Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni irinda ikirere ku nganda

Intangiriro

Guhitamo telefoni irinda ikirere mu nganda bivuze kuringaniza uburambe, umutekano, n'uburyo bwo gutumanaho mu gihe cy'imikorere nyayo. Urwego rukwiye rugomba gukomeza gukora mu gihe cy'imvura, ivumbi, urusaku, impinduka z'ubushyuhe, n'ibibazo byihutirwa, mu gihe kandi hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo guhamagara urubuga n'uburyo bwo gusubiza. Guhitamo nabi bishobora gutuma abantu batitabira guhamagara, gutanga raporo y'impanuka zitinda, no gukora amasaha menshi. Iyi nkuru isobanura ibintu by'ingenzi by'ingenzi, harimo amanota yo kurengera ibidukikije, uburyo amajwi asobanutse neza, imikorere y'ubutabazi, amahitamo yo gushyiraho, n'uburyo sisitemu ihura, bityo ushobora kugereranya moderi usobanukiwe neza icyo izakora neza mu nganda zikora cyane.

Impamvu telefoni ikwiye idahura n'ikirere ari ingenzi

In ibidukikije by'ingenzi by'inganda, ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho si uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora gusa; ni uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kwirinda imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Terefone irinda ikirere ikora nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi w'ubuzima iyo imiyoboro ya radiyo y'ibanze yangiritse, uburyo bwo kwakira abantu hakoreshejwe telefoni bugahagarara, cyangwa mu gihe cy'impanuka zitunguranye zisaba itumanaho ryihuse kandi rikoresha insinga. Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye bituma abakozi bashobora guhuza ibikorwa no gutangiza gahunda z'ubutabazi vuba.

Kunanirwa k'itumanaho mu nganda bihanishwa ibihano bikomeye by'imari n'umutekano. Igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateganijwe mu nganda zikomeye gishobora kurenza $20.000 ku isaha, kandi gutinda gutabara mu bihe byihutirwa byongera ibyago byo gukomeretsa abakozi cyangwa gutakaza imitungo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gushyiraho telefoni irinda ikirere bisaba isuzuma rikomeye ry’uko ibidukikije biramba, imikorere y’amajwi, n’imikorere ya sisitemu ikorana.

Imiterere y'imikorere n'ibikenewe mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Imiterere y'imikorere y'aho hantu igena ibisabwa by'ibanze ku gikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cy'itumanaho. Ibikoresho byahuye n'imvura nyinshi, uduce duto two mu kirere, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rikabije bisaba ahantu hakingira ibidukikije. Mu bihe byihutirwa, telefoni igomba gukora ako kanya iyo terefone izamuwe, inyura mu nzira zigoye zo guhamagara binyuze mu buryo bworoshye bwo guhamagara cyangwa imirongo ya telefoni ijyanwa mu cyumba cyo kugenzura.

Gukenera ubufasha bwihutirwa nabyo bigena uko umuntu abona ibintu neza kandi akabigeraho. Ibikoresho akenshi bihuzwa n'amatara agaragara cyane (asanzwe akora kuri 12V cyangwa 24V DC) hamwe n'ibyuma bikoresha ijwi rirenga bishobora kwerekana amajwi hejuru y'urusaku rw'inganda. Guhuza porogaramu igenzura amakosa bituma ubuyobozi bukuru bukoresha igikoresho buri gihe, bigatuma umurongo n'icyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga bikora neza mbere y'uko hagira ikibazo.

Ibidukikije by'inganda bikenerwa cyane

Ahantu hakenewe cyane nko mu nganda zitunganya peteroli, ahantu ho gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu mazi,ibirombe bifunguye, kandi inzira za gari ya moshi zitera imbogamizi zidasanzwe z'amajwi n'iz'umubiri. Muri ubu buryo, urusaku rwo mu kirere rukunze kurenga 90 dB (A), bigatuma ibikoresho bisanzwe bya telefoni bitagira icyo bitanga. Telefoni yagenwe neza igomba gukoresha mikoro zikuraho urusaku n'ibikoresho byo kwakira ijwi ry'umukoresha kugira ngo ijwi rye ritandukane n'imashini zikomeye n'urusaku rw'ibidukikije.

