iyihe karita ya IP ya telefoni yo hanze ikeneye gupimwa mu gihe cy'impanuka?

IP66 ni ngombwa cyane ku nganda nyinshi zo hanze. Hitamo IP67 niba igikoresho gishobora guhura n'umwuzure, amazi akagwa cyangwa amazi akarohama by'agateganyo.

Ni ryari telefoni zihutirwa zemejwe na ATEX cyangwa IECEx zikenewe?

Koresha moderi za ATEX cyangwa IECEx ahantu hashobora guturika cyangwa gushya, nko mu nganda zikora peteroli, ahantu hafite gaze, cyangwa ahantu hashobora kwangiza ivumbi. Icyemezo kigomba guhuza n'uburyo aha hantu hashyirwa impanuka.

Ni hehe nabona serivisi zo guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa mu nganda ziturutse i Siniwo?

Ushobora gushakisha ibisubizo byihutirwa by'itumanaho rya Siniwo n'umutekano w'inganda kuri siniwo.com, harimo amahitamo yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ibidukikije bikomeye, n'ibisabwa ku mishinga yihariye.