Uburyo bwo kunoza igihe cyo gusubiza ukoresheje sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa

Intangiriro

Gutabara byihuse mu gihe cy’ubutabazi biterwa n’ibirenze umuvuduko w’umutabazi; bitangirira ku buryo umuhamagaro utangwa, ugenzurwa, kandi ukumvikana vuba. Sisitemu za telefoni z’ubutabazi zagenewe gukuraho gutinda gukunze kubaho nko guhamagara, gucucikana kw’imiyoboro y’itumanaho, no gutanga raporo y’aho umuntu aherereye idasobanutse neza, bigaha abatumiza amakuru yihuse kandi ashobora gukorwa. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo telefoni z’ubutabazi zagenewe zigabanya ibihe by’ingenzi by’impanuka, aho zirusha telefoni zisanzwe zigendanwa, kandi zigaragaza uburyo bwo kunoza imikoranire n’amatsinda y’umutekano n’inzego z’umutekano rusange. Muri urwo rwego, urwego rusuzuma ibintu byihariye by’imikorere n’ikoranabuhanga bituma igihe cyo gutabara kiba cyihuse.

Uburyo sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa zinoza igihe cyo gusubiza

Iyo habaye ikibazo cyihutirwa, icyuho kiri hagati y’impanuka ya mbere n’aho abashinzwe ubutabazi bwa mbere bagereye ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya ingaruka mbi. Imiyoboro gakondo y’itumanaho ry’ubucuruzi ikunze guteza ubukererwe butunguranye mu gihe cy’ibibazo, mu gihe sisitemu za telefoni zigenewe ubutabazi zakozwe kugira ngo zigabanye iyi ngengabihe. Mu gushyiraho umurongo utaziguye kandi utagira aho ubogamira ugana ku bashinzwe kohereza, izi sisitemu zishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gutanga raporo cya mbere kuva ku mpuzandengo isanzwe y’iminota 2 kugeza kuri 3 kikamanuka munsi y’amasegonda 30.

Bagabanya gutinda mu bikorwa

Mu bihe by’imihangayiko ikomeye, abantu bakoresha terefone zabo bwite bakunze guhura n’ibibazo byo gutinda gukora. Harimo gufungura terefone, guhamagara, gutegereza ko terefone zigendanwa zigendanwa zigendanwa zigendanwa, no kugorwa no kuvuga aho ziherereye neza. Mu duce dutuwe n’abantu benshi cyangwa mu gihe cy’ibikorwa by’abantu benshi, urujya n’uruza rw’itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa mu gace runaka rushobora guhagarika burundu guhamagara, bigatuma habaho igipimo cyo gutsindwa gishobora kurenga 15% mu gihe cy’ibibazo bikomeye.

Sisitemu za telefoni zigezwehoKuraho izi mbogamizi. Iyo hakoreshejwe akabuto kamwe, ibyuma bihita bitangira guhuza, binyura mu buryo butaziguye umuyoboro wa telefoni rusange (PSTN) maze bigahita bijyana umukoresha ku mutekano wa kaminuza, ku buyobozi bw'ikigo, cyangwa ahantu runaka ho gukemura ibibazo by'umutekano rusange (PSAP).

Ingaruka zo gukoresha uburyo bwo guhamagara no kumenya neza aho umuntu aherereye

Imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo gusubiza ituruka ku gukuraho ubusumbane bw'aho umuntu aherereye. Guhamagara telefoni zigendanwa 911 akenshi bishingiye ku gice cya kabiri cya E911, gishobora kugira ikosa riri hagati ya metero 50 na 300, cyane cyane mu mijyi myinshi cyangwa mu nyubako nyinshi. Ibi bituma abatumiza telefoni bamara amasegonda menshi babaza umuntu uhamagaye aho aherereye.

Sisitemu za telefoni zigezweho zikoresha uburyo bwo kumenya imibare y’imodoka (ANI) na porogaramu zo kumenya aho umuntu aherereye (ALI) kugira ngo zohereze imirongo nyayo y’ahantu cyangwa inyubako runaka z’inyubako itumanaho rihuriraho. Abatanga serivisi babona ako kanya ikarita y’ikigo yerekana aho itumanaho rikorera, bigatuma bashobora kohereza abakozi b’umutekano cyangwa serivisi z’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa ahantu nyaho hatarenze metero 1.

