Ingano za IP ku ivuriro ry'inganda: IP54 vs IP66 vs IP67

Impamvu amanota ya IP y'umuvugizi w'inganda ari ingenzi

Kugena uburyo bwo kumenyesha amajwi n'itumanaho rusange ku nganda bisaba uburyo buhamye bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Nubwo ibipimo by'amajwi nk'urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi (SPL) n'uburyo bwo gusubiza inshuro zishoboka bigena uburyo bwo kumva, igipimo cyo kurinda kwinjira (IP) ni cyo kigena igihe cy'imikorere y'icyuma. Igipimo cya IP cy'umuvuduko w'inganda gisobanura uburyo icyuma gikingira uduce duto n'ibinyobwa, ari byo bintu by'ingenzi bituma amashanyarazi ananirwa vuba mu gihe cy'ibiza.ibidukikije bikomeye.

Uburyo amanota ya IP agira ingaruka ku bwizerwe bwa sisitemu

Isano iri hagati y’igipimo cya IP cy’umuvuduko w’inganda n’ubwizigirwa bwa sisitemu muri rusange ni iy’ingenzi kandi irapimwa. Sisitemu zo kuvugana n’abantu benshi n’itangazo rusange (PAGA) mu nganda akenshi bifitanye isano n’amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ubuzima, bisaba igihe hagati y’igihe cyo gutsindwa (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 50.000. Iyo ahantu hadafunze neza, kwinjira mu bidukikije byihutisha kwangirika kw’ibice, bigatuma MTBF igabanuka kugeza ku masaha ari munsi ya 10.000. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhitamo ahantu hadafunze hakora nk'imbogamizi ku byanduza ahantu runaka ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho kwitegura gukora no kwirinda kwangirika kw’itumanaho mu bihe by’impanuka.

Uburyo ivumbi, amazi, n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere bitera ibyago byo kwangirika

Ivumbi, amazi, n'imitingito yo mu kirere bikorana kugira ngo biteze ingaruka zikomeye ku byuma bihindura amajwi. Icyuho cy'amajwi yo mu nganda gikora neza cyane, akenshi kiri hagati ya mm 0.2 na mm 0.5. Iyo ivumbi rikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa rikabije ryinjiye mu gisenge, rirunda mu cyuho cya rukuruzi, bigatera gucikagurika, guhinduka kw'amajwi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bugashira. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amazi yinjira mu kirere n'ama-transformer, bigatera kwangirika kwa galvanic no kubura amashanyarazi. Nubwo amanota ya IP adapima neza ubudahangarwa bw'imitingito, imitingito ikomeye yo mu nganda yihutisha kwangirika kwa gasket za rubber na silicone sealants, bigatuma imiterere ikomeye ya IP-rated mechanical irushaho kuba ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho gucika intege kwa kabiri.

Aho IP54, IP66, na IP67 bikunze gukoreshwa

Gukoresha indangururamajwi za IP54, IP66, na IP67 mu nganda bikurikiza uburyo butandukanye bwo kurengera ibidukikije mu nyubako z’inganda. Indangururamajwi za IP54 zisanzwe mu nganda zigenzurwa n’ikirere, mu bubiko bwo mu nzu, no mu byumba byo gupakiramo aho usanga umuntu ahurirwa n’umukungugu wo mu kirere ndetse rimwe na rimwe no gusukurwa n’isuku isanzwe. Indangururamajwi za IP66 ziganjemo izi ndangururamajwi.sisitemu za PA zo hanze, ahantu hatunganyirizwa peteroli, hamwe n’ahantu ho gukaraba ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa aho amazi yo mu mazi akoreshwa cyane kandi atwara umuvuduko mwinshi ari ngombwa. Amaherezo, ibikoresho bya IP67 byagenewe ahantu hashobora kwangirika cyane, harimo n’aho ubwato bwo mu mazi buherereye, aho amabuye y’agaciro ashobora kuba akunda kuzura, n’ahantu hashyirwa imiti aho kwibira by’agateganyo mu mazi ari ikibazo gikomeye.

