Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Impuguke mu Indashyikirwa za PA muri Sisitemu ya PA

• Gushyira indangururamajwi mu nganda ni ikibazo cy’amajwi n’imiterere y’ahantu, si ikibazo cyo guhitamo ibicuruzwa gusa.
• Aho indangururamajwi zishyirwa, imbaraga za amplifier, n'ibura ry'insinga bigena ubushobozi bwo kumvikana kurusha imbaraga z'amashanyarazi gusa.
• Ibidukikije by’uruganda bisaba kuramba, kubungabunga, no gushyira imbere ibintu byihutirwa.
• Amahame ngenderwaho nkaIEC 60268-16naASTM E749bifasha mu gusobanura intego z'imikorere zishobora gupimwa.
• Amasano y'imbere agomba kuyobora abaguzi kuva ku gitekerezo kugeza ku gipimo cy'umusaruro, uburyo bwo kuwushyiraho, n'aho ibintu biherereye.

Gushyira indangururamajwi mu nganda mu rusobe rw'indangururamajwi bigomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe uburyo amajwi yumvikana, atari ugukwirakwira gusa, kuko sisitemu igera hose ariko ntiyumvikane iba ari ikibazo mu bikorwa. Mu byuma bikoresha amajwi, urusaku rw'inyuma akenshi ruba hagati ya 80 na 95 dBA hafi y'imashini ziremereye, mu gihe amatangazo y'imvugo akeneye urwego ruhagije kugira ngo agume ari meza nyuma y'intera, kugarura ibitekerezo, no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amajwi. Imishinga myiza ifata sisitemu ya PA nk'urwego rw'itumanaho rwakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki, ikoresha imiterere y'indangururamajwi, guhuza gutinda, no gushyira imbere ibikorwa byihutirwa kugira ngo ishyigikire ibikorwa n'umutekano. Igenzura rishingiye ku mahame ni ingenzi:IEC 60268-16isobanura uburyo bwo kohereza imvugo, mu giheUbuyobozi bw'urusaku bwa OSHAyibutsa amakipe y’ibigo ko kugenzura urusaku mu nganda ari ikibazo cy’umutekano, atari ikibazo cyo kwisanzura gusa.

Uburyo bwo Gushyira mu Bikorwa Umuvugizi w’Inganda muri Sisitemu y’Umuvugizi w’Inganda

Gushyira ahagaragara bigomba gutangirira ku ikoreshwa, kuko indangururamajwi zo mu ruganda zikoreshwa mu gusohora amakuru ku rubuga rw'amakuru (production paging) zakozwe mu buryo butandukanye n'indangururamajwi zikoreshwa mu gusohora amakuru, gutanga amakuru ku bikorwa, cyangwa guhuza ibikorwa. Icyemezo cya mbere ni ukumenya niba sisitemu ari iy'igihe gito cyangwa imiterere y'imyanzuro ya PA/ijwi ishoboye kurinda ubuzima. Iryo tandukaniro rihindura uburyo bwo gusohora amakuru ku rubuga rw'amakuru (amplifier redurance), gusiga bateri inyuma, gushyiramo amakuru ku rutonde rw'ibintu byihutirwa, gukoresha insinga, no gusuzuma uburyo bwo kwakira amakuru. Mu nganda nyinshi, umuyoboro umwe w'indangururamajwi utanga amatangazo ya buri munsi, imiburo yihutirwa, n'ubutumwa bwo gukora, bityo sisitemu igomba gutsindwa neza kandi igashyira imbere amajwi yihutirwa mu buryo bwikora.

Ku baguzi bagereranya amahitamo ya platform, bifasha gushyira umushinga ku miryango yihariye y'ibicuruzwa nkaibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda, ibisubizo bya telefoni mu nganda, naibikoresho by'itumanaho bikingira ikirereIzi paji z'imbere ziba ingirakamaro iyo umushinga wa PA uri mu rwego rwo kuvugurura itumanaho ry'inganda, kuko urubuga rumwe rukunze gukenera paji, guhamagara byihutirwa, no gutumanaho mu buryo bukomeye icyarimwe.

