Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni zo hanze zijyanye n'ibibazo byihutirwa mu gihe cy'impanuka zikomeye

Impamvu telefoni zo hanze zikoreshwa mu gihe cy'impanuka ari sisitemu y'ingenzi y'umutekano

Terefone zo hanze zikoreshwa mu butabazi bw’ibanze zikora nk'inzira z'ingenzi mu bidukikije aho ibikorwa remezo by’itumanaho bisanzwe bitaboneka, bitari ibyizerwa cyangwa bitaboneka mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Nubwo ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho bigendanwa bwahinduye uburyo rusange bwo gutumanaho, inganda zishobora guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye, amashuri makuru ya kaminuza, n’inzira zo mu muhanda zitwara abantu kure biracyakeneye ibikoresho by’itumanaho byihariye kandi bihoraho. Izi sisitemu zemeza ko habaho isano ryihuse kandi rihamye n’ibikoresho byo kohereza ibintu byihutirwa, binyuranyije n’imiterere y’uturere twapfuye, bateri zapfuye, n’umubyigano w’imiyoboro.

Gushyira mu bikorwa izi gahunda birenga uburyo bworoshye bworoshye; ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gucunga ingaruka z'ibigo no guteza imbere umutekano w'ubuzima. Mu gushyiraho ahantu hazwi kandi hagaragara, ibigo byuzuza inshingano zabyo zo kwita ku bibazo mu gihe binoroshya cyane uburyo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka. Gusobanukirwa uruhare nyarwo n'ibyo izi mashini zisaba mu mikorere ni intambwe ya mbere mu guteza imbere urwego rw'umutekano ruhamye.

Kugabanya igihe cyo gusubiza n'inshingano

Akamaro k'ibanze ka telefoni yo hanze y'ubutabazi ni ukugabanya gushyamirana mu bihe bikomeye by'impanuka. Mu guhamagara 911 isanzwe, abatumiza telefoni bagomba kwishingikiriza ku mpandeshatu kugira ngo bamenye aho umuntu uhamagaye aherereye, inzira ishobora gufata igihe kinini kandi igatanga ibisubizo bitari byo, cyane cyane mu nyubako nyinshi cyangwa ahantu hanini h'inganda. Telefoni zidasanzwe zishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye hamwe n'amakuru nyayo y'ahantu muri serivisi y'ubucuruzi bwite (PBX) cyangwa sisitemu yo kohereza ubutumwa hakoreshejwe mudasobwa (CAD).

Uku kumenya aho umuntu aherereye byateguwe mbere bigabanya igihe cyo gutangira gutabara mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ku mpuzandengo y’amasegonda 40 kugeza kuri 60 ugereranije n’amatelefone asanzwe. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ubu buryo bigabanya cyane inshingano z’ikigo. Mu gutanga itumanaho ryizewe kandi rishoboka, imiryango igaragaza ko yubahiriza inshingano zayo zo kwita ku bantu, bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku bwishingizi no kurinda ibirego by’uburangare mu gihe habayeho impanuka zikomeye z’umutekano cyangwa impanuka zo mu kazi.

Gusobanura Terefone zihutirwa zikoreshwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije

Ibikoresho bisanzwe by'itumanaho birangirika vuba iyo bihuye n'ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije. Telefoni y'ubutabazi ikoreshwa mu buryo bukabije yakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo ishobore kwihanganira imimerere ishobora guhita yangiza ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi. Ibi bikoresho byubatswe kugira ngo bikore neza mu bushyuhe bukabije, akenshi bihabwa amanota yo gukomeza gukora kuva kuri -40°C kugeza +70°C (-40°F kugeza +158°F).

Uretse ubushyuhe, telefoni zikoreshwa mu bidukikije bikomeye zifite utubati twacapwe twakozwe mu buryo bwa "conformal-coated circuit boards" (PCBs) kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho uduce duto duterwa no guhumeka kw'amazi, ubushuhe bwinshi, cyangwa imyuka yo mu kirere yangiza. Ibice by'imbere bitoranywa kugira ngo birambe igihe kirekire cyane, akenshi bifite igihe cyo hagati y'ibihe byangiritse (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 50.000. Uku gushimangira imiterere n'ikoranabuhanga bituma igikoresho gikomeza gukora neza nubwo cyaba cyarahuye n'imirasire ya UV mu myaka myinshi, imirasire ya firime ikomeza gukonja, n'uduce duto two mu kirere.