Ni iki gisobanura sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ikora neza cyane

Si uburyo bwose bwo gutumanaho bushobora gukora neza mu gihe cy’agahato cyangwa mu bihe bikomeye by’ibidukikije. Sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ikora neza cyane igaragazwa n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ibintu, amajwi asobanutse neza, no kwihuza n’ikoranabuhanga. Abaguzi b’ibigo bakunze gusaba ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu kurinda kwinjira, nka IP66 mu kwirinda ivumbi n’amazi, cyangwa NEMA 4X mu kurwanya ingese.

Ibice by'ingenzi by'ingenzi

Ibice by'ingenzi by'ikigo cyita ku bibazo byihutirwa birenga kure mikoro n'indangururamajwi bisanzwe. Amajwi yuzuye ni itegeko, yemerera uhamagaye n'uwatanze ubutumwa kuvuga icyarimwe nta gukata cyangwa ngo avugishe. Uburyo bugezweho bwo guhagarika urusaku bwahujwe kugira ngo buyungurure amajwi yo mu kirere, bigabanya neza urusaku rwo inyuma ho desibeli 20 kugeza kuri 30, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu nzira z'ubwikorezi, imihanda minini, cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa inganda.

Ibice bireba nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Udupira twa LED dushobora kugaragara cyane, akenshi dutanga urumuri ruri hagati ya miliyoni 1.5 z'amashanyarazi na lumens 320, dukora iyo umuntu atangiye guhamagara. Ibi ntibihumuriza gusa umuntu uhamagaye ahubwo binakora nk'urumuri rugaragara ku bantu bazaza, bikagabanya igihe cyo gushakisha mu biparikingi binini cyangwa mu bigo byijimye.

Amahitamo ya Analog vs VoIP vs telefoni zigendanwa vs wireless

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru rishingiye ku byo riteganya, haba ku bijyanye no gushyiraho no kuba sisitemu ihamye igihe kirekire. Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba guhitamo hagati ya analoge,Porotokole y'ijwi kuri interineti (VoIP), itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa, n'iry'umuntu ku giti cye rishingiye ku bikorwa remezo bihari n'imbogamizi z'ubutaka.

Sisitemu za VoIP zikoresha Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) zabaye ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda ku bikoresho bishya bikoreshwa bitewe n’ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukoresha interineti. Ubusanzwe zikenera 100 kbps gusa kuri buri guhamagara mu gihe zitwara amakuru y’ijwi ryimbitse n’amakuru ahoraho yo gusuzuma hakoreshejwe umurongo umwe.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu no kuyihuza kugira ngo habeho ubufasha bwihuse mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihuse

Kugura ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byiza ni intambwe ya mbere gusa; gushyiramo neza no guhuza izi endpoints mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga ni byo bigaragaza ubushobozi nyakuri bw'umuyoboro. Igice gishyizwe nabi gifite igihe cyo gukora cya 99.9% kiracyatanga igipimo cya zeru ku ijana cy'intsinzi iyo uwahohotewe atabashije kugigeraho mu masegonda make.

Ingamba zo gushyira abantu mu byiciro kugira ngo bahabwe serivisi nziza cyane

Ingamba zo gushyira abantu mu bihe by’impanuka zisaba ko telefoni z’ubutabazi zigomba gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kureba aho umuntu aherereye. Mu bibanza bifunguye nko muri kaminuza cyangwa aho imodoka ziparika, imikorere myiza mu nganda isaba ko ahantu hashyirwa abantu hadashyirwa abantu benshi hagati ya metero 200 na 300. Umuntu uri mu kaga agomba kuba ashobora kubona nibura ibyerekezo bibiri by’ubutabazi aho ari ho hose.

Ku bijyanye n'ahantu ho mu nzu, ahantu ho gushyira ibintu hagomba gushyirwa imbere ahantu hashobora guteza akaga cyangwa ahantu hiherereye, nko ku ngazi, aho abantu baparika imodoka, n'aho imodoka zihagarara munsi y'ubutaka aho ibimenyetso bya telefoni bikunze kwangirika. Ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hagaragara cyane, birinda impuzandengo cyangwa ahantu habangamiwe n'inzitizi cyangwa ubusitani.

Guhuza na sisitemu yo kohereza no kumenyesha abantu benshi

Kugira ngo byihutishe igihe cyo gutabara, telefoni zigomba gukora nk'aho zikorera mu buryo bwagutse bw'umutekano. Iyo zihujwe na Video Management Systems (VMS), gukanda buto y'ubutabazi bishobora gutuma kamera za Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) ziri hafi aho zihita zireba kuri terminal, bigatuma abatumiza amakuru bahita bamenya uko ibintu bimeze mbere yuko bavugana n'uwahamagaye.