Ibisabwa ku bashinzwe kuvugana n'inganda mu nganda zirimo urusaku

Indangururamajwi zikoreshwa mu nganda nizo zishobora gutsinda ingaruka z'amajwi y'urubuga hamwe n'uburyo bwo kumva neza. Inzu z'uruganda zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi w'amajwi, ubuso bukomeye bwo kugaragaza urumuri, ibikoresho bigenda, n'uburyo abantu bakoresha ibintu bitandukanye, bivuze ko ahantu hashyirwa amajwi hahinduka umunsi wose. Intego rusange y'ubuhanga ni ugukomeza gutangaza hagati ya 10 na 15 dB hejuru y'urusaku rwo mu gace runaka kugira ngo hamenyekane amakuru asanzwe, ariko kugenzura uburyo ibintu bisobanutse birakenewe kuko uburyo bwo kumva gusa butizeza ko amagambo amenyekana.

Ku mishinga yihutirwa n'iy'amajwi, amakipe y'abashushanya akunze kwitaNFPA 72ku bijyanye n'amahame y'imenyesha n'itumanaho ryihutirwa, no kuIEC-inyandiko z'igikoresho zijyanye n'igihe uhitamo indangururamajwi, amplifiers, n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana. Iyo uruganda ruri hanze cyangwa ruri hanze igice, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere buba igice cy'igishushanyo cy'amajwi, ntabwo ari igitekerezo cyihariye. Indangururamajwi yangiritse iyo hari ubushuhe, ingese, cyangwa imirasire y'izuba ishobora gutuma habaho gucika bucece mbere yuko ikintu kigaragara kigaragara.

Uburyo bwo gupima urwego rw'umuvuduko w'uruganda n'igitera inkunga

Ingano y'indangururamajwi igomba gushingira ku buryo amajwi y'aho aturuka n'aho ahagarara, ntabwo ishingiye ku itegeko rimwe gusa. Muri sisitemu ya PA ikwirakwijwe, buri gace kagomba gutwikira agace runaka gafite umuvuduko uhagije w'amajwi n'uburyo bwo kumva, mu gihe amplifier igomba gutanga umwanya wo guhagarara no kwaguka mu gihe kizaza. Uburyo bwo gushushanya bufatika ni ukugereranya umubare w'indangururamajwi ukenewe, kwemeza imiterere ya buri ndangururamajwi cyangwa umutwaro wa impedance, kubara uburyo insinga zigabanuka, hanyuma ugasiga umwanya wa amplifier.

Urugero, uruganda rukoresha umurongo wa 100 V rushobora guhitamo gukanda inshuro nyinshi mu gace runaka kugira ngo umutwaro w'indangururamajwi ubashe kuringanizwa mu gihe cy'insinga ndende. Ubu buryo bukunze kugaragara muri sisitemu z'indangururamajwi za PA kuko bworoshya insinga mu bice binini kandi bugagabanya igihano cy'imikorere y'intera. Mu gace gato gafite aho umuntu yumva ibintu, gushyiraho uburyo bworoshye bwo guhagarara bishobora kuba bikwiye, ariko ntibiba byiza iyo insinga zigenda ndende cyangwa iyo amashami menshi yongewemo nyuma.

Iyo umushinga urimo kandi ingingo zo guhanahana amakuru mu murima, urupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa nk'ibiibikoresho byo gushyira ku rubuga rw'ingandabishobora gufasha injeniyeri gutegura uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bushingiye ku guhamagara abantu ku ruhande rw'umurongo, guhamagara abantu mu iduka, no gutangaza mu cyumba cy'ubuyobozi. Niba urubuga rukeneye ahantu ho guhamagara byihutirwa mu bice rusange cyangwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi,sisitemu za telefoni zihutirwaakenshi ni bimwe mu bigize imiterere imwe y'itumanaho.

Gushyiramo umuvugizi w’inganda n’uburyo bwo gutanga amajwi

Gushyiramo ni bwo buryo bwihuse bwo gutsinda cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva, kuko n'indangururamajwi ikomeye ishobora kumvikana nabi iyo ikoze mu buryo butari bwo. Intego si ijwi ryinshi cyane ahantu hamwe, ahubwo ni ugushyira ijwi mu buryo buringaniye mu gice cy'amajwi. Shyira indangururamajwi hejuru y'umutwe, uzishyire ku bumva aho zigaragara, kandi wirinde kuzishyira hafi cyane y'ubuso bunini bw'icyuma bushobora gutuma ijwi risohoka n'iry'amajwi bihinduka.

