Uburyo 10 bwiza bwo gukoresha terefone zikoreshwa mu nganda zitagira amazi mu bidukikije bikomeye

Intangiriro

Mu bigo aho amazi, umukungugu, kuzunguruka no kwangirika ari ibintu bisanzwe, ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigomba gukomeza kuba inyangamugayo mu gihe bishobora guhagarika ibikoresho bisanzwe. Terefone zo mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda zidashobora kwangirika zubatswe kubera iyo nshingano, zishyigikira ubutabazi bwihutirwa, guhuza ibikorwa bya buri munsi, no kubahiriza amategeko ahantu nka za firigo, imiyoboro y'amazi, ibyambu, n'imbuga zo mu nyanja. Iyi ngingo igaragaza uburyo icumi bufatika izi telefoni zikoreshwa mu bintu bikomeye, igaragaza aho zitanga agaciro kanini, uburyo zigabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza n'ingaruka z'umutekano, n'impamvu imiterere yazo ari ingenzi mu gihe itumanaho ry'amajwi ritagize icyo rigeraho ari kimwe mu bikorwa by'ingenzi.

Impamvu terefone zo mu nganda zitagira amazi zikenewe

Terefone zikoreshwa mu nganda zitagira amazi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikorwa remezo mu bigo aho ibikoresho bisanzwe by'itumanaho ry'ubucuruzi byahita byangirika. Mu bidukikije birangwa n'ubushuhe bwinshi, ivumbi n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, gukomeza itumanaho ry'amajwi si ikibazo cyo koroshya gusa ahubwo ni itegeko rikomeye ry'amategeko n'umutekano. Izi terefone zihariye zigabanya icyuho kiri hagati y'abakozi n'uburyo bwo kugenzura, zikerekana ko amabwiriza yihutirwa ashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa nta gutinda kw'ikoranabuhanga.

Ubuhanga bwiganjemo ibi bikoresho bwibanda ku gutandukanya ibice by’amajwi n’iby’ikoranabuhanga bikuramo ibintu byo hanze bikaze. Bikoresheje udukingirizo dufunze neza, amabati yacapwe akozwe mu buryo bwa "conformal-coated circuit boards" (PCBs), n’uturemangingo twabugenewe tw’amajwi, abakora ibikoresho bakora ibikoresho bishobora gukomeza imikorere myiza mu nganda zikomeye ku isi.

Uburyo bigabanya ibyago byo gukora

Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutumanaho buhamye bifitanye isano itaziguye no kugabanya ibyago bikomeye mu mikorere. Mu nzego nko gucukura mu mazi cyangwa gutunganya peteroli, ikiguzi cyo gukora akazi katateganijwe gishobora kurenza $10.000 kugeza $50.000 ku isaha. Iyo habayeho ikibazo, ubushobozi bwo kuvugana ako kanya n'icyumba cyo kugenzura bushobora gukumira ikosa rito rya mekanike rigatuma ikigo cyose gifunga.

Byongeye kandi, ibi bikoresho bifite igihe cyo hagati y’igihe cyo gutsindwa (MTBF) gikunze kurenza amasaha 50.000, ugereranyije n’igihe cy’amasaha 10.000 cya telefoni zisanzwe zo mu biro by’ubucuruzi. Uku kwizerwa gutuma igihe cyo gutabara mu gihe cy’ubutabazi gikomeza kuba gito, bikagabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa abakozi no kwangiza ibidukikije mu gihe cy’impanuka zikomeye.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingenzi by'imikorere n'amanota ya IP

Imikorere y'ibanze ya telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda idakoresha amazi igenwa n'igipimo cyayo cyo kwirinda kwinjira (IP). Kugira ngo ibikoresho bishyirwe mu cyiciro cy'inganda kandi bidakoresha amazi, bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa IP66, ibi bikaba bitanga uburinzi bwuzuye ku ivumbi ryinjira no kurwanya inyanja nini cyangwa amazi menshi. Modele nyinshi zo ku rwego rwo hejuru zigira igipimo cya IP67, bigatuma habahokwibira by'agateganyo mu mazi agera kuri metero 1mu gihe cy'iminota 30 nta kwangirika kw'imikorere.

