Uburyo Abavuga mu Rusaku Banoza Imikorere y'Itumanaho mu Buryo bw'Ibanze

Uburyo Abavuga mu Ruhango Bakomeza Itumanaho ry'Ingorane

Mu bihe bikomeye, akamaro k'ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho ryihutirwa ni ko gatuma gahunda zo guhunga no gukumira ibibazo zigerwaho. Sisitemu yo kuvugana n'abantu benshi ikora nk'uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gutumanaho mu buryo bwihuse, yirengagiza igihe cyo gutinda, ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjire, n'imbogamizi zigaragara mu butumwa bw'ikoranabuhanga ku giti cye.

Nubwo ibikoresho bigezweho bikunze gushyira ubutumwa bugufi, ubutumwa bwa imeri, n'ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga mu mutekano wabyo, isakazwa ry'amajwi riracyari igikoresho cyihuse kandi gifite akamaro. Gushushanya izi sisitemu zo gukoresha mu mutekano w'ubuzima bisaba kuva ku majwi asanzwe y'ubucuruzi, bigashyira imbere uburyo bwo kwizerwa budasubirwaho, gutanga ubutumwa busobanutse neza, no kwinjira neza mu majwi.

Impamvu abashinzwe gahunda z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze bishingikiriza ku bavugizi b'abaturage

Abategura gahunda z'ubutabazi bw'ibanzesisitemu zo kuvugira mu ruhamekuko zitanga ubushobozi bwo gusakaza amakuru mu buryo bwose budashingiye ku bikoresho by’abakoresha. Bitandukanye n’imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa, ikunze kugira ubucucike bukomeye mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’aho hantu bigatera gutinda gutanga ubutumwa bugufi, ibikorwa remezo bya IP by’itumanaho rusange cyangwa by’umwihariko byemeza ko ubutumwa bukwirakwira vuba. Uku kwihuta ni ingenzi mu bihe nk’ibibera mu kurasa, kwangirika kw’ibinyabutabire, cyangwa kuburira abantu ku bidukikije bikomeye, aho kubaho kw’abantu bishingiye ku kumenya uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe nyacyo.

Byongeye kandi, amajwi agezweho yakozwe mu buryo bweruye kugira ngo agere ahantu hari urusaku rwinshi.Inganda zikoraIbikoresho, hangari z'indege, n'aho imodoka zitwara abantu zikorera akenshi bifata urusaku ruhoraho hagati ya 75 dB na 85 dB. Abashinzwe igenamigambi ry'ubutabazi bw'ibanze bishingikiriza ku byuma bitanga umuvuduko mwinshi bishobora guca urusaku rw'amajwi mu buryo burambuye. Binyuze mu gukoresha ibinyabiziga bigezweho byo gukanda no gukwirakwiza neza, izi sisitemu zemeza ko amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo gusohoka adatangazwa gusa, ahubwo ko yumvikana neza n'abari mu modoka hatitawe ku bidukikije, aho bareba, cyangwa kutagira umurongo ngenderwaho ugendanwa.

Uburyo Abavuga mu Ruhango Bagabanya Igihe cyo Gusubiza

Gushyira ahagaragara umuyoboro w’itumanaho rusange ugabanya igihe cyo kwimuka mu kigo binyuze mu gukuraho "icyiciro cyo kugenzura" uburyo abantu bitabira imitekerereze yabo. Iyo abari aho bumvise ijwi risanzwe ritavuzwe mu nkongi y’umuriro, ubushakashatsi bw’imyitwarire bwerekana ko akenshi bamara iminota y’agaciro bashaka icyemezo cy’inyongera—bashaka umwotsi, kubaza bagenzi babo, cyangwa kureba telefoni zabo—mbere yo gutangira kwimuka.

Mu buryo bunyuranye cyane, amabwiriza asobanutse neza atangazwa binyuze muri sisitemu yo kuvugana n'abantu ku mugaragaro agabanya cyane ubu buryo bwo gutinda gutinda. Mu gutanga amabwiriza yihariye kandi ashobora gukurikizwa—nk'ukumenya ingazi zitekanye, gutangaza ko hagomba gufungwa, cyangwa gutangiza gahunda yo kwihisha—izi sisitemu zikuraho ubu buryo bwo kutamenya neza imikorere. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ziremera ubu buryo bwiza; urugero, Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi z'Umuriro (NFPA) ritegeka ko itumanaho ryihutirwa rigomba kugera ku baturage bireba mu masegonda 10 nyuma yo gutangira gutanga induru. Indangururamajwi zikoresha ubwenge bwinshi zemeza ko ingufu z'amajwi zihinduka mu bikorwa byihuse by'abantu, zigabanye igihe cyo gutabara impanuka muri rusange kandi zikagabanya ibyago by'abakomeretse.

