Gura Impuzamiryango ya ATEX nziza cyane kuri Sisitemu ya PA y'Impuzamiryango yo mu gace ka Hazardous Area

• Guhitamo indangururamajwi za ATEX bitangirira ku gushyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, ntabwo ari ukureba imbaraga z'amashanyarazi gusa.
• Ku bijyanye na sisitemu za PA mu bimera birimo urusaku, kumva neza imvugo akenshi ni ingenzi kuruta gutanga umusaruro mwinshi.
• Igishushanyo mbonera cyemewe cy’aho hantu, ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho ahantu hakonje, no kuramba kw’ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cy’ubuzima bwose.
• Mbere yo kugura, guhuza ibikoresho n'ingamba zo gutanga amakuru ku nkongi y'umuriro, paging y'impanuka, n'imikorere y'icyumba cyo kugenzura bigomba kugenzurwa.

Guhitamo indangururamajwi za ATEX kuri sisitemu ya PA y’indangururamajwi yo mu gace kangiza ni icyemezo cy’umutekano, si icyemezo cyo kugura amajwi gusa. Mu kirere giturika, ibikoresho bigomba guhuza ibyiciro by’uturere n’igitekerezo cy’uburinzi kijyanye nabyo, kandi sisitemu z’amajwi zo mu nganda zigomba gutanga ubutumwa busobanutse neza mu gihe cy’imikorere nyayo. IEC 60079-0 isobanura ibisabwa rusange ku bikoresho biturika, mu giheIECExnaATEXimiterere ishyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'ibikoresho bikoreshwa ahantu hateje akaga. Kugira ngo itumanaho ribe ryizewe, intego zumvikana zikunze gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo nkaIECibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibipimo by'amajwi by'aho hantu, kuko sisitemu ishobora kugera kuri 110 dB idafite ibisobanuro bihagije ishobora kwangirika mu gihe cy'impanuka.

Icyo ATEX Ivuga Ijwi Igomba Gukora mu Karere Karimo Akaga gashobora Guteza Akaga

Indangururamajwi ya ATEX igomba gukora ibintu bitatu icyarimwe: kubaho ku bidukikije, kubahiriza amategeko agenga ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, no gukomeza kumvikana iyo ahantu habereye urusaku. Urwo ruhurirane niyo mpamvu abaguzi bagomba kwirinda gufata indangururamajwi nk'ihoni risanzwe ryo hanze.

Mu ruganda rutunganya ibinyampeke, uruganda rukora imiti, ikigo gitunganya ibinyampeke, cyangwa ahantu hagenewe gusiga amarangi, indangururamajwi zo mu gace gashobora kuba igice cy’uburyo bwo gutanga amajwi rusange, umuyoboro w’itangazo ry’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, cyangwa sisitemu yo gusohora amakuru. Indangururamajwi igomba gukora mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bisanzwe, ariko igomba no gukomeza kuba iyizerwa mu gihe cy’impanuka nko guhagarika amashanyarazi, guhindagurika kw’ibikorwa, cyangwa urusaku rwinshi rw’inyuma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibibazo by’ingenzi si “Indangururamajwi nini?” ahubwo ni “Ni mu gace akahe gafite icyemezo cyo gukoresha?” na “Ese abakora bashobora gusobanukirwa ubutumwa ku ntera iteganijwe?”

Ku bijyanye n'ibyo, sisitemu nyinshi z'amajwi zo mu nganda zikozwe ku ruhande rw'aho ijwi rigarukira hejuru y'urusaku rwo mu kirere. Niba urusaku rwo mu kirere ari 85 dB (A), ubutumwa bwo gushyira ku rubuga akenshi bukenera umusaruro uhagije wo mu gace n'ubushobozi bwo kumva kugira ngo bukomeze kumvikana hejuru y'urwo rwego, cyane cyane aho imikorere y'imashini ituma urusaku ruhindagurika. Mu butumwa bwihutirwa, gusobanuka ni ingenzi kuruta imbaraga z'ibanze kuko abantu bakeneye gusobanukirwa amabwiriza ako kanya.