Icyo Isuzuma rya IP ry’Umuvugizi w’Inganda ryemeza

Amanota ya IP y’umuvuduko w’inganda agenwa ku mugaragaro n’amahame ngenderwaho ya IEC 60529, ashyiraho uburyo rusange bwo gushyira mu byiciro urwego rw’uburinzi butangwa n’udukingo. Gusobanukirwa ibipimo nyabyo by’igerageza ry’iri tegeko ni ingenzi ku bahanga bashaka kwemeza ibikoresho by’amajwi mu gihe habayeho ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

Icyo imibare ya mbere n'iya kabiri ya IP isobanura

Kode ya IP ikoresha sisitemu y'imibare ibiri kugira ngo imenye ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu bikomeye n'ibinyobwa. Umubare wa mbere (kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 6) ugaragaza urwego rw'uburinzi ku bintu bikomeye n'ivumbi ryinjira. Umubare wa kabiri (kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 9) ugaragaza urwego rw'uburinzi ku kwinjira mu mazi.

Ku muntu ukora mu nganda, kugira ngo agere ku gipimo cya "6″ ku mubare wa mbere bisaba ikizamini cya pompe y'umwuka uvacuum kigaragaza ko nta fu ya talcum yinjira mu gihe cy'amasaha 8, bityo agace gato k'umusemburo kakagaragara.

Ibyo amanota ya IP adashobora kugaragaza

Nubwo ibipimo bikomeye byo gupima, amanota ya IP y’umuvuduko w’inganda ntabwo agaragaza ko ibidukikije bizakomeza kubaho neza. Ibipimo bya IEC 60529 bisuzuma gusa uko ibintu byinjira; ntibisuzuma ko agace gakingiye gafite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV), kwangirika kw’ibinyabutabire, cyangwa imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe bukabije. Urugero, agace gafite impuzankano ya polycarbonate gashobora kugera ku gipimo cya IP66 muri laboratwari ariko kagacika intege nyuma y’imyaka ibiri gahuye n’imirasire ya UV cyangwa kagahura n’ibintu bisukura. Byongeye kandi, amanota ya IP ntabwo areba uburyo ibyuma birwanya ingaruka, bigengwa ukwabyo n’igipimo cya IK (IEC 62262), kandi ntibikemura ingaruka zo guhumeka imbere mu mubiri guterwa n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’ubushyuhe buhindagurika.

Uburyo imiterere y'ibizamini, gushyiraho, n'uburyo insinga zishyirwamo bigira ingaruka ku burinzi

Ububasha bw'igipimo cya IP cy'umuvuduko w'inganda bushingiye cyane ku buryo bukwiye bwo gushyiraho, cyane cyane ku bijyanye no gushyiraho no kwinjira mu nsinga. Isuzuma rya IP rya laboratwari rikorwa mu buryo bugenzurwa cyane kandi butajegajega hamwe n'aho imiyoboro yose ifungishijwe neza. Mu rwego rwo gukora, uburinzi bw'umuvuduko buba bukomeye gusa nk'aho aho unyura hato cyane, akenshi ari ho umuvuduko w'umu ...

Uburyo IP54, IP66, na IP67 zigereranywa

Gutandukanya IP54, IP66, na IP67 bisaba gusesengura atari gusa ibipimo by'ibizamini ahubwo no guhindura imiterere yihariye y'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hagerwe kuri buri cyiciro. Uko urwego rw'uburinzi rugenda rwiyongera, abakora bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bigezweho by'amajwi n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kuziba, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku giciro cy'icyuma no ku mikorere myiza y'amajwi.

Imikorere ya IP54 mu nganda zigenzurwa

Igipimo cya IP54 gitanga ubwunganizi buhagije ku nganda zigenzurwa aho ibikoresho bishobora guturika umukungugu no guhura n’amazi mu buryo butunguranye. Mu gihe cyo gupima IEC, indangururamajwi ya IP54 igomba kwihanganira amazi yasutswe ku kigero cya litiro 10 ku munota mu gihe cy’iminota 5 nta ngaruka mbi z’amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo babigereho, abakora indangururamajwi bakoresha impapuro zisanzwe cyangwa imyenda yavuwe hamwe na gaskets z’ifoam. Kubera ko ibisabwa mu gufunga ari bike, indangururamajwi za IP54 zigumana ubushobozi bwo kumva ijwi ry’umuntu kandi zikaba ari zo zihendutse cyane ku majwi yo mu nganda zo mu nzu, akenshi zigura hagati ya 30% na 40% munsi y’izindi zifunze neza zo hanze.

