Uburyo bwo gushyiraho sisitemu y'itumanaho ritazi amazi ya PA mu gihe cy'ihungabana ry'umutekano

Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura uburyo bwo guhitamo, gushyira no kugenzura indangururamajwi idapfa amazi kugira ngo habeho itumanaho ryizewe ry’ubutabazi. Igaragaza kandi uburyo bwo kugereranya amahitamo ya sisitemu yo hanze ya PA, ibyo abantu bakeneye mu gihe cyo guhamagara, n’ibisabwa mu guhitamo abatanga serivisi nta kuvanga ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa.

Impamvu indangururamajwi idapfa amazi ari ingenzi mu gushushanya sisitemu y'indangururamajwi zihutirwa

Indangururamajwi idapfa amazi ni igice cyizewe, si ikintu cy'amajwi gusa. Muri sisitemu y'indangururamajwi yihutirwa, igomba kwihanganira imvura, ivumbi, guhindagura, gusukwa n'umunyu, n'ubushyuhe buhindagurika mu gihe ikomeza gutanga amabwiriza asobanutse neza. Itumanaho ryihutirwa rishingiye ku buryo bwumvikana no kumvikana, cyane cyane iyo inzingururamajwi zigomba kurenga ubutumwa busanzwe. OSHA ivuga ko sisitemu z'indangururamajwi z'abakozi zishobora gukoresha sisitemu z'indangururamajwi rusange, radiyo, cyangwa telefoni mu gutanga raporo yihutirwa, kandi ubutumwa bwihutirwa bugomba kuba ingenzi kuruta inzira zitari izihutirwa. Ku bijyanye no gusohora amajwi no kumenyesha abantu benshi, NFPA 72 Igice cya 24 gifata itumanaho ry'amajwi cyangwa sisitemu y'indangururamajwi rusange nk'igice cy'imiterere ya sisitemu y'itumanaho ryihutirwa. Ibyo bivuze ko indangururamajwi ari igice cy'imikorere y'umutekano w'ubuzima, ntabwo ari igikoresho cy'amajwi cyihariye.

Uburyo bwo kumenya indangururamajwi zitagira amazi zikwiye mu gushyiraho sisitemu ya PA

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho sisitemu ya PA butangirira ku bidukikije, ntabwo ari kataloge. Indangururamajwi yo gushyiramo ibikoresho, aho kwinjira muri tunnel, cyangwa ahantu hakoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura abantu ikenera uburinzi butandukanye n'uburyo bwo gukurura abantu mu ijwi rituje kurusha iyo ikoreshwa mu nzira irinzwe. Koresha uburyo bukurikira bwo guhitamo mbere yo kugereranya moderi:

• Intambwe ya 1: Sobanura urwego rw'ibyago n'ingaruka byatewe, harimo imvura, amazi yamenetse, ivumbi, ingese, n'ingaruka zabyo.
• Intambwe ya 2: Emeza kode ya IP isabwa muri IEC 60529, hanyuma uyihuze n'aho uyishyira. Ubuyobozi bwa IEC busobanura ko iyo kode ishyira mu byiciro uburinzi ku bintu bikomeye n'amazi yinjira.
  
• Intambwe ya 3: Kugenzura ibikenewe mu ijwi, harimo intera iri hagati y’aho umuntu avugira, urusaku rwo mu gace, n’uburyo bwo kuvuga neza.
• Intambwe ya 4: Reba niba sisitemu ikora paging isanzwe, itangazo ryihutirwa, cyangwa niba ikora ikizamini cy'ijwi.
• Intambwe ya 5: Emeza ko ishyirwaho, insinga zinjira, uburyo bwo kuzikoresha mu kubungabunga, n'uko ibikoresho bisigaye bihari.