Icyemezo cy'Umuvugizi wa ATEX, Uturere, n'Iby'ibanze byo kubahiriza amategeko

Icyemezo ni cyo cy’ingenzi mu kugura sisitemu ya PA y’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi mu gace kagoranye. Hatabayeho icyemezo gikwiye, ndetse n’umuvuduko wubatswe neza ushobora kudakoreshwa aho wagenewe.

Mu rwego rwa ATEX mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ibikoresho byagenewe ikirere giturika bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’ibyago n’uburyo agace gashyirwamo. Ku bijyanye n’imyuka n’umwuka, uturere duhuriweho turimo agace ka 1 n’agace ka 2; ku ivumbi, uturere duhuriramo turimo agace ka 21 n’agace ka 22. Umuguzi agomba guhuza ikimenyetso cy’igikoresho n’ikarita y’ibyago yakozwe n’umuhanga mu by’aho hantu. Uko guhuza ntibishobora kuganirwaho kuko ibikoresho byatoranijwe kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo gushya mu kirere gihari.

Ku mishinga mpuzamahanga, amakipe menshi y’abahanga asuzuma inyandiko za IECEx kuko itanga gahunda izwi cyane yo gusuzuma ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga mu gace gashobora guteza akaga. Inyungu ifatika ku itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko ni iyoroshye: gutungurwa guke mu gihe cyo kugenzura, gutanga akazi, no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Iyo umushinga ukorera mu nganda nyinshi, gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kwemeza ibikoresho mu nganda bigabanya ingorane.

Itegeko rimwe rifatika ni ukubanza kugenzura aho ishyirwa, hanyuma indangururamajwi ikaza nyuma. Iyo aho ishyirwa hashyizwe mu byiciro bitari byo, indangururamajwi ntishobora kugaragazwa neza. Niyo mpamvu amakipe y’abahanga asanzwe asaba ibishushanyo mbonera by’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga mbere yo kugereranya urwego rw’amajwi asohoka.

Uburyo bwo gupima ingano y'umuvuduko wa ATEX kuri sisitemu ya PA y'umuvuduko w'ahantu hateye akaga

Ingano y'indangururamajwi igomba gushingira ku buryo ijwi rikwirakwira n'uburyo risobanutse, ntabwo ishingira ku mubare umwe wa wattage. Ihoni ya 30 W mu buryo bumwe ishobora kurusha iy'indi 100 W mu bundi buryo iyo uburebure bwo kuyishyiraho, inguni ikwirakwira, n'urusaku rw'ikirere bihuye neza.

Ahantu ho gusohora amajwi mu nganda hakozwe n'imashini, imiyoboro y'amazi, inkuta, ibigega, n'ibibuga bifunguye. Ihoni rito rishobora gusohoka kure mu nzira, mu gihe igishushanyo cyagutse gishobora gukora neza mu guteranya cyangwa mu bice bifunguye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaguzi b'inararibonye basaba ko umuvuduko wa dB usohoka ku ntera runaka, hanyuma bakawugereranya n'urusaku rw'aho ukorera. Niba uruganda rufite urusaku rw'inyuma rwa 80 kugeza kuri 90 dB (A), paging igomba gushushanywa hamwe n'inyongera, cyane cyane aho uburyo bwo kurinda amatwi bwambarwa.

Ubushobozi bwo kumva neza imvugo bushobora gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo buboneye nko gupima uburyo bwo kuvuga no gupima aho umuntu akorera. Mu itumanaho ryihutirwa, uburyo ubutumwa busobanutse neza akenshi burafasha kuruta uburyo bworoshye bwo gusobanura ijwi kuko abantu bagomba kumenya amagambo nka "hungisha," "hagarika," cyangwa "teranya" ako kanya.

• Pima urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe cy'umusaruro usanzwe n'igihe cy'impinduka mbi cyane.
• Garagaza aho utega amatwi uri kure cyane n'aho amajwi ashobora kubangamira.
• Garagaza ubwoko bw'ubutumwa bukenewe: paging, integuza, kwimura, cyangwa amabwiriza yo gukora.
• Emeza imbaraga za amplifier, igihombo cy'umurongo, n'uburyo amajwi akoreshwa.
• Gerageza ubushobozi bwo gusesengura nyuma yo gushyiraho, atari mu ruganda gusa.