Iyo uburinzi bwa IP66 bufite ishingiro

Iyo ibidukikije bikomeje kwiyongera bigasaba uburinzi bwa IP66, uburyo bw'ubuhanga buhinduka bugashyirwa mu buryo bwo kwitandukanya burundu. Indangururamajwi za IP66 zipimwa ku mazi akomeye atanga litiro 100 ku munota ku gitutu cya 100 kPa uvuye kure ya metero 3. Ubu bukana butuma ikoreshwa mu bice bikomeye byozamo amazi, nko mu nganda zitunganya inyama cyangwa ku byambu byo mu mazi bihura n'imvura nyinshi. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ibikoresho bya IP66 bireka gukoresha utubumbe dusanzwe tw’amazi ahubwo bigakoresha utubumbe twihariye twa Mylar, phenolic, cyangwa titanium. Utwo tubumbe twishingikiriza ku miringa ikomeye ya silikoni, transformers zo mu nkono, n'inzira za labyrinthine acoustic zagenewe gukumira ingufu z'amazi mbere yuko zigera kuri transducer.

Iyo uburinzi bwa IP67 bukenewe

Uburinzi bwa IP67 ni ngombwa gusa iyo ahantu hakorerwa ibikorwa hari ibyago bifatika byo kwibira amazi. Ihame rya IEC 60529 rivuga ko igikoresho cya IP67 kigomba gukumira amazi yinjira mu gihe cyuzuye mu mazi mu minota 30. Gushushanya indangururamajwi zo mu nganda kugira ngo zohereze amajwi mu gihe zifunze neza ku muvuduko wa hydrostatic biragoye cyane. Izi ndangururamajwi zikenera ibyumba by'abayobora bifunze neza, uturemangingo dufunga umuvuduko (nk'imyobo ya PTFE yagutse) kugira ngo hirindwe kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'imbere, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'icyuma bitagira ingese bya 316L bidashonga. Bitewe n'ingufu z'amajwi ziterwa no gufunga burundu, indangururamajwi za IP67 zikunze gusaba amplifiers nyinshi kugira ngo zigere kuri SPL imwe n'izifite amanota make, bikaba ari igiciro kinini haba mu kiguzi cy'ibikoresho ndetse no mu bikorwa remezo.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo amanota akwiye ya IP

Kugaragaza amanota nyayo ya IP y’umuvugizi w’inganda bisaba uburyo buhanitse buhuza ukuri kw’ibidukikije n’amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ingenzi. Ikoranabuhanga rihamye risaba abayobozi b’imishinga gusuzuma ibidukikije by’aho umuvugizi aherereye aho gukoresha uburyo burambuye mu kigo cyose.

Uburyo bwo guhuza ubukana bw'ihungabana n'uburinzi bwa IP

Guhuza uburemere bw'ihungabana n'uburinzi bwa IP bitangirana n'igenzura ryimbitse ry'aho ibintu biherereye. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gupima ingano, umuvuduko, n'inshuro by'ihungabana ry'amazi, ndetse n'imiterere y'uduce tw'amazi mu kirere. Ku kigo gishinzwe gutwara ibintu byumye, ivumbi ryo mu kirere ni ryo ry'ingenzi, bigatuma IP54 iba amahitamo meza mu mibare. Ku rundi ruhande, mu cyumba cy'imiti gisaba gusukura buri munsi hamwe n'ibikoresho byo koza umuvuduko wa 1000 kPa, igipimo gisanzwe cya IP66 gishobora kuba kidahagije, bigatuma ibisabwa bishyirwa ku bikoresho byihariye bya IP69K. Intego ni uguhuza ibipimo by'igeragezwa bya IEC 60529 n'ibihe bibi cyane by'imikorere y'umuvuduko izahura nabyo mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda gusesengura cyangwa gusesengura cyane