Mu mishinga myinshi, igisubizo gikwiye si igikoresho gifite umusaruro mwinshi. Ni igikoresho gitanga imvugo ihagije ku buryo bwumvikana neza ahantu hakenewe cyane, kandi nta mutwaro mwinshi wo kubungabunga.Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: Ibyiciro by'amajwi yo hanze mu itumanaho ryihutirwa

Ku miryango y'ibicuruzwa, urubuga rwa interineti rugamije gukusanya ibisubizo mu buryo bw'itumanaho mu nganda, terefone zirinda guturika kandi zitekanye, terefone zirinda ikirere n'izidakoreshwa mu kwangiza, terefone zihuta no guhamagara, terefone zihuta zo guhamagara no guhamagara, hamwe na terefone rusange. Ibyo byiciro bifasha abaguzi guhuza indangururamajwi n'izindi terefone zose.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho bigomba kuyobora sisitemu y'indangururamajwi zihutirwa

Sisitemu y'indangururamajwi yihutirwa igomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho, ntabwo ari ibintu byitezwe. Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ni ibisabwa na OSHA ku bijyanye n'intabaza y'abakozi, NFPA 72 ku byerekeye itumanaho ryihutirwa, IEC 60529 ku bijyanye no kurinda ingress, na ATEX ku bijyanye n'ikirere giturika. ATEX ni ingenzi iyo ishyirwa mu kirere gishobora guturika. Komisiyo y'Uburayi isobanura ko Amabwiriza 2014/34/EU akubiyemo ibikoresho bigenewe gukoreshwa mu kirere giturika, mu gihe amabwiriza yo mu kazi areba inshingano z'umukoresha. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo hanze cyangwa mu nganda, icyo umuntu yakwiga ni uko: amanota y'aho afungiye agomba kuba ahuye n'ibidukikije, kandi imiterere y'amajwi igomba kuba ihuye n'igihe cyo gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'impanuka. Indangururamajwi irokoka ikirere ariko ntishobora kuvuga neza iba igifite imiterere idakomeye.Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: Amahame ngenderwaho n'icyo asobanura ku gushyiraho sisitemu ya PA

Uburyo bwo kugereranya amahitamo ya sisitemu yo hanze ya PA nta gusobanura byinshi

Sisitemu yo hanze ya PA igomba gupimwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, ntabwo ari ugutekereza. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni urusaku rwo mu kirere, uburebure bwo gushyiraho amakuru, icyerekezo cy'imirasire, n'umubare w'uturere dukeneye kugenzura twigenga. Mu buryo bufatika, amatsinda y'umushinga agomba kugereranya urwego rw'imikorere itatu. Ubwa mbere, agace gakingira gagomba kurwanya ibidukikije by'aho hantu. Icya kabiri, imiterere y'amajwi igomba gutwikira agace kagenewe. Icya gatatu, sisitemu igomba guhuzwa n'urubuga rwo kugenzura, byaba ari analog paging, IP audio, cyangwa sisitemu yagutse yo gutabara amajwi mu gihe cy'impanuka. Ubuyobozi bw'inganda butangwa na Honeywell ku bijyanye no gutabara amajwi bushimangira uburyo bwumvikana n'imiterere y'ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imvugo ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Ibyo ni ingirakamaro kuko ubutumwa bwihutirwa burananirwa iyo abantu bumvise amajwi ariko badashobora kumva amagambo.

Aho urubuga rw'urubuga rugenewe ruhurira n'ibisobanuro by'umushinga

Urubuga rw’urubuga rugamije gutanga itumanaho mu nganda mu turere duto, rufite ibikoresho bishyigikira itumanaho ry’amajwi mu buryo bwihutirwa, itangazamakuru rusange, n’itumanaho rikomeye mu kibuga. Ibyo bituma biba ingenzi iyo umushinga ukeneye indangururamajwi n’ibikoresho bijyana na byo. Kugira ngo habeho sisitemu yuzuye, abaguzi bashobora gusuzumaurubuga rw'ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi, hanyuma ugabanye urwego rw'igenzura kugeza kuicyiciro cy'abavuga amajwi y'ihoniku bijyanye no gupima no gutangaza amakuru yo hanze. Niba umushinga ukeneye ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amazi mu gace gatose,urupapuro rw'indangururamajwi rudaca amazini byo bihuye neza cyane. Ku bijyanye no guteganya gahunda yagutse,urupapuro rw'ibanze rw'itumanaho ry'ingandani ingirakamaro kuko ishyira hamwe telefoni zihutirwa, intercom, n'ibikoresho byo kwandikirana ahantu hamwe. Ibyo bifasha amakipe y'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi kugumana indangururamajwi, aho bahamagara, n'inzira yo kugenzura.Igitabo cy'Abatanga Ibikoresho: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma abacuruzi ku mishinga y'ibikoresho byihutirwa by'itumanaho