Mu nganda zifite inzira n'uturemangingo tw'akazi dutandukanye, gukoresha indangururamajwi nto nyinshi akenshi ni byiza kuruta nkeya nini cyane. Gukwirakwiza indangururamajwi bigabanya uturere twapfuye kandi bigatuma habaho umusaruro muke kuri buri gikoresho, ibyo bikaba byakongera ubushobozi bwo kuvuga neza. Mu duce tw'urusaku rwinshi, indangururamajwi y'inganda ikora nk'ihoni ishobora gukora neza kurusha igikoresho kinini gikwirakwira, cyane cyane iyo ahantu hafunguye, havuza urusaku, cyangwa hashyizwemo ivumbi n'ibisigazwa by'amazi.

1. Shyira ku ikarita umwanya ukurikije imikorere, ntabwo ari ukoresheje gridi gusa.
2. Pima urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe cy'akazi, atari mu masaha y'akazi gusa.
3. Shyira abavuga rikijyana mu turere duhuye n'imikorere n'iby'ingenzi mu mutekano.
4. Emeza buri gace ukoresheje isuzuma ryo kumva no gusobanukirwa.

Ku bice byo hanze cyangwa ku nkengero zikomeye, ikigo cyabugeneweigikoresho cy'itumanaho kidahura n'ikirereUrupapuro ni ingirakamaro iyo igishushanyo cya PA kigomba gukorana n'aho abantu bahamagara hafi y'aho baca, imbuga, cyangwa ibikoresho bigaragara. Muri ibi bihe, umuvugizi wa PA ashobora gukenera imitekerereze yo kurengera ingress kurusha sisitemu y'amajwi yo mu biro.

Amabwiriza n'Ibizamini ku Mikorere ya Sisitemu ya PA

Isuzuma rigomba kubakwa mu nzira yo gushyira mu bikorwa kuko sisitemu z'amajwi zigenwa n'ibyo abakoresha bumva mu miterere nyayo y'urubuga. Igipimo cy'ingirakamaro cyane ku mibare y'amajwi ni ugusobanukirwa, noIEC 60268-16ni cyo kimenyerewe cyane ku buryo bwo korohereza imvugo. Ingano za STI muri rusange ziri hagati ya 0 na 1, aho agaciro ko hejuru kagaragaza ko imvugo yumvikana neza. Ku bijyanye no gupima ibibazo byihutirwa mu nganda, amakipe y’urubuga agomba kwibanda ku bisubizo bihoraho kandi byanditse aho kwemeza ibitekerezo gusa.

Indi ngingo ifatika ni urwego rw’isi rwa NIST na OSHA, rushyigikira imyitwarire yo gupima no guhuza umutekano. Urugero,NISTitanga umuco wo gupima no kwemeza ko ibikoresho bipimwa neza, ibyo injeniyeri nyinshi zishingiraho mu kwemeza ibikoresho, mu giheUbuyobozi bw'urusaku bwa OSHAGucunga uburyo bwo gushyira ahagaragara amafoto mu nganda. Ku bijyanye no gushyira indangururamajwi no kuzikwirakwiza,ASTM E749ni ingirakamaro kuko ivuga ku magambo akoreshwa mu gusesengura no kugerageza imitekerereze mu buryo bushyigikira inyandiko z’umushinga zihoraho.

Amakosa yo gushyiraho indangururamajwi mu ruganda agabanya ubushobozi bwo kumva

Amakosa ahenze cyane yo gushyiramo akenshi ni acoustic, ntabwo ari electronic. Sisitemu ishobora kugenzura amashanyarazi ariko igakomeza kwangirika hasi kuko indangururamajwi zashyizwe hasi cyane, zigamije kugarura urumuri, cyangwa zigashyirwa hamwe hatitawe ku kugaruka kw'ijwi. Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ugukoresha amplifier cyane kugira ngo isubize imiterere mibi y'aho ijwi riherereye, ibyo bikaba byongera kugorama no kugabanya ubwumvikane bw'amagambo nubwo ijwi ryaba riri hejuru cyane.

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga nabwo ni ingenzi. Iyo indangururamajwi zo mu ruganda bigoye kuzibona, amatsinda aratinda gusukura, kugenzura no gusimbuza, ibyo byongera amahirwe yo kwangirika bitagaragara. Mu bidukikije bishobora kwangirika cyane cyangwa guhindagurika cyane, ibikoresho byo gushyiraho bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kuko uduce duto dushobora gutera guhindagurika, guhindagurika kw'amazi, ndetse no kwangirika. Aho bishoboka ko hashobora kwangirika, agace gakingira, grille, n'ibifunga bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe aho biherereye aho guhitamo ubwoko bw'inyubako.