Uretse ubushuhe n'umukungugu, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere. Telefoni zo mu nganda zakozwe kugira ngo zikore buri gihe mu bushyuhe bukabije, ubusanzwe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza +70°C (-40°F kugeza 158°F). Ubu bushyuhe bunini, bukunze guhuzwa n'ibyemezo bya NEMA 4X ku masoko yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, butuma ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu nzu bidatwarwa n'ubushyuhe, ubukonje, cyangwa ubushyuhe.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki byo kugereranya ingero

Gusuzuma telefoni z’inganda zidapfa amazi bisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’uburambe bwazo mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’imiterere y’itumanaho ryazo. Abahanga mu by’amasoko bagomba gupima ubushobozi bw’aho zifungiye ugereranije n’ubushobozi bwa tekiniki bw’inganda kugira ngo barebe ko zihuzwa neza n’ibikorwa remezo by’inganda zisanzweho.

Ibipimo bya IP, kurwanya ingese, no kurinda ingaruka

Nubwo amanota ya IP agenga ubushuhe n'umukungugu, uburinzi bw'ingaruka bupimirwa ku gipimo cya IK. Telefoni yo mu nganda nziza cyane isanzwe ifite amanota ya IK09 cyangwa IK10, bivuze ko agace gashobora kwihanganira ingaruka za kinetic za Joules 10 kugeza kuri 20—bingana n'uburemere bwa kg 5 bwamanutse kuva kuri mm 400. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu bidukikije aho ibikoresho byamanutse cyangwa imashini zigenda zitera ikibazo gihoraho.

Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe buterwa ahanini n'uburyo ibikoresho bitoranywa. Polyester Ikomeye y'Ikirahure (GRP) itanga ubudahangarwa bwuzuye ku bushyuhe bw'ibinyabutabire kandi ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bidukikije birimo aside. Ku rundi ruhande, Stainless Steel 316L itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe za mekanike kandi ni yo ngamba ya zahabu ku bidukikije byo mu mazi aho umunyu wihutisha ogisijeni. Udukingirizo twa aluminiyumu dutanga ahantu ho hagati, dutanga ubudahangarwa bwinshi ku buremere buke, mu gihe dukoreshejwe ifu ya epoxy yo hanze.

Kugereranya Analog, VoIP, na SIP

Guhitamo protocole y'itumanaho bigena ibikorwa remezo byo gushyira insinga, ibisabwa mu gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, n'ubushobozi bwo guhuza umuyoboro wa telefoni.

Sisitemu za analogi zikomeje kuba ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho binini aho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi irenga metero 100 z'umurongo usanzwe wa Ethernet, ikoresha umuringa wijimye kugira ngo igere ku ntera igera kuri metero 5.000. Ariko, moderi za VoIP na SIP ziri kwihuta mu gushyiraho ibikoresho bishya. Binyuze mu gukoresha amabwiriza ya Power over Ethernet (PoE) nka IEEE 802.3af, ibi bikoresho bisaba umugozi umwe gusa ku makuru n'ingufu, byoroshya ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo kandi bigafasha ibintu bigezweho nko kugenzura ubuzima mu buryo bwikora.

Ibintu byo gushyiramo, kubungabunga no guhuza

Igiciro cyose cy’umutungo kigizweho ingaruka cyane n’ibintu byo kuwushyiraho no kuwubungabunga. Ibikoresho byakozwe bifite uburyo bwo gusana icyuma gipima igihe gito (MTTR)—akenshi bifite ibyuma bifasha mu gusana icyuma n’ibisuguti—bituma abatekinisiye basimbura ibice by’imbere mu gihe kitarenze iminota 15 badakuyemo agace kose ku rukuta cyangwa ku nkingi.

Ibintu byo guhuza birimo ubushobozi bwo gucunga umuyoboro wa interineti. Telefoni zigezweho zikoresha SIP zidakoresha amazigushyigikira Porotokole yo Gucunga Umuyoboro woroshye(SNMP v2/v3), biha amashami y’ikoranabuhanga ubushobozi bwo gupina igikoresho, kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa terefone, no kugenzura imikorere ya mikoro ari kure. Ibi bikuraho gukenera ibizamini byakozwe n'intoki kandi bifatika mu nganda nini.

