Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni z'inganda mu turere dufite akaga

Intangiriro

Guhitamo telefoni z'inganda mu bice biteje akaga bivuze kuringaniza imikorere y'itumanaho no kubahiriza amategeko y'umutekano. Mu bidukikije aho imyuka yangiza, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya bishobora guteza ibyago bikomeye mu mikorere no mu gutwika. Iyi nkuru isobanura ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kuyobora ibyemezo byo kugura, harimo gushyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, uburyo bwo kwirinda guturika no kurinda umutekano, kuramba mu bihe bikomeye, kwizerwa kw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'ibisabwa mu gihe cy'impanuka. Mu mpera, abasomyi bazaba bafite uburyo bwo kugereranya telefoni z'inganda no guhuza buri buryo n'amahame y'umutekano y'urubuga, ibyo ibidukikije bisaba, n'ibyo itumanaho rikeneye.

Impamvu telefoni zo mu nganda zikoreshwa mu kaga zisaba guhitamo neza

Gushaka telefoni z'inganda mu turere twangiza ubuzima bisaba isuzuma rikomeye rya tekiniki rirenze kure kugura itumanaho risanzwe. Mu bigo bitunganya hydrocarbons zihindagurika, ivumbi rishobora gushya, cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gutumanaho, ibikoresho by'itumanaho by'ikoranabuhanga bigaragaza amasoko ashobora gushya. Bityo rero, inzira yo guhitamo igomba guhuza neza ibintu bikomeye.idaturikacyangwa uburyo bwizewe mu buryo bw’umwimerere, hakenewe itumanaho risobanutse kandi ritagira umwanda mu bidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi byuzuye imiterere.

Ibikenewe mu bijyanye n'ibyago mu mikorere, igihe cyo kuruhuka, n'itumanaho ryihutirwa

Ingaruka z'imikorere mu bidukikije biteje akaga zisaba ko ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho bikora nk'inzira y'ingenzi aho kuba uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora gusa. Iyo habayeho ikintu kidasanzwe, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ihagarikwa ry'ibikorwa byihutirwa cyangwa kwimurwa bishobora gukumira igihombo gikomeye ku mitungo n'impfu. Igihe cyo gukora muri izi nzego gihenze cyane; urugero, guhagarara gutunguranye kw'umusaruro ku ruganda rucukura amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa uruganda rutunganya peteroli bishobora guteza igihombo kirenze $500.000 ku munsi.

Terefone zo mu nganda zigomba gukora neza muri izi mashini zikomeye. Ibi bisaba ko imiyoboro y'itumanaho idakora neza n'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi budakora neza kugira ngo itumanaho rikomeze gukora neza ndetse no mu gihe umuriro wangiritse. Umuvuduko n'ubusobanuro bw'ibikorwa byo gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka bijyana neza n'uburyo ibikoresho by'itumanaho by'urubuga byizewe.

Gushyira mu byiciro uturere dufite akaga n'ibitekerezo byo kurinda

Gushyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga ni intambwe y'ibanze mu guhitamo ibikoresho. Inzego z'amategeko mpuzamahanga zishyira mu byiciro ibi bidukikije hashingiwe ku nshuro n'igihe ikirere giturika kibaho.Amabwiriza ya ATEXna sisitemu ya IECEx ikoresha uburyo bushingiye ku gace, mu gihe amategeko agenga amashanyarazi y’igihugu cya Amerika y’Amajyaruguru (NEC) ashingiye kuri sisitemu y’icyiciro n’igabanywa. Kugena telefoni bisaba guhuza igitekerezo cyo kurinda igikoresho—nk’umutekano mu buryo bw’umwimerere (Ex i), kwirinda umuriro (Ex d), cyangwa umutekano mwinshi (Ex e)—n’ibisabwa byihariye ku gace.