Byongeye kandi, guhuza na porogaramu zo kumenyesha abantu benshi bituma indangururamajwi ziri kuri telefoni zigezweho zikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwagutse bwo kuvugira mu ruhame. Mu gihe cy'impanuka cyangwa ikirere kibi cyane, abashinzwe gutangaza ubutumwa bashobora gusakaza amabwiriza yafashwe mbere cyangwa ay'amajwi kuri terminal zose icyarimwe, bakagera ku rwego rwa decibel rushobora kugera kuri metero 1.8 kuri buri gice.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo kugereranya amahitamo ya sisitemu

Mu kugereranya amahitamo ya sisitemu, abafata ibyemezo bagomba gusuzuma ibipimo by'imikorere ifatika hamwe n'ibipimo by'imikorere. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo igihe hagati y'igihe cyagenwe (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 50.000, bigamije kwemeza ko ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byizerwa igihe kirekire. Abaguzi bagomba kandi gusuzuma ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo guhamagara icyarimwe.seriveri yo hagati, kwemeza ko sisitemu ishobora guhangana n'izamuka ritunguranye mu ikoreshwa idahagaritse imiyoboro.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, kubungabunga, n'inkunga y'abaguzi

Urusobe rw'itumanaho ryihutirwa rufite inshingano zikomeye. Kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga imikorere cyangwa kwirengagiza isuku isanzwe bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi mu gihe cy'impanuka, bigakurikirwa n'ingaruka zikomeye z'amategeko. Imiryango igomba kubahiriza amategeko agenga imyubakire no guhuza n'amategeko yemewe.ISOamahame y’imicungire myiza kugira ngo habeho kwitegura gukomeza gukora.

Kode, uburyo bwo kuzigeraho, n'ibisabwa mu isuzuma

Kuyubahiriza amategeko bitangirira ku buryo bworoshye. Dukurikije itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA) n’andi mahame mpuzamahanga asa nayo, uburyo bwo guhamagara bugomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo ibice bishobora gukoreshwa bibe hagati ya santimetero 34 na 48 uvuye ku igorofa rirangiye. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba birimo inyuguti za Braille, utubuto two guhamagara hejuru, no gukoresha intoki mu buryo butarimo ubumuga bwo kutabona neza kugira ngo abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kugenda cyangwa kutabona bashobore kwakira.

Gushyiramo ascenseur bireba igenzura ryinshi ry’amategeko, ubusanzwe rigengwa n’amategeko ya ASME A17.1. Aya mategeko ategeka ko itumanaho rya ascenseur rigomba guhita rigera ku kigo gishinzwe kugenzura amasaha 24/24, iminsi 7 ku munsi, kandi rigakubiyemo ubushobozi bwo gutumanaho bushingiye kuri videwo cyangwa ubutumwa bugufi ku bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva.

Gutunganya, gusuzuma, no gutegura gahunda yo gusiba abakozi

Amabwiriza yo kubungabunga yahindutse cyane kuva ku igeragezwa ryakozwe n'intoki kugeza kukugenzura byikoraSisitemu za kera zasabaga abashinzwe umutekano kugendagenda mu kigo no gupima buri tsinda buri kwezi. Serivisi zigezweho za VoIP na terefone zigendanwa zikoresha porogaramu yo kwisuzuma igenzura buri gice buri gihe kugira ngo imenye imikorere yacyo.

Gutegura uburyo bwo gusohora amakuru ni ingenzi cyane. Amasezerano yo gushyigikira abagurisha agomba kwemeza ko seriveri zo hagati zikora mu itsinda riboneka cyane. Aho zikorera hagomba kuba harimo amashanyarazi adashobora gucika (UPS) cyangwa bateri zikoreshwa mu buryo bwazo zishobora gukomeza gukora amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48, kandi zigatanga ikiganiro kidasubirwaho nibura amasaha 4 mu gihe cy'impanuka y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

Uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo byo guhitamo sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa

Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo guhamagara mu bihe byihutirwa bisaba uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko bufite gahunda ihuriza hamwe amafaranga akoreshwa ako kanya n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’ibikorwa mu gihe kirekire. Amashyirahamwe agomba kurenga kugereranya ibicuruzwa byo hanze no gukora isesengura ry’ibibazo by’inyongera ku rubuga no ku bihungabanya umutekano.