Ikoreshwa Risanzwe mu Bidukikije Bikomeye

Terefone zo mu nganda zikoreshwa mu buryo buzimya amazi zishyirwa mu nzego aho imikorere isanzwe y’ubucuruzi ishobora guhura n’ingaruka mbi z’impanuka. Ibintu byihariye bibangamira ibidukikije bya buri nganda bigena imiterere ikenewe, kuva ku kunoza amajwi kugeza ku byangombwa by’umutekano.

Ikoreshwa ry'ibipimo mu nganda zikora amabuye y'agaciro, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu nganda zikomeye

In urubuga rwa peteroli na gaze mu mahangaIbikoresho by'itumanaho bihura n'ikibazo gikomeye kiva ku bushyuhe bungana na 95%, igihu cy'umunyu cyangiza, ndetse n'imiraba ikabije ya UV. Aha, uduce tw'umuhondo cyangwa umutuku tubona cyane twakozwe muri GRP cyangwa Stainless Steel 316L ni ngombwa. Mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho bigomba kurokoka uduce duto tw'ibintu biremereye ndetse n'ingufu za methane ziturika zishobora kubaho, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko habaho icyemezo cya ATEX Zone 1 cyangwa Zone 2.

Inganda zikomeye n'inganda zikora ibintu bitandukanye: kubangamira amajwi. Mu nganda zikora ibyuma cyangwa mu nganda zikandagira aho urusaku rw'ikirere ruhora rurenga 110 dB, telefoni zidapfa amazi zigomba kuba zifite mikoro zikuraho urusaku hamwe na amplifiers (ubusanzwe 15W kugeza 30W) zishobora gutwara amahoni yo hanze ya PA. Ibi bituma amajwi yinjira yumvikana kandi ijwi risohoka rigakomeza kumvikana nubwo hari imashini zikikije.

Aho batanga agaciro gakomeye kurusha ahandi

Izi ngaruka zihariye zitanga inyungu nyinshi ku ishoramari mu mishinga y’ibikorwa remezo, nk’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi, imihanda minini, n’ingomero z’amashanyarazi. Mu mihanda minini, telefoni zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi akenshi zigwa mu buryo buvanze n’uduce tw’imyotsi iva mu modoka ndetse n’amazi asukura mu mazi mu mezi 3 kugeza kuri 6.

Mu gushyiraho inganda zifite agaciro ka IP67, inzego zishinzwe gutwara abantu zishobora kongera igihe cy’imikorere y’ibikoresho kugeza ku myaka 10 cyangwa 15. Agaciro kaboneka atari mu kugabanuka kw’amafaranga akoreshwa mu gusimbuza izindi nganda gusa, ahubwo no mu kugabanuka gukomeye kw’ikiguzi cy’abakozi kijyanye no gufunga inzira z’imihanda minini cyangwa inzira za gari ya moshi kugira ngo hakorwe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga.

Guhuza ku kubahiriza amategeko no gushyira mu kato

Guhitamo telefoni nziza idapfa amazi akenshi bikubiyemo guhuza hagati yo kubahiriza amategeko, imiterere y’aho umuntu atuye, n’uburemere bw’aho atuye. Urugero, kugira icyemezo cya ATEX ku bice biteje akaga bisaba ko habaho imikorere itekanye kandi ihamye cyane ituma ibishashi by’imbere bidatwika imyuka yo hanze.

Uru rwego rw'uburinzi rwongeraho ubunini bunini. Telefoni isanzwe ya aluminiyumu idapfa amazi ishobora gupima ibiro bigera kuri 4, bigatuma byoroha kuyishyira ku rukuta rusanzwe cyangwa ku nyubako zoroheje. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, icyuma gipima ubunini cya ATEX, gikozwe muri GRP ikomeye cyangwa icyuma kidapfa, gishobora kurenza ibiro 8 kugeza kuri 10, bikaba ngombwa ko utwuma dukomeye two kuyishyiraho no kuyikomeza aho ishyirwa.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda idakoresha amazi

Kugura telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda idakoresha amazi bikubiyemo ibirenze guhitamo igikoresho gifite amanota menshi ya IP. Abaguzi bagomba guhuza imiterere yabo ya tekiniki n'ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga akarere, imiterere y'imiyoboro isanzweho, n'ukuri kw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza kandi ikurikije amategeko.