Porogaramu zisanzwe zo guhamagara abantu batabarwa mu gihe cyo hanze

Gushyira mu bikorwatelefoni zo hanze zishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwaIfite amashami menshi, buri imwe ifite ibyo ikenera mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no mu mikorere. Inzego zishinzwe gutwara abantu zishingikiriza cyane kuri ubu buryo, zishyiraho udusanduku two guhamagara ku muhanda mu ntera ya kilometero 1 kugeza kuri 2 kugira ngo zifashe abatwara ibinyabiziga babuze aho bahurira n’imodoka zigendanwa. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, urubuga rwa gari ya moshi n’inzira zo munsi y’ubutaka zikoresha izi nganda mu gucunga umutekano w’abagenzi no gutanga raporo ku bibazo by’umutekano by’abagenda ku muhanda.

Mu rwego rw'inganda, inganda zikora ibikomoka kuri peteroli, aho gutunganya amazi yanduye, naibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciroShyira telefoni zirinda ubutabazi mu buryo bwizewe ahantu hari imyuka iturika cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya. Amashuri makuru n'ibigo ni ikindi kintu gikomeye gikoreshwa, aho iminara y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze ishyirwa mu buryo bw'ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu wese ahore ari mu ntera ya metero 200 kugeza kuri 300 uvuye aho itumanaho riherereye, gukumira ibyaha no gutanga ubufasha bwihuse mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'umutekano.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki byo gusuzuma

Gusuzuma imiterere ya tekiniki ya telefoni zo hanze zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’impanuka bisaba uburyo buhamye bwo kwemeza ko ibikoresho bihuye n’ibyago byihariye. Ibyemezo byo gutanga amasoko bigomba gushingira ku makuru y’ubushakashatsi n’ibipimo by’ibizamini bisanzwe aho gushingira ku miterere y’imiterere y’ibikoresho. Intego nyamukuru ni uguhuza ubushobozi bwa telefoni n’ibibazo bibi cyane by’ibidukikije izahura nabyo.

Abayobozi b'umutekano n'abahuza sisitemu bagomba gusesengura inzego eshatu z'ingenzi za tekiniki: amanota yo kurinda ibidukikije n'ibintu, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi n'ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro, hamwe n'ubushobozi bw'imikoreshereze y'umukoresha. Ibura muri kimwe muri ibi bice rishobora kwangiza umuyoboro wose w'umutekano mu gihe cy'impanuka ikomeye.

Isuzuma rya IP n'Isuzuma ry'Impanuka za IK

Ibipimo byo Kurinda Kwinjira (IP) n'Ibipimo byo Kurinda Impact (IK) ni ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwa telefoni. Sisitemu yo gupima IP igena ubushobozi bw'agakingirizo bwo kwirukana umukungugu n'ubushuhe. Ku bidukikije byo hanze no mu buryo bugoye, igipimo cya IP66 (kidafata umukungugu kandi kirinzwe n'amazi akomeye) ni cyo gipimo ntarengwa, mu gihe IP67 (ishobora kwibira mu mazi by'agateganyo kugeza kuri metero 1) ikenewe mu duce twibasirwa n'imyuzure cyangwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi.

Ikindi cy'ingenzi ni amanota ya IK, apima ubushobozi bw'igihome mu guhangana n'ingaruka za mekanike no kwangirika. Ingano ya IK10 igaragaza ko igikoresho gishobora kwihanganira ingaruka za joules 20, zingana n'uburemere bwa kg 5 bwamanutse kuva kuri mm 400 uvuye hejuru y'ubuso bw'impanuka. Ibikoresho bidafite amanota ahagije ya IK bishobora kwangirika nkana cyangwa kugongwa n'imashini ziremereye ku buryo butunguranye.