Byongeye kandi, ibi bidukikije bitera ibikoresho kwangirika nk'amazi y'umunyu, umwuka ushyushye ukomoka ku zuba, n'imirasire ihoraho ya ultraviolet (UV). Ibikoresho bigomba gutoranywa atari ukubera gusa ko bidashobora kwangirika ako kanya ahubwo no kugira ngo bikomeze igihe kirekire. Urugero, igikoresho gishyizwe mu bidukikije byo mu mazi kigomba kwihanganira ubushuhe buhoraho bw'umunyu butarinze kwangiza ibyuma byacapwe imbere (PCBs) cyangwa icyuma cyo hanze.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi byo kugereranya

Kugereranya ibipimo ni cyo cyiciro cy'ingenzi cyane mu itangwa ry'amasoko. Terefone zo mu nganda ni ishoramari mu by'ubwubatsi, kandi impapuro zazo z'amakuru zigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo zigenzure neza ibyo aho zigenewe gutanga serivisi. Injeniyeri n'abashinzwe amasoko bagomba gusuzuma inkingi eshatu z'ingenzi za tekiniki: amanota yo guhangana n'ibidukikije, amabwiriza yo kohereza umuyoboro w'itumanaho, n'ubwubatsi bw'ibikoresho bifatika.

Uburinzi bw'inyongera, kurwanya ingaruka, n'ubushyuhe

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibidukikije bupimwa hakurikijwe amanota asanzwe. Uburinzi bw’inyongera (IP) n’Uburinzi bw’Ingaruka (IK) ni byo bipimo by’ibanze. Nubwo IP65 ihagije mu gukoreshwa hanze, ahantu hakomeye h’inganda hakenera IP66 (uburinzi ku mazi akomeye) cyangwa IP67 (uburinzi bwo kwibira by’agateganyo). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, amanota ya IK10 yemeza ko agace gakingiwe gashobora kwihanganira ingaruka za 20-joule—bingana n’uburemere bwa kg 5 buva kuri mm 400.

Kwihanganira ubushyuhe nabyo ni ingenzi cyane. Ibyuma bisanzwe by’ubucuruzi birananirwa vuba mu nganda. Telefoni nyayo irinda ikirere igomba gutanga ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gukora buri hagati ya -30°C na +65°C. Ku bikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa arctic cyangwa utwuma, akenshi hakenerwa intera iri hagati ya -40°C na +75°C, bikaba ngombwa ko habaho irangi ry’imbere ku bikoresho byose bya PCB na ecran za LCD zihariye mu gihe cy’ubukonje niba hakoreshejwe ecran.

Amahitamo ya Analog, SIP, GSM, na LTE

Guhitamo ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru ni byo bigaragaza uburyo igikoresho gishyirwa mu muyoboro mugari w’uruganda. Terefone za analogi ziracyakoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa remezo bya kera, zitanga imiyoboro yizewe y’insinga ebyiri ishobora kohereza ibimenyetso kugeza kuri kilometero 5 nta kongera ingufu. Zirakomeye cyane ariko ntizifite uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakuru bwa kure.

Telefoni zikoresha uburyo bwa Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) cyangwa Voice over IP (VoIP) ni zo zigezweho. Zikoresha insinga zisanzwe za Ethernet, telefoni zikoresha SIP zishyigikira Power over Ethernet (PoE 802.3af/at), codecs z'amajwi zigezweho (G.722), hamwe n'imicungire ya interineti ihuriweho. Ku mbuga za kure zidafite ibikorwa remezo, telefoni za GSM cyangwa LTE zirinda ikirere zitanga umurongo wa wireless, zikenera gusa isoko ry'amashanyarazi ryo mu gace runaka na SIM card ikora kuri band yizewe ya 4G.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyiramo agasanduku, telefoni zigendanwa, n'imikorere y'amajwi

Imiterere y’agakingirizo n’icyuma gifata amajwi ni byo bigena igihe cy’iyi mashini. Ubusanzwe agakingirizo gakorwa mu cyuma cyakozwe muri aluminiyumu (cyane cyane mu gukurura no kuramba muri rusange) cyangwa muri polyester ya Kirahuri (GRP). GRP ikunzwe cyane mu bidukikije bya shimi n’iby’inyanja bitewe n’ubudahangarwa bwayo ku ngese n’ingufu za galvanic.