Impamyabumenyi n'ibisabwa mu rwego rw'akarere

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibanze y’ibyemezo by’akarere n’iby’inganda. Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikimenyetso cya CE n’iyubahirizwa rya RoHS ni ibisabwa by’ibanze. Ku bidukikije biteje akaga, ibyemezo bya ATEX (Uburayi) cyangwa IECEx (Isi yose) bigena ko ibikoresho bikwiye gukoreshwa mu kirere giturika. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, urutonde rwa UL n’ibipimo bya NEMA (nk’ibya NEMA 4 cyangwa 4X) ni byo bikoreshwa.

Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo mu mazi no mu nyanja, abaguzi bagomba gushaka ibyangombwa by’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho bivuye mu mashyirahamwe yo gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho byo mu mazi nka DNV/GL cyangwa ABS. Gushyira ibikoresho bidafite ibyangombwa muri utu duce tw’ubwishingizi ntibikuraho gusa ubwishingizi ahubwo bishobora gutera ibihano bikomeye by’amategeko no gufunga ibigo mu gihe cy’igenzura ry’umutekano.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo intambwe ku yindi

Uburyo bwo guhitamo bugomba gukurikiza uburyo bunoze, intambwe ku yindi kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa ahenze yo gupima. Ubwa mbere, kora isesengura ry'amajwi ry'aho ushyiramo. Niba urusaku rwo mu kirere rurenze 85 dB, ibisobanuro bigomba kuba birimo urumuri rwo hanze n'ihoni rya kabiri ringer kugira ngo hagaragare neza ko ijwi rigaragara.

Icya kabiri, suzuma ibikorwa remezo by'insinga. Menya niba aho hantu hakenewe uburyo bwa kera bwo guhuza insinga ebyiri cyangwa niba hari ethernet ya Cat5e/Cat6 ihari kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri SIP. Icya gatatu, suzuma niba ingufu zihari. Niba PoE idakora bitewe n'intera iri hagati y'aho iherereye, igikoresho kigomba gushyigikira amashanyarazi ya AC (110V/220V) cyangwa DC (12V/24V/48V), ashobora gusaba imiyoboro itandukanye irinda ikirere.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma abatanga serivisi n'igihe cyo kuzitanga

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma abakora ibicuruzwa, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'umusaruro,kugenzura ubuziranenge, n'igihe cyo gutanga serivisiUmucuruzi w’umuhanga agomba kugaragaza ko afite ikibazo cy’ibikoresho biri munsi ya 0.5% kandi agatanga garanti yuzuye y’igihe cy’amezi 24 kugeza kuri 36.

Igihe cyo gukoresha VoIP gitandukana cyane bitewe n'ibisabwa mu guhindura no kwemeza. Modele zisanzwe za VoIP/SIP zifite amanota ya IP67 asanzwe zitwara igihe cyo gukoresha VoIP kuva ku byumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4. Ariko, modele za ATEX cyangwa utwuma dukenera amabara ya RAL yihariye hamwe n'imiterere ya firmware yihariye bishobora gutuma igihe cyo gukoresha VoIP kigera ku byumweru 8 kugeza kuri 12. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba kugenzura Ingano ntoya zo Gutumiza (MOQs); mu gihe utwuma dusanzwe akenshi tutagira MOQ, utwuma dukoresha amabara yihariye dushobora gusaba MOQ kuva ku utwuma 25 kugeza kuri 50.