Igikoresho cyagenwe muri Zone ya 1 kigomba kwihanganira ahantu hashobora kubaho imvange z'imyuka iturika mu gihe gisanzwe, mu gihe igikoresho cya Zone ya 2 cyagenewe ahantu hadashoboka ko imvange nk'izo zibaho kandi zigakomeza amasaha ari munsi ya 10 mu mwaka. Guhitamo telefoni ifite igitekerezo cyo kurinda kitari cyo bikuraho amategeko agenga umutekano w'ikigo kandi bigatera ibyago bikomeye byo kwangirika.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki n'ibyubahirizwa mu gukoresha telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda mu gace gashobora guteza akaga

Uretse kurinda iturika ry’ibanze, telefoni z’inganda zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo zishobore kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwangirika cyane, no gushyuha cyane mu gihe zitanga imikorere y’itumanaho ku rwego rwo hejuru ku ntera y’ikigo.

Impamyabumenyi, kurengera ibidukikije, n'amanota yo kubibungabunga

Nubwo ibyemezo byemeza ibitekerezo byo kurinda, amanota y’ibidukikije ni yo agena igihe cyo gukora kw’ibikoresho. Telefoni zo mu nganda zikora mu gace gafite ibyago akenshi zikeneraIgipimo cy'uburinzi bw'inyongeranibura IP66 cyangwa IP67 kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi ryinjira kandi rigahangana n’amazi menshi mu gihe cyo gusukura amazi mu buryo busanzwe.

Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe nabwo ni ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho bishyirwa mu bibanza bya peteroli byo mu gace ka Arctique cyangwa mu nganda zitunganya peteroli zo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati bigomba kugumana icyemezo n'imikorere mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C na +70°C. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushuhe bugomba kugera kuri 95% by'ahantu hatagwa ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe ko imiyoboro migufi y'amazi ishobora kwangiza inzitizi z'umutekano.

Ibisabwa mu itumanaho, ingufu, no guhuza sisitemu

Imiterere y'itumanaho igira ingaruka zikomeye ku guhitamo telefoni zo mu nganda. Inyubako zigezweho zirushaho gukundisha Ijwi kurusha Ikoranabuhanga rya Internet (VoIP) hakoreshejwe Ikoranabuhanga rya Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) kuruta imirongo ya analog ishaje. Guhuza VoIP bifasha gusuzuma indwara zigezweho, gucunga buri wese, no guhuza neza amashami yihariye (PBX).

Ariko, gutanga ingufu mu bice biteje akaga bigora imikoreshereze ya VoIP. Ingufu zisanzwe kuri Ethernet (PoE) muri IEEE 802.3af zitanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 15.4W, agomba gucungwa neza cyangwa agashyirwa ukwayo hakoreshejwe inzitizi zemewe kugira ngo ingufu zigume munsi y’umurongo w’ikirere gikikije. Kuri sisitemu za analog, imirongo ya telefoni ifite umutekano ikenera inzitizi za Zener zihariye kugira ngo zigabanye voltage n’amashanyarazi ku bipimo by’umutekano.

Kuramba kwa mashini, imikorere y'amajwi, no gukoresha neza

Ubudahangarwa bw'imashini n'imikorere y'amajwi bigira ingaruka ku buryo ikoreshwa mu nganda zikomeye. Ubusanzwe imashini zishyirwa mu byuma bikozwe muri Polyester ya Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP), aluminiyumu ikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya aluminium, cyangwa icyuma cya 316L, buri kimwe gitanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku ngaruka za mashini ndetse no kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire.

Imikorere y'amajwi ni ingenzi cyane; urusaku rwo mu cyumba cya compressor cyangwa uruganda rutera amajwi rukunze kurenga 85 dB (A). Kugira ngo bibe byiza, telefoni zo mu nganda zigomba kugira nibura ingano y'amajwi iri hagati ya 90 na 95 dB (A) ku ntera ya metero 1. Ibi bigomba guhuzwa na mikoro zikuraho urusaku zishobora kugera ku gipimo cya 15 na 20 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) kugira ngo zohereze amakuru yumvikana ku majwi ku mashini zikoresha inyuma.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma abatanga serivisi n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwabo

Gusuzuma abatanga telefoni zo mu nganda zikora mu gace gashobora guteza akaga bisaba guhindura uburyo bwo kubara amafaranga y’ibanze akoreshwa mu gushora imari (CapEx) ukajya mu buryo burambuye bw’ikiguzi cyose cy’ubukode (TCO), hashingiwe ku buryo zizewe mu gihe kirekire, ubufasha bw’abaguzi, n’uburyo ibice bihari.

