Uburyo bwo guhitamo umuvuduko ukwiye w'inganda mu bidukikije bikomeye

Impamvu umuvugizi mwiza w’inganda ari ingenzi

Mu nganda, ibidukikije by’amajwi ntibikunze gutekerezwaho; ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu mikorere. Imashini zikomeye, imiyoboro itunganya umuvuduko mwinshi, n’ibikoresho byo gufata ibikoresho bitanga urusaku ruhoraho rubangamira imiyoboro y’itumanaho ry’ibanze. Gukoresha sisitemu y’indangururamajwi mu nganda muri ibi bihe bigoye bisaba ibirenze kongera ijwi gusa—bisaba guhuza ubuhanga bw’amajwi, kuramba kw’ibikoresho, no kubahiriza amategeko agenga ubuzima.

Iyo amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko n'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi adashyizeho neza ibikoresho byo mu ruhame n'ibijyanye n'intabaza rusange (PA/GA), ingaruka zabyo zirenze kure ubuziranenge bw'amajwi. Imbogamizi zibaho iyo amabwiriza adashobora kumvikana ku rusaku rwo mu kirere, kandi ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho iyo ibimenyetso byo gusohoka mu gihe cy'impanuka byananiwe mu gihe cy'impanuka zikomeye. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo guhamagaraumuvugizi w'inganda agenzurako itumanaho rishingiye ku ntego rigera ahantu hafite amajwi menshi mu buryo bwizewe, rigakomeza imikorere ihoraho ndetse no kubahiriza amategeko neza.

Ingaruka z'ubucuruzi ku bavuga rikijyana badasobanutse neza

Gushyira ibikoresho by'amajwi mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi mu nganda biteza ibibazo bikomeye by'ubucuruzi. Ingaruka zikomeye cyane ni ukubura ubushobozi bwo kumva. Mu kigo aho urusaku rw'ikirere ruhora rurenga 85 dB (A), indangururamajwi idafite urwego rukwiye rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi (SPL) cyangwa frequency response) bituma amabwiriza y'amajwi atumvikana, bigatera amakosa mu gukora, guhagarika akazi, no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bihenze bitewe no kutabasha kuvuga neza.

Byongeye kandi, abavuga batavuzwe neza bashyira ibigo mu kaga gakomeye ko kugenzura no gutanga inshingano. Inzego zishinzwe umutekano mu kazi zitegeka uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru busobanutse kandi butagorana. Urugero, kudatanga uburyo buhagije bwo gutanga ubutumwa bwo kumva bishobora gutera ibihano bikomeye, aho inzego zishinzwe kugenzura nka OSHA zica amande ashobora kurenza $15.625 kuri buri ikosa ku byaha bikomeye by’umutekano. Mu gihe habaye impanuka ikomeye y’inganda, kudashobora kwerekana ko uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru yihutirwa bwujuje ibisabwa bishobora gutera imyenda ikomeye y’amategeko n’iy’imari ku kigo gikora.

Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima, igihe cyo gukora, n'ingaruka z'umutekano

Igiciro nyacyo cy'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha indangururamajwi mu nganda ntikigaragara mu ikoreshwa ryaryo ry'ibanze ry'imari shingiro (CAPEX), ahubwo kigaragara mu ikoreshwa ryaryo ryose ry'ubuzima n'ingaruka ku gihe cyo gukora.imimerere mibi y'inganda—nk'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rikabije, kwinjira mu duce duto, cyangwa ikirere cyangiza—biragabanuka vuba. Ikirangurura gisanzwe gishobora kugaragaza igihe hagati y'ibihe byangiritse (MTBF) cy'amasaha 5.000 kugeza ku 10.000 mu kirere cyiza, ariko ibi bigabanuka cyane mu ruganda cyangwa mu ruganda rw'ibinyabutabire.