Insinga zo mu bwoko bwa handset ni ahantu hazwi cyane ho kwangirika mu nganda. Imashini zikomeye zikoresha insinga zikora ibyuma bitagira umugozi zifite umugozi w'icyuma imbere, zigatanga imbaraga nke zo gukurura zigera kuri kg 200. Ukurikije amajwi, imashini ikora ibyuma igomba gukora nibura 85 dB (A) ku ntera ya metero 1, mu gihe imashini zikora ibyuma binini (akenshi kugeza kuri 15W) zishobora gutwara indangururamajwi zo hanze kugira ngo zikoreshe amajwi mu mpande nini.

Kuyubahiriza, Gushyiraho, n'Ikiguzi cyose

Uretse ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, gushyiraho neza umuyoboro wa telefoni urinda ikirere biterwa cyane cyane n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, imicungire y'ibikoresho, n'ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO). Igikoresho gihendutse kugura ariko kigoye guhuza cyangwa kitubahiriza amabwiriza y'umutekano yo mu gace runaka amaherezo kizatera amafaranga menshi atunguranye.

Amahame n'ibyemezo bisabwa

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda bigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga n'ay'akarere. Ibyemezo by'ibanze birimo kubahiriza CE, FCC, na RoHS. Niba aho hantu hari imyuka cyangwa umukungugu utwika, telefoni zisanzwe zirinda ikirere ntizihagije; ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite umutekano mu buryo bwabyo cyangwaidaturika, itwaye ATEX, IECEx, cyangwa impamyabumenyi ya UL Class I Division 1/2.

Amabwiriza agenga uburyo bwo kugera ku bantu afite uruhare mu nzego zimwe na zimwe. Ibikoresho bishobora gukenera kubahiriza Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA) cyangwa amahame mpuzamahanga angana naryo, bigasaba uburebure bwihariye bwo gupakira, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bihuye n’ubwubatsi bwo kumva (HAC), n’amakuru y’ubutasi afite ibimenyetso bya Braille.

Ingufu, insinga, imitako, n'ibintu bihuza

Uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu buratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryatoranijwe. Telefoni za SIP zikoresha PoE (zisaba kugeza kuri 15.4W) zoroshya uburyo bwo guhuza insinga binyuze mu guhuza amakuru n'amashanyarazi mu nsinga imwe ya Cat5e/Cat6. Ariko, niba telefoni ifite icyuma gishyushya umuriro gikoreshwa mu gihe cy'ubukonje bukabije cyangwa ihoni yo hanze ifite wattage nyinshi, PoE+ (30W) cyangwa amashanyarazi ya 110V/220V AC ashobora gukenerwa.

Amahitamo yo gushyiraho ibikoresho agomba gufatwa hakiri kare mu cyiciro cyo gutegura aho hantu. Ibikoresho bishyirwa ku nkuta ni ibisanzwe ku nyubako z'inganda zo mu nzu, ariko uruzitiro rwo hanze cyangwa ibirombe bifunguye akenshi bisaba inkingi zikomeye kandi zihagaze neza. Ibintu byo gushyiramo ibikoresho birimo gushyiraho ibikoresho bya SIP kugira ngo byumvikane neza n'ikigo.IP-PBX isanzweho(nk'urubuga rwa Cisco, Avaya, cyangwa Asterisk).

Ibikoresho bitwara amafaranga arenze igiciro cyo kugura

Igiciro cyo kugura telefoni idashobora guhindagurika kw'ikirere gisanzwe kiri hagati ya $300 ku bikoresho by'ibanze bya analog kugeza ku $1,200 ku bikoresho bya SIP bigezweho bifite imiyoboro ya GRP n'amatara yo hanze. Ariko, igiciro cyo kugura ni igice gito cyane cy'ikiguzi cya TCO.