• Irinde gushyira indangururamajwi aho ibikoresho byo guterura amapine, amapine, cyangwa imashini bishobora kuzikubita.
• Irinde kuvanga uturere tudafitanye isano dukenera ibintu byihutirwa bitandukanye.
• Irinde gukoresha indangururamajwi imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa zifite imbaraga nyinshi mu gupfuka uruganda runini.
• Irinde kwirengagiza imipaka y'inzira z'insinga n'inzira zo kwagura mu gihe kizaza.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo umuvugizi ukwiye w’inganda ku rubuga rwawe

Indangururamajwi ikwiye mu nganda itoranywa hakurikijwe ibidukikije, imirimo y'amajwi, n'ibikenewe mu guhuza. Niba urubuga rufite urusaku rwinshi mu kirere, hitamo icyitegererezo gifite ubuyobozi bugenzurwa kandi gitanga umusaruro uhagije kugira ngo gikomeze kugaragaza neza imvugo. Niba urubuga rutose, rufite ivumbi, cyangwa ruri hanze, shyira imbere uburinzi bw'aho ruherereye n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho. Niba umushinga ari igice cya sisitemu nini y'itumanaho ry'uruganda, genzura ko bihuye n'ibyuma bikurura amplifiers, paging controllers, emergency override logic, n'ibisabwa mu gukurikirana.

Abaguzi bakunze kwibanda cyane ku giciro cy’imashini, ariko ingaruka z’umushinga akenshi ziva ku gihe cyo kudakora, gusubiramo imirimo, no kutakirwa neza mu kibuga. Urubuga rw’abavuga rikijyana rugabanya serivisi zo guhamagara kandi rukongera uburyo abakora bakurikiza amategeko kuko ubutumwa bworoshye kumva no kwizera. Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko, igereranya ry’ingirakamaro cyane si watts na dB gusa, ahubwo ni niba umurongo w’ibicuruzwa ushobora gushyigikira itumanaho ryose kuva ku gusesengura amakuru asanzwe kugeza ku gusubiza ibibazo. Niyo mpamvu urupapuro rugari rw’ibicuruzwa nkaibisubizo bya telefoni mu ngandaIbintu: Sisitemu za PA ntizikunze kubaho mu buryo bwihariye ku ruganda nyarwo.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'imikorere y'imishinga ya sisitemu ya PA

Urutonde rw'ibintu byashyizweho rugabanya igihe cyo gushyiraho amajwi kandi rukarinda ko habaho gusubiramo ibintu mu buryo bushobora kwirindwa. Mbere yo gutangira gushyiraho amajwi, itsinda ry'abahanga rigomba kwemeza uturere two kumva, urusaku rw'ahantu hahurira amajwi, uburyo amajwi ashyirwamo, inzira y'insinga, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibintu mu buryo bwihutirwa. Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho amajwi, itsinda rigomba kugenzura ko amajwi yumvikana ahantu habi cyane ho kumva amajwi, atari hafi y'aho amajwi ahagarara gusa.

1. Sobanura ubwoko bw'ubutumwa: paging, alarm, gusohoka, cyangwa imburizi z'imikorere.
2. Pima urusaku rwo mu kirere ku masaha y'aho ibintu bigaragarira n'uko ibintu bihagaze.
3. Hitamo ubwoko bw'ikirangurura, uburebure bwo gushyiraho, n'uburyo bwo gutatanya.
4. Emeza imbaraga za amplifier, imiterere y'ahantu, n'imyitwarire yo gusimbuza.
5. Gerageza gusobanukirwa neza ukoresheje imvugo nyayo, ntabwo ari ibizamini by'ijwi gusa.
6. Gukoresha inyandiko zo kubungabunga, gusukura, no kugenzura igihe cyo gukoresha.

Ku matsinda y'imishinga akeneye imiterere yagutse y'itumanaho, amapaji y'ibikoresho by'imbere nkaibikoresho by'itumanaho mu ngandanasisitemu za telefoni zihutirwafasha guhuza sisitemu ya PA n'ibindi bice by'umutekano w'inganda n'imikorere yazo. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu bigo aho ikibazo cyo kugabanya imikorere y'inganda gishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo kuva mu kazi cyangwa kikabangamira imikoranire y'impinduka.