Ni iki gisobanura uburyo bwo kuvugana n'abantu mu ruhame buteguye mu gihe cy'impanuka?

Gutunganya sisitemu y’amajwi rusange yiteguye gukorerwa mu gihe cy’impanuka bisaba kurenga porogaramu z’umuziki zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi. Bisaba guhuza cyane uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga mu ijwi, transducers zikozwe mu buryo bw’amajwi, hamwe no gutunganya ibimenyetso by’ikoranabuhanga bidashobora gucika intege byagenewe gukora mu bihe bikomeye.

Ibice by'ingenzi bigize sisitemu y'abavuga ijambo rusange

Imiterere y'urusobe rw'itumanaho ry'itumanaho rusange mu mutekano w'ubuzima yubakiye ku bice byinshi by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho by'ingenzi. Mu byuma bikurura umutwe harimo amplifiers zo mu cyiciro cya D, zatoranijwe by'umwihariko kubera ubushobozi bwazo budasanzwe bwo gushyuha (akenshi zirenga 85%) n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gukora neza ku ngufu za bateri ya DC idatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu byuma. Izi amplifiers zitwara transducers zikoresheje imirongo ya 70V cyangwa 100V ihoraho, topology y'amashanyarazi ituma indangururamajwi nyinshi ziboshywe mu minyururu ya metero ibihumbi n'ibihumbi y'insinga ya FPLP (plenum) cyangwa FPLR (riser) ifite ingufu nkeya.

Kuva ku cyiciro cyo kongera imbaraga, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) zicunga equalization, delay matrices, na dynamic range compression. DSP ni ingenzi mu guhindura sisitemu kugira ngo ijyane n'ikimenyetso cyihariye cy'ijwi ry'ikigo. Binyuze mu gukoresha parametric equalizers kugira ngo ibone resonant room frequencies, DSP igenzura ko ikimenyetso cy'amajwi cyakozwe neza cyane ku rubyiniro rw'abantu (ubusanzwe kuva kuri 300 Hz kugeza kuri 3400 Hz) mbere yuko kigera ku cyuma cy'ikirangurura gifatika, bityo bikarushaho kuba byiza.

Ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa, uburyo amajwi akoreshwa, n'urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi

Igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo kuvuga mu ruhame ni uburyo bwo kumvikana, bugaragazwa ku mugaragaro na Speech Transmission Index (STI). Ku bijyanye no gusohora ijwi, amahame mpuzamahanga agenga umutekano w'ubuzima muri rusange asaba nibura STI 0.50 (ku gipimo cya 0 kugeza 1.0), kwemeza ko inyuguti n'inyajwi bigoye bitandukanye bihagije kugira ngo abumva basobanukirwe amabwiriza nta shingiro. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho bisaba kugenzura neza urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi (SPL) n'imiterere y'ahantu.

Kugira ngo urusaku rutsikire neza inyuma, sisitemu igomba gutanga SPL iri hejuru ya dB 10 kugeza kuri 15 dB ugereranyije n’aho isanzwe iherereye. Urugero, mu nganda zikora urusaku ruhoraho rwa dB 80, indangururamajwi zivuga ku mugaragaro zigomba gukora byibuze dB 95 mu gutwi k'umuntu uzumva. Injeniyeri mu by'amajwi zishushanya mu buryo bwa mibare inguni zikwirakwira (akenshi kuva kuri dogere 90 kugeza kuri 120) za buri ndangururamajwi kugira ngo zirebe ko ahantu hose hakwirakwira hakwirakwira. Ubu buryo bunini bukuraho "ahantu hapfuye" aho SPL ishobora kumanuka munsi y'umurongo w'ingenzi wa +10 dB, bigatuma habaho kumva neza mu gishushanyo cyose cy'inzu.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubushobozi bw'itumanaho ryihutirwa budashobora gupimwa gusa hakurikijwe ibipimo by'amajwi. Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byo kugera ku bantu, nk'ibiteganywa n'Itegeko ry'Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA), sisitemu z'amajwi zigomba guhuzwa n'ibikoresho byo kumenyesha abantu (nk'amatara ya strobe). Ibi byemeza ko abantu batumva cyangwa bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ndetse n'abantu bambaye ibirinda kumva mu gace karimo urusaku rwinshi, bahabwa ubutumwa bumwe bw'ingenzi.