Ku rundi ruhande, indangururamajwi yubatswe mu nganda yagenewe igihe kirekire, akenshi ifite MTBF irenga amasaha 50.000 ndetse no mu gihe cy’agahato gahoraho. Nubwo ikiguzi cy’inganda gishobora kuba kiri hejuru y’inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bw’ubucuruzi, kuzigama abakozi bo kubungabunga, gusimbuza ibice, no kwirinda igihe cyo kuruhuka bitanga ikiguzi gito cyane cyo gutunga (TCO) mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 y’imikorere. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, igihe cyemewe cyo gukora indangururamajwi y’inganda gituma sisitemu z’umutekano w’ubuzima zikomeza gukora, zirinda abakozi kandi zikagabanya ibyago byo gufungwa kw’inganda zose.

Ni iki gisobanura umuvugizi w’inganda ubangamira ibidukikije?

Gusobanura indangururamajwi mu nganda bisaba kureba kure y’imbaraga z’ibanze n’uburyo bwo gusubiza inshuro nyinshi. Indangururamajwi nyayo irangwa n’ibidukikije bikomeye ishyirwa mu byiciro bitewe n’uburyo ibasha kubaho mu bihe bikomeye n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwerekana amajwi asobanutse neza mu kirere kigoye kandi cyuzuyemo urusaku rwinshi. Ibi bikoresho byakozwe kugira ngo bikore mu ihuriro ry’ubumenyi bw’ibintu bikomeye n’imbaraga zidasanzwe z’amajwi.

Kugira ngo basuzume neza indangururamajwi zo mu nganda, abahuza sisitemu bagomba gusuzuma ibintu byihariye bibangamira ibidukikije aho byashyizwe kandi bakabishyira hamwe n’ibipimo by’uburinzi n’amajwi by’igikoresho. Ibi bituma indangururamajwi zitazarokoka gusa ibidukikije ahubwo zigakora n’inshingano yabyo y’ibanze: gutanga amajwi yumvikana neza.

Sisitemu z'amajwi mu nganda cyangwa mu bucuruzi

Itandukaniro riri hagati y’amajwi yo mu nganda n’ay’ubucuruzi riri ahanini mu bikoresho byayo by’ubwubatsi n’uburyo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe. Indangururamajwi z’ubucuruzi zikunze gukoresha pulasitiki ya ABS, udupira tw’impapuro, n’ibikoresho by’ibanze bikoreshwa mu maduka cyangwa mu biro bigenzurwa n’ikirere. Iyo bihuye n’imirasire ya UV, umwuka wa shimi, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije, ibyo bikoresho birahindagurika, bikangirika, amaherezo bikananirwa.

Indangururamajwi zo mu nganda zikorwa mu byuma bikonjesha cyane, bifite imiterere ya UV, aluminiyumu yo mu mazi, cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316L. Ibice byazo by'imbere bifite diyafragi za phenolic cyangwa titanium zavuwe zirwanya ubushuhe n'iyangirika ry'imiti. Mu bushyuhe, indangururamajwi zo mu nganda zagenewe gukora mu bushyuhe bwagutse cyane, ubusanzwe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +70°C, bigamije gukora neza haba mu nyubako zo hanze zikonjesha ndetse no mu byumba by'amazi birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'ibidukikije bigomba gusuzumwa

Mbere yo guhitamo umuvuduko w'amajwi, igenzura ryimbitse ry'ibidukikije ry'ahantu hashyirwa ni ngombwa. Ibintu by'ingenzi bibangamira ibidukikije birimo uduce duto two mu kirere (umukungugu, ibyuma bitogosheje), ubushuhe (ubushuhe bwinshi, imvura itaziguye, amazi asukura mu mazi ashyushye), n'imiti ihumanya (imyuka yangiza, umunyu ushyirwa mu mazi mu nkombe).

Gutigita no guhungabana nabyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi, cyane cyane mu nganda ziremereye cyangwa hafi y'imashini nini zizunguruka. Indangururamajwi zo muri utwo turere zigomba kubahiriza amahame y'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere, nka MIL-STD-810G, kugira ngo imitingito ihoraho idatuma ijwi ry'imbere cyangwa uduce dufata amajwi bigabanuka. Gusuzuma ibi bintu bigena uburyo bwo kurinda kwinjira no gufunga ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo hirindwe ko byangirika vuba.