Ibimenyetso bya IP by’umuvuduko w’inganda utemewe n’amategeko ndetse n’ibirenze urugero bifite ibihano bikomeye by’amafaranga. Kutemewe n’amategeko ya IP54 ku gice cyo hanze cy’umuvuduko w’imodoka bitanga icyuho cyihuse, bigatuma habaho igihe cyo kuyisimbura igihe gito nk’amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12, hamwe n’ikiguzi cyihishe cy’akazi ko kubungabunga no guhagarika akazi. Ku rundi ruhande, kutemewe cyane kw’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi wa IP67 ku murongo w’imbere ugenzurwa n’ikirere ni igihombo gikomeye. Inzu zikingiramo IP zifite ikiguzi cy’ubwishyu kuva kuri 50% kugeza 100% ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe. Kugwiza iki giciro cy’ubwishyu muriSisitemu ya PA ifite imbuga 200bishobora kongera ingengo y'imari y'umushinga ku bihumbi mirongo bitari ngombwa bitabaye ngombwa ko habaho iterambere rigaragara mu buryo bwizewe bwa sisitemu.

Ibyo umutanga serivisi agomba gusaba ni ibimenyetso by'igerageza

Kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko no gukora neza kw'ingwate, abaguzi bagomba gusaba ibimenyetso bikomeye by'ibizamini bivuye ku batanga serivisi aho kwemera ibirego by'urupapuro rw'amakuru ku giciro cyabyo. Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusaba raporo zemewe za IEC 60529 zitangwa na laboratwari zemewe n'abandi, nka TÜV Rheinland, UL, cyangwa Intertek. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kugenzura imbere mu ruganda.amahame ngenderwaho yo kugenzura ubuziranengeAbaguzi bagomba gusaba urwego rw’ubuziranenge bwemewe (AQL) rukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gupima ibikoresho; urwego rwa AQL rwa 0.65 cyangwa 1.0 rwo kurinda kwinjira rutuma ubuziranenge bwo gufunga bwagaragaye muri laboratwari buhora bugaragara ku murongo w’iteraniro.

Inzira yo gufata ibyemezo ku isuzuma rya IP ry'umuvugizi w'inganda

Guhuza amakuru ajyanye n'ibidukikije, ibisabwa mu ijwi, n'ingengo y'imari mu ngamba zisanzwe zo gutanga amasoko bitanga imikorere ihamye ya sisitemu. Urwego rukurikira rw'ibyemezo rutanga uburyo buhamye bwo guhitamo amanota meza ya IP y'umuvuduko w'inganda ku ikoreshwa iryo ari ryo ryose ry'ubucuruzi cyangwa inganda.

Matirike yo guhitamo IP54, IP66, na IP67

Imiterere y'amahitamo iri hepfo ishyira mu byiciro amanota atatu y'ibanze ya IP ugereranije n'ibintu by'ingenzi bihungabanya ibidukikije n'imari. Iki gikoresho cyemerera abahuza sisitemu guhuza vuba imiterere y'urubuga rwabo hamwe n'urwego rw'ibikoresho by'amajwi bikwiye.

Gukoresha iyi matrix birinda ikosa risanzwe ryo gushyira ibikoresho bidapfa mu mazi mu duce two kozamo amazi, bityo bikarinda ibikorwa remezo by’amajwi.

Urutonde rwa nyuma rw'abaguzi

Mbere yo kurangiza itegeko ryo kugura ibikoresho by’amajwi byo mu nganda, abayobozi b’imishinga bagomba gukora urutonde rwuzuye rw’abaguzi kugira ngo bemeze ibisabwa.