Ibikoresho bitwara amafaranga birimo gushyiramo abakozi (akenshi $150–300 ku isaha ku bakora amashanyarazi bihariye mu turere dufite ibyago), gukata insinga, no gutanga uburenganzira bwo guhuza porogaramu za PBX. Kugira ngo bagabanye TCO, abaguzi bagomba gushyira imbere ibikoresho bifite igihe cyo hagati y’igihe hagati y’ibyangiritse (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 50.000 n’ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gucunga kure, ibyo bikaba bigabanya cyane gukenera kohereza ibikoresho byo gusana aho bikorerwa.

Uburyo bwo gushaka no kubona abatanga serivisi babishoboye

Gushaka ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda bisaba kugenzura ababitanga cyane nk'uko ibikoresho ubwabyo bibikora. Isoko rigizwe n'abagurisha b'ingeri zitandukanye, kandi guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa ukwiye bituma abantu babona garanti yizewe, ubufasha bwa tekiniki, ndetse n'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi mu gihe kirekire.

Ibibazo by'ubuziranenge n'ibizamini by'inganda

Mu gihe cyo kwemeza uruganda, abaguzi bagomba kubaza amabwiriza yabo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge n'ibizamini. Umucuruzi wemewe agomba gutanga inyandiko zo gupima ibidukikije. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha mu mazi, saba icyemezo cyo gupima umunyu kigaragaza nibura amasaha 96 yo kwangirika nta kwangirika.

Gupima amajwi nabyo ni ingenzi. Baza uburyo uruganda rugenzura ubushobozi bwa mikoro zabo bwo gukumira urusaku. Byongeye kandi, suzuma amabwiriza y'ingwate; ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga bitanga amezi 12, mu gihe telefoni zo mu rwego rw'inganda zirinda ikirere zigomba kugira garanti kuva ku mezi 24 kugeza kuri 36, bigaragaza icyizere uruganda rufite mu bipimo bya MTBF.

Abakora, abahuza, n'abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bagereranije

Abaguzi bashobora gushaka ibikoresho binyuze mu nganda zikora ibikoresho (OEMs), abahuza sisitemu, cyangwa abakwirakwiza ibikoresho. Buri muyoboro utanga inyungu zitandukanye bitewe n'ingano y'umushinga.

Direct OEMs ni nziza ku mishinga minini y'imari isaba amabara yihariye yo gufunga, imiterere yihariye y'imodoka, cyangwa ikiguzi gito cy'ibikoresho ku giciro gito cyane cya Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs). Imashini zihuza terefone zongera agaciro zipfunyikamo telefoniSisitemu za PBX n'imiyoboro ya PANubwo ari ku giciro gito. Abatanga serivisi ni beza cyane ku buryo bwo gusimbuza vuba kandi mu buryo budakoresha ingano nto aho igihe cyo gusimbuza icyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bibiri kitemewe.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo bufatika

Uburyo bwo guhitamo bufatika butangirira ku igenzura ryimbitse ry’ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hamenyekane amanota nyayo ya IP/IK n’ibisabwa mu ijwi. Hanyuma, tanga icyifuzo cy’amakuru (RFI) ku rutonde rw’abatanga serivisi, usaba ibyemezo by’amategeko n’amakuru ya MTBF.

Mbere yo kwiyemeza kugura ibikoresho byose byo mu bwoko bwa "fleet", buri gihe shaka icyitegererezo. Shyira iki cyitegererezo ahantu hakakaye cyane aho giherereye. Gerageza ko mikoro isobanutse neza mu gihe cy'urusaku rwinshi mu mikorere, urebe neza ko umuyoboro wa interineti uhujwe na PBX isanzwe, kandi urebe neza ko ibikoresho byo gushyiramo bihangana n'imitingito yo mu gace utuyemo.

Uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo n'amakosa asanzwe

Kurangiza kugura telefoni zirinda ikirere bisaba imbonerahamwe y’ibyemezo igena imiterere y’ibikoresho byihariye n’ingaruka z’aho byabereye. Kwirinda ingorane zisanzwe zijyanye n’imiterere y’ibikoresho bituma umuyoboro w’itumanaho ukorwa neza mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15 uteganijwe.