SPL, Ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu, no gukwirakwiza amajwi

Imikorere y'ijwi mu bidukikije bikomeye igenwa n'ibipimo bitatu: Urwego rw'Umuvuduko w'Ijwi (SPL), Ubushobozi bwo kumvikana, no gukwirakwira kw'amajwi. Kugira ngo ihangane n'urusaku rw'inganda, indangururamajwi igomba gukora SPL iri hagati ya +10 dB na +15 dB hejuru y'urwego rw'urusaku rw'inyuma ruhoraho aho umuntu yumva aherereye. Urugero, niba icyumba cya compressor gikorera kuri 90 dB (A), indangururamajwi igomba gutanga 100-105 dB (A) aho umukozi akorera.

Ariko, ijwi rinini ntirihagije iyo hatabayeho gusobanuka neza, nk'uko bipimwa na Speech Transmission Index (STI). Amanota ya STI ari hejuru ya 0.50 muri rusange arakenewe kugira ngo ijwi risobanuke neza. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho bisaba indangururamajwi zifite igisubizo cyagutse ku mvugo y'abantu (ubusanzwe kuva kuri 300 Hz kugeza kuri 4.000 Hz) n'inguni zigenzurwa. Amahembe magufi yo gukwirakwiza (urugero, dogere 60 kugeza kuri 70) akoreshwa mu gusohora urusaku mu ntera ndende nta gukurura cyane, mu gihe utubati twagutse two gukwirakwiza (kugeza kuri dogere 120) tuba tubereye cyane mu gukwirakwiza ahantu hanini hahurira urusaku rwo hasi kandi hafunguye.

Ibisobanuro byo Kuramba no Kurinda

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu mu nganda bupimwa binyuze mu buryo busanzwe bwo gupima ibintu ku isi. Ibi bipimo bitanga uburyo bwizewe bwo guhuza ibikoresho n’ubukana bw’ibidukikije, bigatuma ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga imbere biguma bitandukanye n’imbaraga zangiza zo hanze.

Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gusobanura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bipimo byo kurinda—kuva ku kwirinda amazi by’ibanze kugeza ku byemezo bigezweho birwanya guturika—ni ryo shingiro ryo kugena sisitemu yizewe ya PA/GA mu nganda.

Isuzuma rya IP, Ubwoko bwa NEMA, n'Ubudahangarwa bwa Kanseri

Isuzuma ry’uburyo bwo kwirinda kwinjira mu kirere (IP) n’ubwoko bw’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora amashanyarazi (NEMA) ni byo bimenyetso by’ingenzi bigaragaza ko indangururamajwi iramba. Sisitemu yo gusuzuma IP ikoresha imibare ibiri: iya mbere igaragaza uburyo bwo kwirinda ibintu bikomeye (umukungugu), n’iya kabiri igaragaza uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi (amazi). Ku nganda zikomeye, IP66 (uburinzi ku nyanja nini cyangwa amazi menshi) cyangwa IP67 (uburinzi kurohama by’agateganyo) ni byo bipimo ngenderwaho.

Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, amanota ya NEMA akunze gukoreshwa hamwe n’amanota ya IP, atanga ibisobanuro by’inyongera ku bijyanye no kurwanya ingese. Urugero, amanota ya NEMA 4X ntabwo akingira gusa ivumbi ritwarwa n’umuyaga n’amazi ayoborwa n’imiyoboro y’amazi, ahubwo anagaragaza ko arwanya ingese. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho akenshi bisaba ko icyuma gifunga indangururamajwi n’udukingirizo two gushyiramo ibikoresho bigomba kuba bikoze mu cyuma cya 316L cyangwa polyester yihariye ikoreshwa mu birahure (GRP).