Amahitamo y'ingufu n'uburyo bwo guhuza

Gukomeza gukora bishingiye ku ngufu zikomeye n'imiterere y'itumanaho. Telefoni zigezweho zikoresha IP zikoresha cyane cyane ingufu zirenze Ethernet (PoE), zikurikiza amabwiriza ya 802.3af (15.4W) cyangwa 802.3at (PoE+ kugeza kuri 30W). PoE yoroshya ishyirwaho ryayo binyuze mu guhuza ingufu n'amakuru ku mugozi umwe wa Cat5e / Cat6, nubwo bigengwa n'intera isanzwe ya Ethernet ya metero 100 keretse hakoreshejwe extenders cyangwa fibre optique converters.

Mu bice bya kure aho gucukura imiyoboro bihenze cyane, hakoreshwa imiterere ikoresha imirasire y'izuba ihujwe n'itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa (4G LTE cyangwa 5G). Ubusanzwe izi sisitemu zikora kuri bateri za 12V cyangwa 24V DC zakozwe kugira ngo zitange ubwigenge bw'iminsi 5 kugeza kuri 7 mu gihe kirekire cy'izuba rike. Ku bikorwa remezo bya kera, imirongo ya analog POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) iracyashyigikiwe n'inganda nyinshi, nubwo izi zisaba imirongo yihariye y'umuringa kandi zigenda zikurwaho cyane kugira ngo habeho ibisubizo bya VoIP bishingiye kuri SIP.

Ireme ry'amajwi, Kugaragara, no Kugerwaho

Mu bihe by’akajagari, ubwiza bw’amajwi ya telefoni y’ubutabazi bushobora gutuma igikorwa cyo gutabara kigenda neza. Telefoni zikoreshwa mu buryo bukabije zigomba kuba zirimo uburyo bwa digitale Signal Processing (DSP) bugezweho hamwe no gusiba amajwi y’ijwi. Imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse zishobora gukusanya urusaku rw’inyuma rugera kuri 85 dB, bigatuma abatumiza ubutumwa bashobora kumva neza uhamagaye ndetse no hafi y’imodoka zigenda ziguruka cyangwa imashini zikomeye z’inganda.

Uburyo bwo kugaragara no kugera ku bantu ni ibipimo bya tekiniki bigenzurwa cyane. Amatara ya strobe afite imbaraga nyinshi, akunze gutanga ubushyuhe buri hagati ya miliyoni 1 na miliyoni 1.5, ahuzwa kugira ngo ayobore abakoresha kuri telefoni no gufasha abashinzwe umutekano kubona aho bahamagara mu buryo bugaragara. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo hubahirizwe Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA), utubuto tugomba gushyirwaho hagati ya santimetero 34 na 48 uvuye ku igorofa ryarangiye cyangwa hasi, bigasaba imbaraga ziri munsi ya kilometero 5 kugira ngo bikoreshwe, kandi bigomba kuba biherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bya Braille n’ibimenyetso bya LED byerekana uko bahamagara.

Kugereranya ubwoko bwa telefoni zihuta zirinda ikirere

Imiterere ya telefoni yihutirwa niyo igena uburyo izakomeza kubaho ndetse n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwayo. Guhitamo imiterere ikwiye n'ibikoresho biyikingira biterwa cyane n'ahantu runaka ho kuyishyira, aho iboneka, ndetse n'urwego rw'ibyago biteganijwe bitewe n'imiterere n'ibyibasira abantu.

Abashinzwe umutekano bagomba gupima inyungu z'inyubako zigaragara cyane kandi zihagaze neza ugereranyije n'uburyo ibikoresho bishyirwa ku nkuta bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ibyuma n'imiti by'aho bifungirwa bizarinda ko ibikoresho byangirika vuba bitewe n'ingese, kwangirika kw'imirasire y'izuba, cyangwa gukomereka ku mubiri.

Ibikoresho byo mu gikari no kuramba

Kuramba kwa telefoni yo hanze mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bifitanye isano n’ibikoresho byayo. Ku nkengero z’inyanja, ku mbuga zo mu nyanja, cyangwa mu turere dukoresha umunyu mwinshi wo mu muhanda, icyuma cya 316L cy’icyuma gitemba mu mazi ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane. Kongeramo molybdenum muri alloy ya 316L byongera cyane ubudahangarwa bwayo ku mwobo uterwa na chloride, bigatuma izi mashini zishobora kurokoka igeragezwa rya spray y’umunyu rirenze amasaha 1.000 nta kwangirika kw’imiterere.