Guhuza ubwoko bwa terefone n'ingaruka z'urubuga

Guhuza ubwoko bwa telefoni n'ingaruka z'aho ikorera bisaba gushyira mu byiciro uturere turi muri icyo kigo. Ku gice gisanzwe cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho, telefoni ya SIP ifite keypad ya aluminium ifite amanota ya IP66 muri rusange irahagije. Ariko, ku gace gatunganya imiti gafite urusaku rwinshi, imiterere y'ingaruka isaba GRP (kugira ngo habeho kwirinda imiti), amanota ya IP67, nta keypad (umurongo ukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo wirinde kwanduzwa n'uturindantoki twanduye), n'agapira k'amajwi gakingira umukoresha urusaku rw'inyuma rwa 90+ dB.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amarembo yo mu nkengero za kure adafite insinga zifatika zo gukwirakwiza amakuru afite ibyago byo kwitandukanya n'abandi. Muri utwo duce, telefoni ikoresha LTE ikoreshwa n'ingufu z'izuba n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza bateri bigabanya ibyago byo gucika imiyoboro y'itumanaho, mu gihe imbaraga z'ikimenyetso cya 4G cyo muri ako gace zemejwe mbere yo gushyirwaho.

Amakosa asanzwe yo guhitamo agomba kwirindwa

Ikosa rikunze kubaho mu bijyanye no kwirengagiza ibidukikije biri mu gipangu. Nubwo igipimo cya IP67 kibuza amazi yo hanze kwinjira, impinduka zikomeye z'ubushyuhe zishobora gutera ubushyuhe bw'imbere, bigatera kwangirika kwa PCB. Gushyiramo udupfunyika dukoresha Gore-Tex breather valves birinda ubwo bushyuhe bwinshi.

Irindi kosa rikunze kugaragara ni ugutekereza ko SIP ihuye na bose. Nubwo SIP ari isanzwe (RFC3261), sisitemu za IP-PBX zihariye rimwe na rimwe zisaba impinduka zihariye za firmware. Kunanirwa kwemeza imikorere ya SIP 2.0 mu gihe cyo gupima icyitegererezo bishobora gutuma guhamagara bihagarara cyangwa amajwi ya DTMF adakora.

Amaherezo, abaguzi bakunze gusuzugura kwangirika kw'insinga. Gushyiramo telefoni igezweho idashobora kwangirika hakoreshejwe insinga isanzwe ya Cat5e yo mu nzu bituma sisitemu ihura n'ingaruka za UV n'ubushuhe aho ihuzwa. Buri gihe shyiraho insinga zirinda UV, zirinda ibidukikije, cyangwa zirimo gel kugira ngo zihuze n'uburyo terefone ubwayo ihangana n'ibidukikije.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gukoresha telefoni zirinda ikirere
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe ngero ya IP ya telefoni irinda ikirere ikwiye kugira mu ikoreshwa ry'inganda hanze?

Hitamo nibura IP66 mu mvura nyinshi n'ahantu hasukwa amazi. Koresha IP67 aho bishoboka kwibira mu mazi by'agateganyo cyangwa kuzura amazi.

Nahitamo nte hagati ya telefoni za analog na SIP zirinda ikirere?

Koresha analog kuri sisitemu zoroshye za kera z'insinga ebyiri no gukoresha insinga ndende. Hitamo SIP/VoIP kuri network zigezweho, kugenzura kure, no koroshya guhuza na sisitemu za IP PBX.

Ni ryari telefoni idaturika iba nziza kurusha telefoni isanzwe idahura n'ikirere?

Koresha imashini zirinda guturika mu bice biteje akaga nka peteroli, gaze, imiti cyangwa ahantu hashobora kwangirika ivumbi. Reba ibyangombwa bisabwa nka ATEX mbere yo kugura.

Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi cyane ahantu hakorerwa urusaku rw'inganda?

Shyira imbere mikoro zihagarika urusaku, ibyuma bitanga umusaruro mwinshi, amatara agaragara, n'ibyuma bitanga ijwi ry'inyuma kugira ngo amajwi akomeze kuba meza kuruta urusaku rw'imashini.

Kuki wagura telefoni irinda ikirere muri Siniwo?

Siniwo itanga ibisubizo by'itumanaho mu nganda kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku kubungabunga, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa birinda ikirere n'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, ubuziranenge bwemejwe, n'uburambe mu gutanga ibicuruzwa mu bihugu birenga 70.