Iyo bikenewe ko hakoreshwa imbuga zirinda guturika

Mu nyubako zirimo imyuka itwika, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya—nk'inganda zitunganya peteroli, ascenseur z'ibinyampeke, cyangwa inganda zikora amarangi—indangururamajwi zisanzwe z'inganda zishobora gutera ibyago byo gushya. Muri izi nganda ziteje akaga, indangururamajwi zirinda guturika cyangwa zitekanye mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko zirasabwa. Ibi bikoresho bigenzurwa cyane n'uburyo nka ATEX na IECEx mu Burayi, na sisitemu y'igihugu y'amategeko agenga amashanyarazi (NEC) muri Amerika ya Ruguru.

An indangururamajwi idaturika(urugero, ihabwa amanota ya ATEX Zone 1 cyangwa Class I, Division 1) ifite agakingirizo karinda umuriro (Ex d). Iyi miterere ireba ko niba ikosa ry'amashanyarazi imbere ritera umuriro utwika gazi iri mu nzu y'indangururamajwi, agakingirizo kazaba gafite iturika kandi gakonjesha imyuka isohoka munsi y'ubushyuhe bwikora bw'ikirere gikikije. Kugena ibi bice bisaba guhuza neza icyemezo cy'indangururamajwi n'itsinda nyaryo rya gazi (urugero, IIB, IIC) n'itsinda ry'ubushyuhe (urugero, T4, T6) by'ikigo.

Kugereranya Ijwi ry'Ihoni, Akabati, n'Ijwi ry'Ipaji

Indangururamajwi zo mu nganda muri rusange zigwa mu bintu bitatu: indangururamajwi zikoresha amajwi, indangururamajwi zo mu kabati, n'inganda zikoresha amajwi yihariye. Indangururamajwi zikoresha amajwi ni zo zikoreshwa mu gukurura cyane ahantu hakorerwa urusaku rwinshi. Zikoresheje igikoresho gikurura amajwi hamwe n'ihoni ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, zikora neza cyane, akenshi zishobora gukora SPL zirengeje dB 120 kuri metero 1. Imiterere yazo y'icyerekezo ituma ziba nziza mu kwinjira mu rusaku rwinshi mu ntera ndende, nubwo ubwinshi bwazo buhinduka cyane ku ntera yo hagati n'iyo hejuru, bigatuma zidakora neza mu muziki wo inyuma.

Indangururamajwi zo mu kabati n'iz'amashusho zikoreshwa iyo hakenewe igisubizo cyagutse n'uburyo amajwi akoreshwa neza, nko mu byumba byo kugenzura cyangwa aho amajwi akorerwa urusaku ruke. Nubwo zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha STI ku butumwa bw'amajwi bugoye, akenshi zikoresha SPL nkeya (90 kugeza 105 dB kuri metero 1) kandi zigasaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kongera imbaraga kugira ngo zigere ku gice kimwe n'ihoni. Guhitamo hagati y'ubwo bwoko bisaba kuringaniza akamaro ko kwinjira mu ijwi ridakoreshejwe neza ugereranije n'uko amajwi akoreshwa neza.

Ihuzabikorwa, Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, n'Ibiciro

Kugura indangururamajwi zo mu nganda ni kimwe mu bigize iki gipimo; kuyishyira mu muyoboro w’itumanaho uhuza ibigo byose bitanga ibintu bigoye bijyanye n’amashanyarazi, amategeko, n’imari. Indangururamajwi igomba guhuza neza n’ibikorwa remezo byo kongera ingufu biriho mu gihe ikurikiza amategeko agenga umutekano w’ubuzima mu karere.

Gusuzuma mbere y’igihe ibisabwa mu guhuza porogaramu birinda ivugurura rihenze mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho kandi bikerekana ko sisitemu yashyizweho ikora neza mu gihe cyose yagenewe.

Guhuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, impedansi, na amplifier

Sisitemu za PA/GA z’inganda ubusanzwe zikoresha imirongo y’amajwi ikwirakwizwa ifite ingufu nyinshi—akenshi muri Amerika ya Ruguru na 100V ku rwego mpuzamahanga—aho gukoresha sisitemu za 8-ohm nkeya ziboneka mu majwi y’abaguzi. Ubu buryo bwa volteji nini bugabanya igihombo cy’amashanyarazi mu gihe insinga ndende zikoreshwa mu nganda nini, bigatuma indangururamajwi nyinshi ziboherwa ku muyoboro umwe w’amajwi.