Ku bidukikije bidahumanya cyane ariko bifite imiterere ifatika, uduce duto twa aluminiyumu dusizwe irangi rya polyester ridashobora kwangirika hakoreshejwe UV dutanga uburinganire bwiza bw'uburemere, ikiguzi, no kuramba. Ku rundi ruhande, icyuma gikonje (nubwo cyavuwe) muri rusange kigomba kwirindwa ahantu hakonje (ndetse n'iyo cyavuwe) mu bidukikije bibi byo hanze, kuko gushwanyagurika kwinshi kwinjiye mu gipfundikizo byanze bikunze bizatuma habaho ogisijeni n'ingese byihuse.

Terefone z'inyuma ugereranije n'udusanduku two guhamagara dufite inkuta

Guhitamo hagati ya telefoni zigendanwa (zikunze kwitwa iminara y'ubururu) n'udusanduku tw'itumanaho dushyirwa ku nkuta bisaba uburyo bwo gucuruza ibikoresho n'imari. Telefoni zigendanwa ni ibyuma binini bigaragara cyane, akenshi bifite uburebure bwa metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 1.5. Bikora nk'uburyo bukomeye bwo gukumira ibyaha mu mutwe kandi bigatanga urumuri rwa dogere 360 ​​ku bantu bari mu kaga. Ariko, bisaba ubuhanga bukomeye mu by'ubwubatsi, harimo ishingiro rya sima ikoreshejwe n'imiyoboro miremire yo gufunga imiyoboro, bigatuma ikiguzi cyose gishyirwamo kiva ku madolari 2.000 kugeza ku madolari 5.000+ kuri buri gikoresho.

Udusanduku tw’itumanaho dushyirwa ku nkuta cyangwa ku nkingi dutanga imbogamizi nto cyane ku kwinjira. Mu gukoresha ibikorwa remezo bihari—nk’inyubako zo hejuru, inkingi z’ubwubatsi, cyangwa inkingi z’amatara zihari—ibi bikoresho bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’imirimo y’ubwubatsi. Nubwo bidafite imiterere miremire y’aho intebe ihagarara, bikora neza cyane mu magaraje yo guhagarika imodoka, ku nkengero z’inyubako, no mu nzira z’inganda aho umwanya ari uw’ingenzi.

Terefone zihenze cyane ugereranyije na telefoni zihutirwa zigoye

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko akunze kugereranya ikiguzi cy’aho guhamagara bihendutse ugereranije na telefoni zikomeye kandi zitwara ubutabazi. Inzu zoroheje, akenshi zubakwa mu byuma bya polycarbonate cyangwa ibyuma bipima ubunini, akenshi ziba hagati y’amadolari 300 na 600. Nubwo zihendutse, izi nzu muri rusange ntizifite uburyo bwo kuzifunga imbere mu bidukikije kandi zishobora kwangirika mu mirasire ya UV, akenshi zikenera gusimburwa mu myaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 iyo zihuye n’izuba ryinshi n’ikirere kibi cyane.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, telefoni zikomeye zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi zisaba amafaranga menshi yo gukoresha, muri rusange kuva ku madolari 1,200 kugeza ku madolari 3,000+ kuri ibikoresho gusa. Ariko, izi telefoni zakozwe mu gihe cy’imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20. Zifite imisumari idapfa kwangirika, insinga zikomeye zo mu ntoki (zishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zo gukurura ibiro 800), kandi zigafunga ubwazo.inzugi zirinda ikirereMu bidukikije bikomeye, inyungu y’ibikoresho bikomeye iboneka binyuze mu gukuraho uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibintu kenshi no kugabanya abakozi bo kubisana.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, Guhuza no kubungabunga

Gushyira ibikoresho mu bikorwa bigaragaza igice cya mbere cyo gushyiraho umuyoboro w’itumanaho ryizewe ry’ubutabazi bw’ibanze. Ingufu nyazo za sisitemu ya telefoni yo hanze y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ziri mu kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho, guhuza kwayo neza mu bikorwa by’umutekano rusange, no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye kandi yikora ku buryo bwikora.