Indangururamajwi z'amahoni ugereranyije n'iz'igisenge n'iz'urukuta

Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa transducer ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugere ku buryo bukwiye bwo guhuza inyubako no gushyira hamwe neza. Ubusanzwe amahitamo ashyirwa hagati y’indangururamajwi zifite amashanyarazi menshi n’ibisenge binini cyangwa inkuta, buri imwe ikaba ifite akamaro kayo mu buryo butandukanye.

Indangururamajwi zikoresha icyuma gipima amajwi (compression driver) gifatanye n'umurongo w'amajwi (flared waveguide) kugira ngo zirusheho kwerekana amajwi no kwirinda ikirere. Akenshi zifite amanota ya IP66, ni ingenzi cyane ku buso bunini kandi bufite urusaku aho ubwinshi bw'amajwi ari ingenzi cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, indangururamajwi zo mu gisenge n'izishyizwe ku nkuta zitanga ibisubizo birambuye ku nshuro nyinshi n'inguni nini kandi zifatanye. Ibi biranga ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu mazu yo mu nzu afite ibisenge byo hasi, aho icyerekezo kibi cy'impanda cyatera amajwi menshi cyane.

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, umutekano, no guhuza sisitemu

Umuyoboro w’itumanaho ryihutirwa ntushobora gukora wonyine. Ugomba gukora nk'aho ari ahantu hemewe kandi hahujwe neza mu buryo bwagutse bw’umutekano w’ubuzima bw’ikigo, uburyo bwo kumenya inkongi z’umuriro, n’umutekano w’umubiri.

Uburyo sisitemu y'abavuga mu ruhame ishyigikira amahame y'umutekano

Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko rigena imiterere y’ibanze, uburyo bwo kubaho, n’imikorere ya sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yo gutumanaho mu gihe cy’impanuka (EVAC). Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, kode ya NFPA 72 ishyiraho ibipimo bihamye byo kubaho, kumva no gusobanukirwa sisitemu. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, mu bihugu by’i Burayi, amahame ya EN 54-24 agenga imiterere n’imikorere y’indangururamajwi z’indangururamajwi, mu gihe EN 54-16 ireba ibikoresho byo kugenzura.

Nubwo izi ngingo z’amategeko zigena ko nta kibazo cyo kubaho—nk’uko bisaba ko sisitemu zikomeza gukora amasaha 24 zituje hanyuma zigakurikiraho iminota 30 yo gutangaza amakuru ahoraho hakoreshejwe ingufu za bateri—abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bakunze gukoresha ubundi buryo bwiza bwo kurenza ibi bipimo. Urugero, indangururamajwi zikurikiza amategeko zigomba kugira ahantu hadashya kandi hagashyirwaho ibyuma bya ceramic hamwe na fuse z’ubushyuhe. Iyi miterere y’amashanyarazi igenzura ko niba umuriro uhari wishe indangururamajwi imwe, fuse y’ubushyuhe iyitandukanya n’uruziga, ikarinda ko habaho guhagarara kw’amajwi kwashoboraga guhagarika akarere kose k’amajwi.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhuza imbunda zitanga amakuru ku nkongi y'umuriro n'uburyo bw'umutekano

Ingufu za sisitemu y’itumanaho rusange zishingiye cyane ku buryo ikorana nayo mu buryo bwikora hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kumenya umuriro n’umutekano. Guhuza ibintu bikunze kugerwaho ku rwego rw’ibikoresho binyuze mu gufunga by’amakuru cyangwa, mu buryo bugezweho, binyuze muri porogaramu zishingiye kuri IP nka SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) na ONVIF.

Iyo Akanama gashinzwe kugenzura inzibutso z'umuriro (FACP) gabonye ikintu cyabereye aho kiri—nk'icyuma gipima umwotsi cyangwa amazi—kohereza ako kanya impinduka mu miterere y'amajwi kuri matrix y'inzira y'itumanaho rusange. Mu gihe cy'igenzura rikomeye,Sisitemu ya PAigomba guhita ifunga umuziki w’inyuma udakenewe cyane, igakuraho paging iyo ari yo yose itari iy’impanuka, kandi igatangiza amabwiriza yo guhunga yafashwe amajwi mbere. Mu buryo bw’umutekano, guhuza na Video Management Systems (VMS) bituma abashinzwe umutekano bashobora gutangiza uburyo bwo kuburira amajwi mu buryo bwikora kandi bugaragara cyane binyuze mu ndangururamajwi zo hanze mu gihe hagaragaye ko hari aho abantu batabona amakuru binyuze muri kamera zigenzura.