Isuzumabikorwa ry'intambwe ku yindi

Isuzuma ritangirana n'igenzura ry'ibikorwa remezo. Amatsinda y'ibigo agomba gushushanya inzira zisanzwe z'itumanaho, akagaragaza ko hari fibre y'umukara, umuringa usigaye, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwa PoE.gusimbuza umuyoboro w'itumanahoIri genzura rigaragaza niba gukoresha insinga cyangwa insinga ari byo byiza kurusha ibindi.

Nyuma y'igenzura, isuzuma ry'ibibazo rikorwa mu gace runaka rifasha kumenya uko ibi bikoresho biramba. Ikigo cyo ku nkombe kizakenera ibyuma 316 byo mu bwoko bwa "fine-stainless steel" kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika k'umunyu, mu gihe ikigo cy'ubucuruzi cyo mu gihugu gishobora gushyira imbere guhuza ubwiza no kurwanya kwangiza. Hanyuma, abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gusesengura uburyo bwo guhamagara: kumenya uwitaba mu masaha y'akazi ugereranyije n'uko amasaha ya nyuma y'akazi akenewe, ndetse no kumenya niba serivisi yo kugenzura iy'abandi ikenewe.

Uburyo bwo gupima ikiguzi, kwaguka, no guhuza ibikorwa

Gupima ikiguzi, kwaguka, no guhuza bisaba gusesengura Ikiguzi cyose cy’Ubucuruzi (TCO) mu gihe cy’imyaka 7 kugeza ku 10. Nubwo sisitemu za analog zishobora gutanga ikiguzi gito cy’ibikoresho bya mbere (akenshi hagati ya $500 na $1,200 kuri buri gikoresho), ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga imiyoboro y’umuringa yabugenewe gishobora kongeramo ibihumbi by’amadolari mu mafaranga ahoraho yo gutwara ibicuruzwa buri mwaka.

Ku rundi ruhande, VoIP na terefone zigendanwa bifite ibiciro biri hejuru mbere y’igihe—kuva ku madolari 1,500 kugeza ku madolari 3,500 kuri buri gice—ariko bikoresha imiyoboro ya IT isanzweho, bigabanya cyane fagitire z’itumanaho za buri kwezi. Uburyo bwo kwagura ikoranabuhanga kandi bukunda cyane sisitemu zishingiye kuri IP; kongeramo terminal nshya ya VoIP muri campus yaguka bisaba kugabanuka rimwe gusa kwa network, impuzandengo ya $3 kugeza ku $5 kuri buri metero yo gukoresha terefone, hamwe n’uruhushya rwa porogaramu, aho gusubiza imirongo mishya ya analog ahantu hatandukanye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi ku bijyanye na sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni gute sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwa zinoza igihe cyo gutabara?

Bahuza buto imwe, birinda gutinda guhamagara kuri telefoni zigendanwa, kandi bohereza amakuru y'aho baherereye ako kanya, bigafasha abashinzwe gusubiza kugera vuba.

Ni iyihe sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa ikora neza ku rubuga rwanjye?

Koresha VoIP ku nyubako zikoresha umuyoboro, analogi yo guhangana n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi, telefoni zigendanwa mu turere twa kure, na wireless mu gihe gukata imiyoboro bidashoboka.

Kuki kumenya neza aho ibintu biherereye ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa?

Aho ANI/ALI iherereye neza bituma abashinzwe kohereza ubutumwa bohereza ubufasha kuri terminal ikwiye ako kanya, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo kwemeza aho uhamagaye ari.

Ni ibihe bintu nkwiye kureba kuri telefoni yo hanze ifasha abantu kwitabazwa ibibazo byihutirwa?

Hitamo uburinzi bwa IP66 cyangwa NEMA 4X, amajwi yuzuye, guhagarika urusaku, na strobe ya LED irabagirana kugira ngo igaragare neza kandi irambe.

Ese telefoni zihutirwa za SINIWO zishobora guhuzwa na sisitemu zisanzwe z’umutekano cyangwa PBX?

Yego. SINIWO itanga telefoni zihutirwa zijyanye na SIP/VoIP zishobora gukoreshwa na IP PBX, ibiro by'umutekano, n'uburyo bwo gusubiza ibibazo by'inyubako.