Kugira ngo ihuzwe n'izi sisitemu, indangururamajwi zo mu nganda zifite transformateur zo mu nganda zishyirwa imbere. Izi transformateur zifite "taps" nyinshi (urugero: 1W, 2W, 4W, 8W, 15W, 30W), zituma abashyiraho bahindura amashanyarazi bakuramo na SPL ya buri ndangururamajwi hakurikijwe aho iherereye. Kubara neza taps za transformateur ni ingenzi cyane; imbaraga zose za interuro zose zifashwe ku murongo ntizigomba kurenza 80% by'ubushobozi bwa amplifier kugira ngo hirindwe ko transformateur yangirika cyangwa ngo amplifier inanirwa.

Impamyabumenyi n'Amahame ngenderwaho y'Akarere

Kubahiriza amahame y’akarere n’ay’ikoreshwa ryayo ntabwo bishobora kuganirwaho ku buryo bw’amajwi yo mu nganda, cyane cyane iyo akoreshwa nk’imiyoboro y’itumanaho ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’impanuka. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, indangururamajwi zikoreshwa mu gutanga amajwi y’inkongi y’umuriro no gutanga amajwi y’impanuka zigomba kuba zifite icyemezo cya UL 1480 (Sisitemu zo Kurinda Ingufu). Mu Burayi, amahame angana na yo ni EN 54-24, agena imikorere ihamye ku ndangururamajwi zikoresha amajwi y’inkongi y’umuriro.

Byongeye kandi, abavuga rikijyana mu nzego runaka bagomba kuba bujuje ibyangombwa byihariye. Abavuga rikijyana mu mazi no mu mahanga akenshi bakenera uruhushya ruturutse mu mashyirahamwe yo gushyira mu byiciro nka DNV cyangwa ABS. Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije, nkaRoHS na REACH, ni ngombwa kandi mu gutanga amasoko ku isi. Kwemeza izi mpamyabushobozi mu gihe cyo guhitamo bitanga icyizere ko umushinga uzanyura mu igenzura rya nyuma ry’umutekano n’igenzura rikorwa n’inzego z’ibanze zifite ububasha bwo kugenzura (AHJ).

Gushyiramo n'Ikiguzi cyose cy'Ubutunzi

Gushyira indangururamajwi mu nganda bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku giciro rusange cy’ubunyamwuga (TCO). Indangururamajwi zikomeye zishobora gutwika zishobora gupima hagati ya kg 5 na kg 15, bigasaba udupfunyika two gushyiraho dukomeye kandi tudahungabana—akenshi dupfunyika tw’icyuma kitagira umugese two mu bwoko bwa stainless steel dutuma umuntu ashobora gukoresha neza amajwi. Igiciro cyo gukoresha insinga zidasanzwe cyangwa zirinda umuriro kuri izi nganda gishobora kurenza ikiguzi cy’indangururamajwi ubwazo.

Mu kubara TCO, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kureba kure y’igiciro cya mbere cy’ibikoresho, ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya $300 na $800 ku bikoresho bisanzwe by’inganda, na $2.000 ku bikoresho byihariye byemewe na ATEX. Indangururamajwi ihendutse kandi idakomeye itwara amafaranga menshi ku mirimo yo gusimbuza ibikoresho, gukodesha ibikoresho byo gukodesha, no guhagarika gukora. Gushora imari mu bikoresho bikomeye kandi byemewe bigabanya cyane ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, bigatuma TCO iba nke kandi igatanga ubwishingizi bwizewe mu mutekano umwaka ushize.

Gahunda yo Guhitamo Abavuga mu Nzu

Guhitamo indangururamajwi nziza mu nganda bisaba uburyo buhamye buhuza siyansi y’amajwi n’ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga. Kwishingikiriza ku gukekeranya cyangwa kwigana ibipimo bya kera akenshi bitera sisitemu kudakoresha neza cyangwa zihenze cyane bitari ngombwa.