Agasanduku k’itumanaho kari ukwako kandi kadakurikiranwa ni ikibazo aho kuba umutungo. Ingamba zigezweho zo gutumanaho mu buryo bwihutirwa zisaba ko izi ngingo zikora nk'insinga z'ubwenge mu buryo bwagutse bw'umutekano wa interineti y'ibintu (IoT), zigatanga amakuru nyayo ku mikorere yazo n'uburyo zihagaze mu gihe cy'igikorwa.

Amabwiriza y'umutekano, uburyo bwo kugera ku bantu benshi, amashanyarazi n'itumanaho

Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko rigena ibipimo bikomeye ku buryo bw’itumanaho ryihutirwa. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA) ritegeka imiterere yihariye y’umubiri, ibisabwa mu gukoraho, n’uburyo bubiri bwo gusubiza amajwi n’amashusho. Mu rwego rwa ascenseur na lift, amahame nka EN 81-28 agenga amabwiriza yihariye y’imikorere y’itangazo ryihutirwa, rituma habaho itumanaho ry’impande zombi ritagombye gusaba umuntu ufashwe gufata buto.

Ku bidukikije by’inganda bibi, amahame y’umutekano w’amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane. Ibigo bikora imiti ihumanya cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho byemejwe n’ahantu hashobora guterwa n’impanuka. Terefone zikoresha ubutabazi bw’ibanze muri utwo duce zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa bya UL/CSA byo mu cyiciro cya mbere, ishami rya mbere cyangwa ishami rya kabiri (cyangwa bingana nabyo).ATEX/IECExamahame ya Zone 1/Zone 2), kugenzura ko igikoresho gifite umutekano mu buryo bwacyo cyangwaidaturikakandi ntishobora gukora ikibatsi gishobora gutwika ikirere gikikije.

Guhuza ibikorwa by'umutekano

Telefone zigezweho zishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse zikora nk'aho zikorera mu buryo bwa IoT, zikoresha Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) kugira ngo zihuzwe neza na sisitemu za PBX z'ibigo, kohereza hakoreshejwe mudasobwa, hamwe na porogaramu z'umutekano zihuriweho. Uku guhuza kwemerera inzira zigoye zo guhamagara, nko kuzenguruka mu buryo bwikora hejuru y'umuhamagaro udasubijwe uva ku biro by'umutekano biri aho ukorera ukajya ku kigo cy'itumanaho cya 911 mu mujyi nyuma y'amasegonda 15.

Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bigezweho bifite uburyo bwo kubahiriza ONVIF cyangwa uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru buhuzwa na Sisitemu zo Gucunga Amashusho (VMS). Iyo umukoresha akanda buto yihutirwa, sisitemu ya SIP ishobora gutuma kamera za Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) ziri hafi aho zihita zireba aho ububiko bw'amajwi buherereye. Uku guhuza amakuru y'amajwi n'amashusho biha abatumiza amakuru ubumenyi bw'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'imimerere mbere yuko bavugana n'uwahamagaye.

Igenzura, Isuzuma, no Gukurikirana Ibikoresho Bitandukanye

Kubungabunga terefone nyinshi zo hanze zihutirwa byasabaga igenzura ry’umubiri risaba imbaraga nyinshi. Muri iki gihe, sisitemu zishingiye kuri IP zikoresha uburyo bwo kumenya amakosa mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo zimenye neza ko imikorere yazo yiteguye. Porogaramu yo gucunga ishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo ikore pings zo kwiyandikisha kuri SIP mu bihe bisanzwe—ubusanzwe buri masegonda 60 kugeza kuri 120—ihita imenyesha abayobozi niba igikoresho kidakora neza bitewe n’ikibazo cy’umuyoboro w’itumanaho cyangwa ibura ry’amashanyarazi.