Kugereranya ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko mu batanga ibicuruzwa

Mu kugereranya ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko mu batanga ibicuruzwa, amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kugenzura neza ukuri n'ingano y'ibyo byemezo. Icyemezo cya Notified Body kigomba kuba gikubiyemo icyitegererezo nyacyo n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bigurwa, atari ibikoresho fatizo gusa.

Uretse kubahiriza amategeko, gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw'inganda ni ngombwa. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bo ku rwego rwo hejuru bagaragaza kugenzura ubuziranenge mu buryo bukomeye, bagamije ko ibikoresho by'itumanaho by'ingenzi bifite inenge zingana na 0.5%. Abaguzi bagomba kandi gusuzuma amateka y'umutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo nk'ubwo.urwego rw'inganda, bashaka imiterere y’ibikoresho byemeza imikorere y’ibikoresho mu miterere isa n’iyo.

Ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha, igihe cyo kubikoresha, n'igiciro cyose

Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwa telefoni yo mu nganda kirenze kure igiciro cyayo cya mbere cyo kuyigura, ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya $800 na $2,500 bitewe n'urwego rw'impamyabushobozi, ibikoresho, n'ikoranabuhanga ryashyizwemo. Kubungabunga, kuboneka kw'ibice bisimbura ibindi, no kuba serivisi nziza bituma TCO ikora mu gihe kirekire mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15 iteganijwe.

Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho by’umucuruzi haba ku bikoresho byuzuye ndetse no ku bikoresho bisimbura ibindi. Bitewe n’inganda zihariye n’ibizamini by’umuvuduko bikenerwa ku bikoresho bikingira umuriro (Ex d), igihe gisanzwe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho by’umucuruzi gishobora kuva ku byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 12. Byongeye kandi, gusuzuma igihe hagati y’ibihe byangiritse (MTBF) ni ingenzi cyane; telefoni nziza zo mu nganda zigomba gutanga MTBF amasaha arenga 50.000 kugira ngo bigabanye ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ahantu hashobora guterwa n’impanuka, hasaba uruhushya rwo gukora ruhenze n’abakozi bihariye.

Uburyo bufatika bwo guhitamo telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda

Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nziza zo kugura telefoni zo mu nganda zikoreshwa mu kaga bisaba uburyo buhamye kandi buhuza imikorere, bugahuza iyubahirizwa ry’umutekano n’ikoreshwa ry’imikorere n’inshingano z’imari.

Guhuza ikoranabuhanga, EHS, imikorere, n'amasoko

Uburyo bwo guhitamo bugomba guhuza ibikorwa by'ingenzi by'amashami menshi. Amatsinda y'ibidukikije, ubuzima n'umutekano (EHS) agomba kwemeza ko ibyemezo bya ATEX cyangwa IECEx by'igikoresho bihuye neza n'isuzuma ry'ibyago by'ikigo ndetse n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.

Ishami ry’ubwubatsi n’ikoranabuhanga rigomba kugenzura ko imiyoboro y’itumanaho ihura neza, rigashyiraho uburyo buhagije bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w’itumanaho—ubusanzwe buri hagati ya 80 na 100 kbps kuri buri hamagara rya VoIP—kandi rigasuzuma uburyo PBX ikorana. Amatsinda y’ibikorwa ahagarariye abakoresha kandi agomba kwemeza ko igishushanyo mbonera, nk’amakuru manini cyangwa amapine y’ingufu za rukuruzi, yakira abakozi bambaye ibikoresho biremereye byo kwirinda (PPE). Amasoko akora nk’umuhuza, agenzura ko ibyo bisabwa bya tekiniki byuzuzwa hakurikijwe ingengo y’imari.

Intambwe ku yindi yo kugenzura no guhitamo

Uburyo bwo kugenzura bunoze bugabanya ibyago byo gushyira mu bikorwa. Intambwe ya mbere ikubiyemo igenzura ryimbitse ry’ahantu hakorerwa ibikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza imbibi z’uturere dufite ibyago no gupima urwego rw’urusaku rw’aho ibintu biherereye, ari na byo bigena imiterere y’amajwi akenewe.