Mu mishinga myinshi, injeniyeri banagereranya amanota ya IP n'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere. Indangururamajwi ikora neza mu nzu ishobora gucika intege hanze iyo idashobora kwihanganira imvura, imirasire y'izuba, umunyu, cyangwa ubushyuhe. Niyo mpamvu ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gupima ubushyuhe.ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa by'itumanaho mu ngandabigomba gusuzumwa hakurikijwe porogaramu, ntabwo ari izina rya kataloge gusa.

Amakuru y'imikorere y'umuvuduko w'ikirahuri cya ATEX abaguzi bagomba kugenzura

Amakuru ku mikorere ni bwo buryo bwihuse bwo gutandukanya ibirego byo kwamamaza n'amakuru y'ubuhanga ashobora gukoreshwa. Kuri sisitemu ya PA y'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, agaciro kayo ni ingenzi cyane: urwego rw'umusaruro, igisubizo cya frequency, no kuramba kw'ibidukikije.

Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'ijwi gikunze kugaragazwa ku ntera runaka, akenshi metero 1. Inshuro zisubirwamo zigaragaza niba indangururamajwi ikora neza hagati aho ingufu z'ijwi ziba. Ibipimo by'ibidukikije nka IP66 bigaragaza ko birindwa amazi menshi n'umukungugu winjira, mu gihe ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bwinshi bigaragaza niba igikoresho gishobora kubaho mu gihe cy'itumba cyangwa ahantu hashyushye. Ibi si ibintu birambuye ku bijyanye n'ubwiza; bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gukora no kugitunganya.

Kugereranya imibare bifasha amakipe y'umushinga kwirinda gusesengura ibintu mu buryo budahagije. Urugero, niba uruganda rufite urwego rw'ikirere rwapimwe rwa 88 dB (A) hafi y'agace k'ipompe, igishushanyo cy'indangururamajwi kigomba kuba gisobanura intera ihari n'ishusho y'aho ruherereye. Niba indangururamajwi iri kuri metero 15 uvuye ku mukoresha, ubushobozi bwo kumva neza buzaterwa n'umusaruro w'amajwi n'imiterere y'icyumba. Niyo mpamvu isuzuma ry'uko ahantu hashyirwa ari ngombwa.

Aho Indangururamajwi za ATEX zikoreshwa mu mishinga nyayo y'inganda

Indangururamajwi za ATEX ni ingirakamaro cyane aho inzogera n'ubutumwa bw'amajwi bigomba kugera ku bantu basanzwe bambaye PPE, bakorera hafi y'imashini, cyangwa bagenda ahantu harangwa urusaku n'amashusho agoye.

Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo urubuga rwo mu nyanja, inganda zikora imiti, ahantu ho kubika ibintu bishongesha, imiyoboro y'irangi, uburyo bwo gufata ibinyampeke n'ifu, ububiko bw'ibikomoka kuri lisansi, ahantu ho gutunganya amazi yanduye, n'ububiko bunini bufite ibyago byo kuvumbirwa n'ivumbi. Muri ibi bice, umuvugizi ashobora kuba ahujwe na sisitemu yo gutangaza amakuru yihutirwa, umuyoboro w'icyumba cyo kugenzura, cyangwa sisitemu yo gutangaza amajwi n'amashusho.

Urugero, mu ivugurura ry’uruganda rutunganya ibinyabiziga, umubyigano w’igihe gito w’ibikoresho byongera ibyago byo kubura amabwiriza yo mu magambo. Indangururamajwi y’ahantu hateje akaga ishobora kugabanya urujijo binyuze mu gutangaza impinduka mu nzira, gutangaza amakuru y’aho abantu bashobora kwinjira, cyangwa amabwiriza yo kuva aho bakoreraga ibinyampeke. Mu kigo cy’ibinyampeke, ihame nk’iryo rirakurikizwa, ariko icya mbere gishobora kuba ingaruka z’umuriro ziterwa n’umukungugu n’uburinzi bwo kurenza igihe ku hantu hafunguye.