• Emeza amanota y'ingirabuzimafatizo za Cable:Menya neza ko imiyoboro yose y'insinga, imiyoboro y'itumanaho, n'udusanduku tw'itumanaho bihuye cyangwa birenga urugero rwa IP rw'umuvugizi kugira ngo ukomeze ubuziranenge bw'uruziga kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera.
• Emeza inguni zo gushyiraho:Suzuma inyandiko z'uwakoze kugira ngo wemeze inguni zemewe zo gushyiraho. Gutembera nabi bishobora gukuraho amanota ya IP66 binyuze mu kureka amazi agahurira mu mahoni y'ijwi aho kuyakuramo.
• Suzuma uko ibintu byangiritse mu mubiri:Niba ibidukikije birimo imyuka ihumanya cyangwa ibikoresho bisukura, menya neza ko ibikoresho bipfundikiye (urugero: polyester ikoresha ikirahure cyangwa icyuma kidashonga cya 316) birwanya uburozi, kuko amanota ya IP adatwikira kwangirika kw'uburozi.
• Reba ubushyuhe bukabije:Shyira icyerekezo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hamwe n'ibipimo by'imikorere y'indangururamajwi kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubushyuhe bw'imbere butazabangamira abakoresha amajwi nubwo hari ibimenyetso byo hanze bidakora neza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Koresha indangururamajwi za IP54 gusa mu bice byo mu nzu bigenzurwa aho umuntu ashobora kugera ku mukungugu wo mu kirere ndetse no gusimbuka rimwe na rimwe.
• Shyiraho indangururamajwi za IP66 ku bikoresho byo hanze bya PA, ahantu hakorerwa peteroli, n'ahantu ho kurya cyangwa kunywa hakenera gukaraba hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi.
• Hitamo indangururamajwi za IP67 zo mu birombe byo mu mazi, aho amabuye y'agaciro ashobora kuba akunda kuzura, n'ahantu hashobora gufungirwa imiti y'uburozi by'agateganyo.
• Wibuke ko amanota ya IEC 60529 IP asobanura uburyo bwo kurinda ivumbi n'amazi, ariko ntabwo yemeza ko ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guhindagurika cyangwa umutekano wo kwirinda guturika bushobora kwiyongera.
• Huza amanota ya IP n'ibyago nyabyo by'urubuga kuko kudafunga neza bishobora kugabanya ubwizigenge bwa sisitemu kuva ku ntego za MTBF zijyanye n'umutekano w'ubuzima zirenze amasaha 50.000 kugeza ku masaha ari munsi ya 10.000.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Igipimo cya IP cy'umuvuduko w'inganda bivuze iki?

Isuzuma rya IP, ryagenwe na IEC 60529, rigaragaza uburyo icyuma gikingira ibintu bikomeye n'ibinyobwa. Umubare wa mbere utwikira umukungugu n'ibintu, uwa kabiri utwikira amazi. Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zo mu nganda zikora akazi ko gutanga amakuru, iri suzuma rifasha kumenya neza ko ibintu bizagenda neza ahantu hakomeye, hatose, huzuyemo ivumbi cyangwa hanze.

Ese IP54 irahagije ku cyuma gitanga umuvuduko mu nganda?

IP54 ishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda zo mu nzu, mu bubiko, no mu bipakirwamo bifite ivumbi rike kandi rimwe na rimwe bigasimbuka. Ntabwo ari byiza mu mazi akoreshwa n'umuvuduko mwinshi, mu guhura n'inkubi y'umuyaga hanze, mu nkuta zo mu mazi, cyangwa mu bice bishobora kwibasirwa n'imyuzure aho uburinzi bwa IP66 cyangwa IP67 ari bwo bwiza.

Ni irihe tandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati ya IP66 na IP67?

IP66 irinda ivumbi kandi irinzwe n’amazi akomeye, bigatuma ikomera ku buryo bwo gukaraba no hanze ya sisitemu za PA. IP67 nayo irinda ivumbi ariko yongeraho uburinzi bwo kwibira mu mazi by’agateganyo, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu turere two mu mazi, mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, mu miyoboro y’amazi, cyangwa mu turere dushobora guhura n’imyuzure.

Ese IP67 ihora ari nziza kurusha IP66 ku ndangururamajwi zo mu nganda?

Si buri gihe. IP67 irinda kwibira mu mazi by'agateganyo, mu gihe IP66 igeragezwa by'umwihariko ku miyoboro y'amazi ikomeye. Niba aho hantu hakoreshwa imiyoboro y'amazi ikoreshwa n'umuvuduko, IP66 ishobora kuba ari yo mpamvu ikenewe cyane; niba bishoboka ko umuntu yibira mu mazi, IP67 ni yo mahitamo meza.

Ese amanota ya IP agaragaza ko indangururamajwi idaturika?

Isuzuma rya IP ni ryo ripima uburinzi ku mukungugu n'amazi, ntabwo ari ingaruka zo gushya. Ku bicukurwa bya peteroli, gaze, imiti, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, cyangwa ahantu hateje akaga, shaka ibyubako bidashobora guturika n'ibyemezo nka ATEX hiyongereyeho isuzuma rya IP risabwa.