Bakoresheje uburyo bwo guhitamo bufite gahunda, abayobozi b'ibigo, injeniyeri mu by'amajwi, n'abashinzwe gutanga amasoko bashobora kugaragaza neza ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu mikorere no mu mutekano.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Intambwe ku Ntambwe

Guhitamo bigomba gutangirira ku bushakashatsi bwuzuye bw’amajwi y’ikigo. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba gupima urwego rw’urusaku ruri mu kirere muri dB (A) mu turere dutandukanye tw’imikorere mu gihe cy’umusaruro mwinshi. Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bw’amajwi, hakorwa igenzura ry’ibidukikije kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ubushuhe, umukungugu, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’imyuka itwika. Ibi bigena amanota akenewe ya IP, NEMA, na ATEX/Hazardous Location.

Hanyuma, imiterere ya sisitemu igomba gusuzumwa. Indangururamajwi zatoranijwe zigomba guhuza ibikorwa remezo by’inyongeramusaruro by’ikigo (urugero, 70V/100V ihuye n’umurongo) n’ingengo y’imari yose y’amashanyarazi. Amaherezo, isuzuma ry’amategeko agenga aho utuye rigena ibyemezo byihariye by’umutekano w’ubuzima (nka UL 1480 cyangwa EN 54-24) ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite. Gukurikiza izi ntambwe enye bireba inzira yo gutanga amasoko ihamye kandi ikurikije amategeko.

Kunoza imikorere y'ijwi no kuramba kwaryo.

Ikibazo gikomeje kubaho mu gushushanya amajwi mu nganda ni ukugereranya imikorere y’amajwi n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Ibikoresho biramba cyane, nka aluminiyumu nini cyangwa uduce tudaturika, ni byiza cyane mu kurinda ibice by’imbere ariko bishobora kugabanya ijwi ry’amajwi no kugabanya imbaraga zo kuyasubiza. Ibi bishobora kwangiza gato ijwi karemano ry’amajwi ugereranije n’utubati tworoshye kandi tw’ubucuruzi.

Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, abashushanya sisitemu bagomba gushyira imbere ubumenyi bw'ijwi kuruta ubuhanga bwo mu muziki. Mu guhitamo indangururamajwi zifite umurongo uhuza ijwi ry'umuntu (wiyongera hagati ya 1 kHz na 4 kHz), sisitemu ishobora kugera ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo kohereza imvugo (STI) nubwo ifite uruziga rurerure kandi rukomeye. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha indangururamajwi nyinshi zifite imbaraga nke zikwirakwizwa ahantu hose akenshi bitanga ubumenyi bwiza kandi bungana kuruta kwishingikiriza ku ihoni rimwe rikomeye cyane rituma habaho amajwi n'amajwi ashyushye cyane.

Urutonde rwa nyuma rw'ibipimo

Mbere yo kurangiza itegeko ryo kugura, abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi n'abashinzwe gutanga amasoko bagomba guhuza ibikoresho byabo bahisemo n'urutonde rwa nyuma rw'ibipimo. Ubwa mbere, banza urebe neza umusaruro w'amajwi: ese SPL y'umuvugizi ku bushobozi bwo gukanda itanga +15 dB ikenewe hejuru y'urusaku ntarengwa ruri ku ntera y'uwumva? Emeza ko inguni y'ikwirakwizwa ihuye n'imiterere y'agace kugira ngo ugabanye ingufu z'amajwi zapfushijwe.