Ubushakashatsi bugezweho burimo ibizamini by’amajwi byikora. Sisitemu ihora itanga ijwi riva mu ndangururamajwi kandi igakoresha mikoro ihuriweho kugira ngo irebe ko amajwi yafashwe neza, byemeza ko ibice byombi bikora. Ubu bushobozi bwo kugenzura kure bugabanya cyane amafaranga akoreshwa, bugabanya imiyoboro y’imodoka ikora kugeza kuri 70% mu gihe byemeza ko sisitemu ikora neza mbere y’uko hagira ikibazo.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni ijyanye n'ubutabazi bwo hanze ikwiye

Umwanzuro wa nyuma wo gutanga amasoko usaba uburyo bunoze bwo guhuza amakuru yerekeye ibidukikije, ibisabwa mu guhuza, n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu by'imari mu gihe kirekire. Kugura telefoni zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihutirwa hanze hashingiwe gusa ku giciro gito cyane cy'ibikoresho, akenshi bitera ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere cyangwa mu bihe by'impanuka zikomeye.

Abashinzwe umutekano bagomba gukora isuzuma ryimbitse kugira ngo ibikoresho byatoranijwe bigire icyizere kidashidikanywaho. Ibi bikubiyemo gushushanya ahantu nyaho, kubara ikiguzi nyacyo cy’ubuzima, no gukoresha ibipimo bihamye byo guhitamo bikurikije ibidukikije bikomeye.

Isuzuma ry'aho hantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi n'isesengura ry'icyuho kiri hagati y'ibipimo

Mbere yo gusuzuma ibikoresho, abayobozi b'umutekano bagomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku hantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi kugira ngo bamenye icyuho cy’itumanaho. Ibi bikubiyemo gushushanya uduce twapfuye tw’itumanaho muri kaminuza cyangwa ikigo, cyane cyane mu duce tw’ubutaka, ahantu hanini h’ibiti, cyangwa hafi y’inyubako zifite ibyuma biremereye na sima bifunga ibimenyetso bya RF.

Gutegura umurongo ugana ahantu hagaragara ni ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho iminara y'urumuri rw'ubururu igaragara cyane. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ubutaka n'urumuri rwo mu kirere, icyuma gishyuha cyane gishobora kugaragara kiri kure ya metero 1.800. Isuzuma ry'aho hantu rigomba kugaragaza ahantu heza ho gushyiramo ibintu bishobora gutuma habaho kugaragara neza mu gihe bigabanya intera umukoresha agomba kugenda—hagamijwe intera ntarengwa ya metero 1.80 hagati y'aho itumanaho ribera mu bihe byihutirwa mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi.

Igiciro cyose cy'umutungo

Gusuzuma Ikiguzi cyose cy'Ubucuruzi (TCO) ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ingengo y'imari. Amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa by'ubwubatsi (CAPEX) ntabwo arimo ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo akubiyemo n'ikiguzi kinini cy'imirimo y'ubwubatsi. Gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo utange ingufu n'amakuru bishobora kuva ku madolari 50 kugeza ku madolari 150 kuri metero imwe, akenshi bigatuma igiciro cya telefoni ubwayo kiba gito cyane. Ibi bituma moderi z'izuba n'uturemangingo zikurura cyane abantu bashyiramo ibikoresho biri kure nubwo igiciro cyazo kiri hejuru.

Amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa (OPEX) agomba kandi gushyirwa mu cyiciro cy'ubuzima bw'imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15. Ibi birimo amafaranga yo gutanga impushya za SIP trunk, gahunda za buri kwezi z'amakuru ya telefoni zigendanwa ku bikoresho bitagira umugozi, n'imirimo isanzwe yo kubungabunga. Mu gihe cy'imyaka 10, gushyiraho na OPEX akenshi bigira 60% kugeza kuri 70% bya TCO, bishimangira inyungu y'amafaranga yo gushora imari mu bikoresho byizewe cyane kandi bigenzurwa kure bigabanya ibisabwa mu kubungabunga.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya nyuma byo guhitamo ibidukikije bikomeye

Imiterere ya nyuma y’itoranywa igomba gushyira imbere ubwizerwe, ibidukikije bikwiranye, n’ubufasha bw’abagurisha. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite amanota ya IP na IK akwiye, kandi ibikoresho bifunze bigomba kuba bihuye n’ibipimo byihariye by’imiti n’ikirere by’aho hantu. Imiryango igomba gusaba inyandiko zihamye z’ibipimo bya MTBF n’ibyemezo byigenga bya laboratwari ku birebana n’imikorere y’ubushyuhe bukabije.