• Reba niba utanga serivisi atangaza amanota ya IP, amakuru ajyanye no gushyiraho porogaramu, n'amabwiriza yo kuyishyiraho.
• Emeza niba ibicuruzwa bigamije guhamagara abantu buri gihe, gutangaza amakuru yihutirwa, cyangwa gusohora ijwi.
• Suzuma niba ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, uduce duto, n'ibindi bikoresho biboneka kugira ngo bibungabungwe igihe kirekire.
• Saba inyandiko zigaragaza imiterere y'ubusabe mu byambu, mu nganda, mu mihanda, mu bigo bya kaminuza, cyangwa mu turere twateje akaga.
• Gereranya ubuziranenge bw'inyandiko, ntabwo ari igiciro gusa, kuko ibisobanuro bituzuye byongera ibyago byo gukora.

Ku baguzi bakeneye uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha amajwi n'amajwi, amazina azwi cyane mu nganda zikoresha amajwi yihutirwa n'umutekano w'ubuzima arimo Honeywell na Federal Signal, mu gihe amabwiriza agenga amajwi agomba kugenzurwa buri gihe hakurikijwe OSHA, NFPA, IEC, na Komisiyo y'Uburayi.

Intambwe zifatika zo gushyiraho indangururamajwi idapfa amazi

Indangururamajwi idapfa amazi igomba gushyirwaho mu buryo butuma irinda kandi igakingira amajwi. Uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho bugira uruhare runini mu guhitamo ibicuruzwa.

1. Intambwe ya 1: Shyira akamenyetso ku gace k'aho umuntu avugira hanyuma ugaragaze aho umuntu atega amatwi ari kure cyane.
2. Intambwe ya 2: Hitamo uburebure n'inguni byo gushyiraho kugira ngo wirinde imbogamizi n'ishusho.
3. Intambwe ya 3: Kuramo insinga zinyura ahantu hinjirira hakingiwe hanyuma ufunge neza aho hose hinjira.
4. Intambwe ya 4: Emeza ko igipimo cy'aho gifungiye gikomeje kuba icy'ukuri nyuma yo gushyirwaho.
5. Intambwe ya 5: Gerageza ubutumwa bwihutirwa ku muvuduko w'akazi hanyuma wemeze ko busobanutse.
6. Intambwe ya 6: Andika imigendekere ya nyuma, igihe cyo kubungabunga, n'itariki yo kugenzura.

Uru rutonde ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu nyubako zo hanze no mu nganda kuko umuvugizi ashobora gutsinda ikizamini cy’intebe ariko agatsindwa mu kazi. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ubutumwa bugenzura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibidukikije ndetse n’uburyo ubutumwa busobanutse neza.

Igihe cyo guhitamo indangururamajwi idapfa amazi kurusha izindi nzira

Indangururamajwi idapfa amazi ni yo mahitamo meza iyo amazi akomeje kugaragara, isuku ikunze gukorwa, cyangwa aho hantu hashyizwe hose. Imashini irinda ikirere ishobora kuba ihagije gukoreshwa hanze mu buryo bwihishe, ariko ntabwo ari iyo gukaraba cyangwa iyo hari ibintu bikomeye byinjira. Ni na yo mahitamo meza iyo sisitemu igomba gushyigikira itumanaho ryihutirwa ahantu hashobora kuba hari ibyago byinshi aho gucika intege bidakwiye. Muri ibyo bihe, amabwiriza agomba gushyira imbere ubwizerwe, uburinzi bwanditse, no guhuza n'imiterere y'ubugenzuzi bwihutirwa. Ku mishinga ihuza paging, alarm, n'ubutumwa bwo guhunga, uburyo bwizewe ni ugufata indangururamajwi nk'igice cya sisitemu. Ibyo bivuze gusuzuma ahantu hafunganye, amplifier, zoning, na control logic hamwe, atari ukwayo.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'indangururamajwi idapfa amazi n'indangururamajwi idapfa igihe cy'ikirere?