Ku baguzi bagereranya imiryango y'ibicuruzwa, ni ingirakamaro gusuzuma imiterere yagutse y'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa binyuze muibisubizo bya telefoni bidaturika, sisitemu za telefoni zirinda ikirere, naibikoresho bya telefoni byo mu ngandakuko umuvugizi akunze gukorana n'izo mpera z'itumanaho mu muyoboro wuzuye w'urubuga.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya amahitamo y'ikirangurura cy'ahantu habi udakoresheje kugura cyane

Icyemezo cyiza cyo kugura kiringaniza ingano y'umutekano, ubwishingizi bw'amajwi, n'ubufasha mu buzima bwose. Kugura cyane bishobora gutera ikiguzi kidakenewe, mu gihe kugura bike bishobora gutera kutubahiriza amategeko no kunanirwa itumanaho.

Ikosa rimwe rikunze kubaho ni uguhitamo indangururamajwi gusa hakoreshejwe imbaraga zigenwa. Irindi ni ukwibwira ko ubukana bw'inyuma bungana n'ubushobozi bwo mu gace kateje akaga. Ikosa rya gatatu ni ukwirengagiza uburyo bwo kubungabunga. Iyo igikoresho kigoye kugenzura cyangwa gusimbuza, uruganda rushobora kumara igihe kirekire rudakora mu gihe cyo kugenzura buri gihe cyangwa isuzuma ry'ingaruka.

Inkunga y'ubuzima bw'inganda ni ingenzi kuko ahantu hakorerwa inganda akenshi hamara imyaka myinshi cyangwa imyaniko myinshi. Iyo umuryango w'abavuga ufite ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho bihamye, ibikoresho bihuye n'ibyo uteganya gukora, n'igihe cyo kubigeraho gishoboka, itsinda ry'abahanga rimara igihe gito ku bintu bidasanzwe mu kugura ibikoresho kandi rimara igihe kinini ku buryo sisitemu ihamye. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku mishinga ikenera ibikoresho bihoraho mu nganda nyinshi cyangwa amasoko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ryo gushyiraho no kubungabunga sisitemu ya PA mu turere dufite akaga

Ubwiza bw'iyinjizwa bushobora gutuma indangururamajwi zikora nabi niba aho zishyirwa, aho zihurira, cyangwa aho zigana hadakoreshejwe neza. Igikoresho cyizewe gishobora kunanirwa akazi kacyo niba kidashyizwemo neza.

• Emeza neza agace gashobora guteza akaga n'icyiciro cy'ibikoresho mbere yo kurekura.
• Genzura neza imiyoboro y'insinga, umuyoboro w'amazi, n'uburyo bwo kuziba ukurikije urwego rw'icyemezo.
• Shyira indangururamajwi ahantu hirengeye hashyigikira uburyo bwo gupfuka no kwirinda imbogamizi.
• Gerageza kumva ijwi mu gihe cy'urusaku rusanzwe rw'ibimera, atari mu gihe cyo kuzimya gusa.
• Inyandiko z'igihe cyo kugenzura n'ibikoresho by'itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga.

Mu bigo byinshi, igenzura rya buri gihembwe rikoreshwa ku bikoresho by'itumanaho byihutirwa, mu gihe ibizamini by'imikorere byimbitse bikorwa ku buryo bwagenwe hakurikijwe politiki y'aho ibintu bibera n'ibisabwa ku mabwiriza akurikizwa. Niba sisitemu irimo gusohora ijwi cyangwa gushyiramo inzogera, gahunda yo gupima igomba kandi kwemeza imyitwarire yo gusimbuza ingufu n'ibimenyetso by'igenzura.

Kubera ko imishinga yo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga ikunze kuba igizwe n'amatsinda menshi, amabwiriza yo kugura agomba kuba arimo imiterere y'ibidukikije, imbogamizi zo gukoresha insinga, n'ibipimo byo kwemerwa. Ibyo bigabanya amakosa yo guhererekanya ibikoresho hagati y'ubuhanga, amasoko, n'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga.