Hanyuma, abahanga mu by’injeniyeri bagomba gusuzuma ibikorwa remezo bihari kugira ngo barebe niba ikigo gishobora gushyigikira imiyoboro igezweho ya PoE cyangwa niba imiyoboro y’umuringa ya kera ifite inzitizi z’umutekano igomba gukoreshwa. Hanyuma, gukora ikizamini cy’igerageza hakoreshejwe telefoni nto mu gace gakoreramo bituma amatsinda ashobora kwemeza ko amajwi asobanutse neza, ko imiyoboro ihamye, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imashini mbere yo kwiyemeza gushyiraho ikigo cyose.

Amakosa asanzwe yo kugura n'uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo bya nyuma

Ikosa rikunze kubaho mu kugura ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byinshi cyane, nko gushyira telefoni yemewe na Zone 1 mu gace ka Zone 2. Nubwo bigamije umutekano, ibi bishobora kongera ikiguzi cya porogaramu ku kigero cya 30% kugeza kuri 50% bitari ngombwa kandi bikagorana mu mikorere yo kuyisana bitewe n’imigozi minini kandi ipfundikiye.

Ku rundi ruhande, kudasobanura neza uburyo bwo kurinda ibidukikije—nk'uko guhitamo igipimo cya IP54 cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho byo hanze ku nkombe—bitanga icyizere cy'uko ibikoresho bizangirika vuba bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'amazi. Bityo, icyemezo cya nyuma kigomba gushingira ku guhuza neza icyemezo cya telefoni, kuramba kwayo, n'imikorere yayo mu ijwi ry'ijwi n'ibidukikije byihariye by'aho igenewe gushyirwa. Binyuze muri ubu buryo bukomeye, abakora mu nganda bafite ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho bihamye birinda abakozi kandi bigatuma bakomeza kugenzura imikorere yabo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi ku bijyanye na telefoni zikoreshwa mu nganda
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ikihe cyemezo cya telefoni y'inganda igomba kugira ku bice biteje akaga?

Banza uhuze telefoni n'urwego rw'urubuga rwawe. Ku mishinga myinshi mpuzamahanga, shaka icyemezo cya ATEX cyangwa IECEx, hanyuma urebe neza Zone n'igitekerezo cyo kurinda nka Ex d cyangwa Ex i kuri nameplate.

Ese IP66 irahagije kuri telefoni zo mu nganda zikora ahantu hateje akaga?

IP66 akenshi ni yo mahitamo make akenewe mu kurinda ivumbi no gukaraba. Iyo telefoni ihuye n'imvura nyinshi, iterwa n'amazi menshi mu mazi, cyangwa isuku ikabije, IP67 ishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kuyifunga.

Ese nkwiye guhitamo VoIP cyangwa analoge mu gace gashobora guteza akaga?

Hitamo SIP/VoIP niba ukeneye integration ya PBX, gusuzuma kure, no gucunga ibintu mu buryo buhuriweho. Hitamo analog iyo sisitemu isanzwe ishingiye ku mateka cyangwa iyo kwiringirwa byoroshye hagati y’ingingo n’ingingo ari byo by’ingenzi.

Ni ibihe bintu by'amajwi bifite akamaro cyane mu nganda zikora urusaku?

Shyira imbere utumashini dukoresha ijwi rirenga, terefone zifata amajwi cyangwa mikoro zihagarika urusaku, kandi ushyireho amajwi yuzuye. Ku birombe, inganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro, n'ahantu ho gutwara abantu, reba kandi uburyo ibyuma bikoresha ibyuma bifasha kumva bihuye n'utubuto tw'uturindantoki.

Kuki ushaka telefoni z'inganda zikora mu gace kangiza ubuzima muri Siniwo?

Siniwo yibanda ku itumanaho ry’inganda mu bidukikije bikomeye, itanga telefoni zirinda guturika no kwihanganira ikirere, kandi ishyigikira imiterere, guhuza, gushyiramo no kubungabunga ibikoresho bikorerwa mu nganda n’ibicuruzwa byemewe.