Hanyuma, suzuma garanti y'uruganda n'uko ibice byarwo bihari. Mu bihe bikomeye, garanti y'umwaka umwe isanzwe ntabwo ihagije; ibigo bigomba gushaka inganda zitanga garanti y'imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 ku bikoresho bikomeye. Kwemeza ko umucuruzi yemeza ko ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi bizabaho—nk'ama-PCB, mikoro, n'ibikoresho by'amabuto—mu gihe cy'imyaka icumi nibura bizarinda ishoramari kandi birebe neza ko sisitemu y'umutekano w'ubuzima ikomeza gukora mu gihe cyayo cyagenwe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Koresha telefoni zisanzwe zo hanze zishinzwe ubutabazi aho serivisi zigendanwa, igihe bateri imara, cyangwa umuyoboro w'itumanaho ushobora gutinza itumanaho ryihutirwa.
• Hitamo telefoni zikoreshwa mu bidukikije bikomeye zifite amanota ari hagati ya -40°C na +70°C kugira ngo zikomeze gukora mu bihe bikomeye byo hanze.
• Shyiraho imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ifite ibara rya "conformal-coated" hamwe n’ibikoresho bikomeye bifunze kugira ngo birinde ikoranabuhanga ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, ivumbi, ikwirakwizwa n’imirasire y’izuba n’imyuka yangiza.
• Huza telefoni zihutirwa na sisitemu za PBX, VoIP, CAD, dispatch, paging, cyangwa PA kugira ngo abashinzwe gusubiza babone amakuru nyayo y'aho baherereye vuba.
• Ku bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiti n'ahandi hantu hateje akaga, hitamo ubwoko budashobora guturika bufite ibyangombwa bikwiye nka ATEX.
• Suzuma uburyo ubuzima bw'umuntu bwizewe, harimo amanota maremare ya MTBF n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'uruganda, mbere yo kugura ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu mutekano.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki ukoresha telefoni zo hanze zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa aho kwishingikiriza kuri telefoni zigendanwa gusa?

Terefone zihoraho zitanga uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru mu buryo butaziguye kandi bwizewe iyo serivisi zigendanwa zidakora neza, batiri zapfuye, cyangwa imiyoboro y'itumanaho ifunze. Zishobora kandi kohereza ahantu hateguwe mbere yo kohereza amakuru, bigafasha abashinzwe ubutabazi kwihuta.

Telefone y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze ikwiye gufasha mu bushyuhe bungana iki?

Ku hantu hakomeye ho hanze no mu nganda, shakisha ibikoresho bifite amanota yo gukora kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +70°C. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko imikorere ihamye mu gihe cy'ubukonje, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe zikabije.

Ni izihe nganda zikeneye telefoni zikomeye zo hanze zikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi?

Abakoresha ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, peteroli na gaze, ubwikorezi, gereza, inyubako zo mu mazi, ibigo by'amashuri makuru, aho bwubatsi bubera, ibyumba by'isuku, n'ibikorwa by'umutekano aho itumanaho ryizewe rikenewe ahantu harangwa urusaku, kure, hateje akaga, cyangwa ahantu hagaragara.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ubuziranenge mu mvura, ubushuhe, n'ibidukikije byangiza?

Hitamo amazu akingira ikirere cyangwa adashobora kuvogerwa n’amazi, utubati dufunze neza, ibikoresho birwanya ingese, imbaho ​​zizunguruka zifite ibara rya conformal, n'ibice byagenewe igihe kirekire. Ibi bifasha gukumira kwangirika guterwa n'ubushuhe, gushonga, ivumbi, kwibasirwa n'imirasire y'izuba, n'imyuka ihumanya.

Ese ahantu hateje akaga hakenera telefoni zirinda guturika?

Yego. Ahantu hafite imyuka itwika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi bishobora gusaba telefoni zidashobora guturika zifite icyemezo cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Ibicuruzwa bifite icyemezo nk’icya ATEX bifasha mu gutumanaho mu buryo bwizewe muri peteroli, gazi, imiti, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bisa nabyo.