Ibibazo byo Kugura Bisabwa Mbere yo Kugura

Ibibazo bikwiye bigaragaza niba umucuruzi asobanukiwe n'imikorere y'inganda cyangwa niba atanga indangururamajwi rusange gusa.

1. Ni mu itsinda irihe ry’umuvugizi ryemewe n’amategeko, ni mu gace ka gaze cyangwa ivumbi?
2. Ni uruhe rwego rw'umusaruro rwapimwe ku ntera yagenwe?
3. Ese igishushanyo mbonera gishyigikira IP y'urubuga, ubushyuhe, n'ibisabwa mu kwangirika?
4. Ese umuvugizi ashobora guhuzwa n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gucunga umutekano, inzogera, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhunga?
5. Ni ibihe bipimo byo kugenzura no gusimbuza bisabwa?
6. Ese ibikoresho byo gushyiramo n'ibice bisimbura birahari kugira ngo bishyigikirwe igihe kirekire?

Ibi bibazo kandi bifasha guhuza itangwa ry'amasoko n'ubwubatsi. Umuguzi ushaka sisitemu ya PA ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishobora guteza akaga, ubusanzwe aba agerageza kugabanya ibyago, koroshya ishyirwaho, no kurinda ko ibintu byangiritse igihe kirekire, atari ugutumiza gusa ikintu muri kataloge.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Indangururamajwi ya ATEX ikoreshwa iki?

Indangururamajwi ya ATEX ikoreshwa mu gutangaza ubutumwa bw'amajwi cyangwa amatangazo mu bice bishobora kuba birimo imyuka itwika, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi. Yagenewe kugabanya ibyago byo gushya mu gihe ifasha mu gushakisha amakuru yihutirwa, gusohoka mu modoka, no gutumanaho buri gihe.

Nigute nahitamo ikirangurura cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga gikwiye?

Tangira ukurikije uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro uturere, hanyuma urebe icyemezo, ijwi risohoka, amanota y’ibidukikije, n’uburyo bwo gushyiraho. Amahitamo meza ni ajyanye n’ibyago by’aho hantu kandi agakomeza kumvikana neza iyo umuntu arebye kure.

Ese wattage iri hejuru ihora ari nziza kuri sisitemu ya PA?

Oya. Ingufu nyinshi zishobora gufasha, ariko imiterere y'urujya n'uruza, aho indangururamajwi ziherereye, n'urusaku rwo mu kirere ni ingenzi cyane. Imashini ifite ingufu nkeya ishyirwa mu mwanya mwiza ishobora gukora neza kurusha iy'ifite ingufu nyinshi ishyirwa mu mwanya mubi.

Ni iyihe ngero ya IP umuvugizi wa ATEX agomba kugira?

Ibyo biterwa n'ibidukikije. Ahantu ho hanze cyangwa aho amazi anyura akenshi hakenera uburinzi bwinshi bwo kwinjira nka IP66 cyangwa IP67, ariko amahitamo ya nyuma agomba gukurikiza ibisabwa n'aho hantu n'uburyo bwo kwemeza.

Ese indangururamajwi ya ATEX ishobora gukoreshwa mu duce tw'umukungugu?

Yego, niba byemejwe ko bifite ingaruka ku mukungugu kandi ikimenyetso kijyanye n'imiterere y'agace k'umukungugu. Gukoresha ivumbi bisaba uburyo bukwiye bwo kurinda no gushyiraho.

Kuki gusobanukirwa imvugo ari ingenzi cyane muri sisitemu z'inganda zishinzwe kugenzura imikorere y'inzego z'ibanze?

Kubera ko abantu bagomba gusobanukirwa amabwiriza ako kanya mu gihe cy'intabaza cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere. Ubutumwa bukomeye budashobora kumvikana bushobora gutera gutinda no gutera urujijo.

Ese nkwiye kugura indangururamajwi ukwayo ntakoresheje sisitemu ya PA?

Akenshi indangururamajwi zigomba gutoranywa nk'igice cy'igishushanyo cyuzuye cya sisitemu. Ubushobozi bwa amplifier, igihombo cy'umurongo, imiterere y'akarere, no guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura byose bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya nyuma.