Icya kabiri, genzura ibipimo by’umubiri n’iby’amategeko. Menya neza ko amanota ya IP ahuye n’ibibera mu bidukikije, nko gukaraba hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi bisaba IP66. Emeza ko icyemezo cy’agace kangiza ikirere gihuye neza n’urwego rw’ahantu ho gushyiramo icyuma cyangwa ishami. Hanyuma, genzura ko ibikoresho byo gushyiramo icyuma bipimirwa hakurikijwe uburemere bw’icyuma gitanga amajwi (akenshi kuva kuri 5kg kugeza kuri 15kg ku bikoresho biremereye by’inganda) n’imiterere y’aho icyuma gitembera. Kuzuza uru rutonde rw’amajwi byemeza ko hashyizweho sisitemu y’amajwi ikomeye, ikora neza kandi ikurikiza amabwiriza y’inganda.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Garagaza indangururamajwi zo mu nganda ukurikije urusaku rwo mu kirere, SPL ikenewe, intera yo gukwirakwizwa, n'uburyo ijwi rishobora kumvikana aho kuba imbaraga zonyine.
• Irinde indangururamajwi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bikoresho bikomeye kuko ivumbi, ubushuhe, ingese, kunyeganyega, n'ubushyuhe bishobora gutuma ibintu bigwa vuba.
• Ku bice biteje akaga nka peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, cyangwa gutunganya imiti, banza urebe ko hari ibyangombwa bisabwa bidashobora guturika nka ATEX mbere yo kugura.
• Tekereza ku giciro cy'ubuzima kuko indangururamajwi zikomeye mu nganda zishobora kugabanya gusimbuza, kubungabunga, igihe cyo kudakora, no kwangirika kwa sisitemu y'umutekano mu gihe cy'imyaka 10.
• Huza indangururamajwi na sisitemu za PA/GA, paging, VoIP, intercom, na sisitemu zo guhamagara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi kugira ngo inzogera n'amabwiriza bigere ku bakozi mu buryo bwizewe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gituma icyuma gitanga umuvuduko mu nganda kibera ahantu habi?

Indangururamajwi zikoreshwa mu nganda zihuza urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi menshi, ibikoresho biramba bipfundikiye, kurwanya ingese, kurinda kwinjira, kwihanganira ubushyuhe, no kumva neza ijwi. Mu turere dufite akaga, igomba kandi kuzuza ibyemezo bifatika nka ATEX cyangwa andi mahame y'umutekano akurikizwa.

Indangururamajwi y’inganda ikwiye kugira ijwi ringana iki mu nyubako irimo urusaku?

Indangururamajwi igomba kuba isakuza bihagije kugira ngo itsinde urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe ikomeza kumvikana neza. Mu duce turi hejuru ya 85 dB (A), amatsinda agomba kubara SPL ikenewe ku ntera y'abayumva no gusuzuma aho indangururamajwi ziherereye, inguni zo gutwikira, n'imiterere ya sisitemu ya PA/GA.

Kuki tudakoresha indangururamajwi z'ubucuruzi mu nganda?

Indangururamajwi z’ubucuruzi ntizagenewe ivumbi, ubushuhe, kunyeganyega, ingese, ubushyuhe bukabije, cyangwa ikirere giturika. Zishobora kwangirika vuba, zikagabanya uburyo ubutumwa bwihutirwa busobanutse, zikongera ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, kandi zigatera ibyago byo kubahiriza amategeko cyangwa ingaruka zo kubazwa.

Ese indangururamajwi zirinda guturika zirakenewe ahantu hacukurwa peteroli, gaze, cyangwa ahantu hacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro?

Bishobora kuba bikenewe aho imyuka, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi bishobora gushya. Ibigo bigomba gukurikiza ibisabwa mu gushyira mu byiciro ibintu biteje akaga no guhitamo ibikoresho byemewe, nk'ibicuruzwa by'itumanaho bifite amanota ya ATEX, aho bikenewe.

Ni gute guhitamo umuvugizi bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cyose cy'umutungo?

Indangururamajwi ikomeye mu nganda ishobora gutwara amafaranga menshi mbere y’igihe, ariko ishobora kugabanya gusimbuza, abakozi bo gusana, igihe cyo kuruhuka, no kunanirwa kw'itumanaho mu gihe cy'impanuka. Ibyuma byubatswe ku buryo bw'agateganyo bishobora kumara igihe kirekire cyane ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubucuruzi mu bihe bikomeye.