URUSORO RW'UMUVUGIZI W'IBIGO BY'INZUBA N'AGACIRO K'IMIKORERE

Agaciro k'imikorere y'umuvugizi w'inganda uhuza itumanaho gake, igihe cyo gusubiza vuba, no kugabanuka k'ubudahangarwa. Mu ruganda rufite impinduka nyinshi, sisitemu isobanutse ya PA igabanya amatangazo asubirwamo, amabwiriza yabuze, n'uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukemura ibibazo nko kugenda hasi ujya kohereza ubutumwa. Nubwo inyungu ituruka ku isoko ihinduka bitewe n'aho ikorera, inyungu nini akenshi ituruka ku kudahuza neza mu gihe cyo guhinduranya umusaruro, mu gihe cyo kubungabunga no mu bihe byihutirwa.

Mu bijyanye no gutanga amasoko, ishoramari rirushaho gukomera iyo ibikorwa remezo bimwe bishyigikira paging ya buri munsi no guhangana n’ibibazo. Ubwo buryo bwo gukoresha inshuro ebyiri bukwirakwiza ikiguzi mu bihe byinshi byo gukoresha, bunoza ikoreshwa, kandi bugabanye gukenera ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutumanaho. Ku mbuga zifite imiterere mibi, guhitamo urubuga rukomeye bigabanya kandi ingaruka zo gusimbuza inshuro nyinshi n’ingaruka zo guhagarika serivisi. Mu yandi magambo, indangururamajwi nziza y’uruganda si yo ivuga cyane; ni yo ikomeza kumvikana, ibungabungwa, kandi yizewe iyo uruganda rufite urusaku rwinshi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku bijyanye no Kohereza Abavugizi b'Indashyikirwa muri Sisitemu ya PA

1. Intego nyamukuru y'umuvugizi w'inganda mu ruganda ni iyihe?

Intego nyamukuru ni ugutanga amajwi mu buryo bwumvikana ahantu hakorerwa urusaku rwinshi, kugira ngo abakora bashobore kumva ubutumwa busanzwe n'ubwihutirwa vuba.

2. Nkeneye indangururamajwi zingahe kuri sisitemu ya PA yo mu ruganda?

Umubare uterwa n'ingano y'akarere, urusaku, uburebure bwo gushyiraho, n'icyerekezo cy'indangururamajwi, bityo igisubizo nyacyo gituruka ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'amajwi aho kuba itegeko rihoraho.

3. Ese indangururamajwi nini ihora ari nziza ku bijyanye no guhimba amajwi mu nganda?

Oya, kuko ijwi rirenga rishobora kumvikana nk'iritazwi neza niba aho riherereye, aho rigaragara, n'aho amplifier ishyirwa atari byo.

4. Ni izihe ngamba nkwiye kugenzura mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa?

Ibisobanuro bikunze kugaragara birimoIEC 60268-16kugira ngo bisobanuke neza,NFPA 72ku bijyanye n'itumanaho ryihutirwa, noUbuyobozi bw'urusaku bwa OSHAkugira ngo hamenyekane urusaku mu nganda.

5. Nigute nasuzuma niba sisitemu ikora neza bihagije?

Gerageza ahantu h’urusaku rwinshi kandi hagera kure cyane, koresha ibikubiye mu ijambo nyaryo, kandi wandike ibyavuye mu gusobanuka aho kwishingikiriza ku igenzura ryoroshye ryo gukoresha ingufu.

6. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indangururamajwi bwiza mu cyumba cy'ibitaramo cyuzuyemo urusaku?

Indangururamajwi zo mu nganda zikoresha icyerekezo cyangwa icyuma gikoresha ihoni akenshi biba byiza kuruta indangururamajwi zikwirakwira cyane iyo ahantu hafunguye, havuza urusaku, kandi hakarangwa n'urusaku.

7. Kuki sisitemu ya PA igomba guhuzwa n'ibindi bikoresho by'itumanaho byo mu nganda?

Kubera ko inganda zisanzwe zikenera uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru (paging), guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa, no gutumanaho mu buryo bwihuse, kandi imiterere ihuriweho yoroshye kuyibungabunga kuruta ibikoresho biri ukwabyo.