Gahunda y'ibyemezo n'ibyifuzo bya nyuma

Kurangiza kugura telefoni zikoreshwa mu nganda zidakoresha amazi bisaba kuringaniza amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ingenzi mbere y’igihe ugereranije n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka mbi z’ibikorwa. Bakoresheje uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo buhamye, abayobozi b’ibigo n’abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bashobora kwemeza ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bihuye neza n’ibisabwa ku bidukikije ndetse n’amabwiriza y’itumanaho y’aho bakorera.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibyemezo byo gushyira imbere ibisabwa

Kugira ngo byoroshye inzira yo gutanga ibisobanuro, abaguzi bashobora gukoresha imbonerahamwe ikurikira y'ibyemezo kugira ngo bahuze imiterere y'aho ibintu bishyirwa n'ibikoresho bikwiye byo gupfunyika hamwe n'ibipimo byo kurinda.

Mu gushyira imbere ibisabwa bishingiye kuri iyi matrix, amashyirahamwe ashobora kwirinda gukoresha ibikoresho birenze urugero mu bidukikije byiza mu gihe agenzura ko byizewe mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi. Urugero, gushora imari mu bikoresho bihenze bya GRP byemewe na ATEX ni ikibazo cy’amafaranga menshi akoreshwa mu bubiko busanzwe bwikora, aho ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bya IP66 byaba bihagije.

Inama za nyuma ku baguzi

Ku bijyanye no kurinda imiyoboro y'itumanaho mu nganda mu gihe kizaza, abaguzi bagomba gushyira imbere cyane protocole za SIP zifunguye kuruta sisitemu za IP zihariye. Guhuza SIP bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukorana na sisitemu za PBX zigezweho nka Cisco, Avaya, cyangwa Asterisk, bikuraho burundu gufunga kw'abagurisha no kugabanya amafaranga y'uruhushya rwa porogaramu z'igihe kirekire.

Byongeye kandi, ku gipimo icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gushyiraho ibikoresho kirenze 20, ni byiza cyane gushyiraho imiterere ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwisuzuma hamwe n'inkunga ya SNMP. Amafaranga yishyurwa mbere kuri ubu bushakashatsi bw'ubwenge agabanuka vuba bitewe no gukuraho amarondo yo kubungabunga intoki, bigatuma ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga ikigo kigabanuka, ariko kandi umutekano wacyo ukarushaho kwiyongera.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi kuri telefoni zikoreshwa mu nganda zitagira amazi
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni hehe terefone zo mu nganda zikoreshwa cyane mu buryo budashobora kuvogerwa n'amazi?

Zikoreshwa cyane mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, peteroli na gaze, ibyambu byo mu mazi, imiyoboro y'amazi, ahubakwa, urubuga rwa gari ya moshi, n'ahantu ho gutabara abantu hashobora guhagarara amazi, ivumbi, n'impanuka zishobora guhagarika telefoni zisanzwe.

Ni iyihe karita ya IP nkwiye guhitamo kuri telefoni y'inganda idakoresha amazi?

Hitamo nibura IP66 ku mukungugu mwinshi n'amazi menshi. Niba bishoboka ko winjira mu mazi by'agateganyo, hitamo IP67 kugira ngo wongere uburinzi mu bice bishobora gukaraba cyangwa ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n'imyuzure.

Ese nkwiye gukoresha telefoni z’inganda zikoresha uburyo bwa analog cyangwa VoIP zidashobora kunyuramo amazi?

Koresha analog ku gukoresha insinga ndende no kuri sisitemu za kera, akenshi kugeza kuri kilometero 5. Hitamo VoIP / SIP ku miyoboro igezweho, ingufu za PoE, kandi byoroshye guhuza na IP PBX na porogaramu zo kugenzura.

Ni gute telefoni z'inganda zitagira amazi za Siniwo zihangana n'ibidukikije bikomeye?

Siniwo ikora telefoni zikomeye zo gukurura ahantu habi kandi hateje akaga, zifite uburyo bwo kwirinda imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kwirinda guturika, ahantu haramba, hamwe n'inkunga yo gushushanya, guhuza, gushyiraho no kubungabunga.

Ni ibihe byangombwa by'ingenzi iyo uguze telefoni y'inganda idakoresha amazi?

Shaka ATEX niba aho hantu hari ibyago byo guturika kw'imyuka cyangwa ivumbi, wongereho CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001 kugira ngo urebe ko hubahirizwa amategeko n'ubuziranenge. Gerageza kandi urebe neza IP ikenewe n'ibipimo by'ingaruka.