Gutandukanya uturere, Gushyira mu bikorwa ibizamini by'ibanze, imbaraga zo gusimbuza, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umutekano utekanye

Kugira ngo habeho ko habaho ibikorwa bidahagarara mu gihe cy'akajagari, sisitemu zo kuvugana n'abantu bose zikoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya ahantu hazwi cyane n'imiterere ikomeye idakora neza. Gutandukanya ahantu hazwi byemerera abashinzwe umutekano gukora ibikorwa byo kwimura abantu mu nyubako ndende mu buryo burambuye—urugero, kuyobora abari ku gisenge cy'umuriro n'abari ku gisenge kiri hejuru y'inzu kubanza kuva aho bari, mu gihe hagategekwa n'ahandi hantu kuguma aho bari. Imiterere y'ibintu byihutirwa irashyirwa mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko amatangazo y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze aturutse ku kigo gishinzwe kuzimya inkongi asimbura ubutumwa bwose bwikora.

Ku rwego rw'ibikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera cy'umutekano kidakora neza gikubiyemo gusibanganya amplifier ya N+1. Iyo amplifier y'ibanze inaniwe kubera umunaniro w'ibice, icyuma cyihariye gifata umutwaro w'amajwi mu gihe gito cyane, bigatuma nta guhagarara kw'amajwi kuri radiyo. Byongeye kandi, matrix yo kugenzura sisitemu ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura impera y'umurongo (EOL) kugira ngo ipime impedance y'umurongo wa 100V ikoresheje amajwi y'icyitegererezo adasobanutse. Iyo DSP ibonye impinduka zikomeye ku mpedance - bigaragaza insinga yaciwe, umuyoboro mugufi, cyangwa umuvuduko w'indangururamajwi wapfutse - ihita ikora raporo y'ikosa kuri sitasiyo nkuru y'ubuyobozi, bigatuma habaho kubungabunga vuba.

Nubwo hari izi nzira zo gufunga amakuru, uburyo bwo kuvugira mu ruhame ntabwo bushobora kugira intege nke. Ahantu hamwe ho gutsindwa, nko gukata insinga z'ingenzi, bigaragaza ko hakenewe inzira zidafite insinga. Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe gutegura ibikorwa bagomba gutekereza ku bihe aho gutangaza amajwi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi, nko mu bihe by'impanuka bishobora gusaba ko habaho gahunda zo gufunga bucece aho gukoresha amajwi yumvikana.

Uburyo bwo Gushushanya no Gushyiramo Indangururamajwi z'Ahantu Hazwi

Guhindura ibisabwa mu buryo bw'amajwi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu kumenyekanisha amajwi rusange bisaba uburyo bwo gusuzuma aho ibintu biherereye, gushushanya inzira zinyuramo, no kubungabunga ubuzima bw'umuntu.

Intambwe zo gusuzuma aho ibintu biherereye mbere yo gushyiraho

Gushyiramo umuyoboro w’itumanaho rusange bigomba kubanzirizwa no gusuzuma ahantu hose hakorerwa amajwi. Abahanga mu by’amajwi bakoresha porogaramu zitegura amajwi, nka EASE (Enhanced Acoustic Simulator for Engineers), kugira ngo bagaragaze neza imiterere y’ikigo mu buryo bwa 3D, uburebure bw’igisenge, n’ibikoresho byihariye by’ubwubatsi.

Igipimo cy’ingenzi cyasesenguwe muri iki cyiciro cyo guhanura ni agaciro ka RT60—igihe bifata kugira ngo ijwi rivungukeho desibeli 60. Mu mwanya urimo urusaku rwinshi aho RT60 irenga amasegonda 1.5 (nk'ahantu ho koga mu kirahure, pisine zo mu nzu, cyangwa sitasiyo za sima), gushyiraho indangururamajwi zisanzwe zo ku gisenge zizatanga amajwi ahurirana, bigasenya burundu ubushobozi bwo kumva neza. Muri ubwo buryo bw’amajwi, isuzuma rizasaba gukoresha indangururamajwi ziyobora umurongo w’umurongo, cyangwa se, gukwirakwiza indangururamajwi zikoresha imbaraga nkeya zishyizwe hafi y’uwumva kugira ngo hongerwe igipimo cy’amajwi asobanutse n’amajwi asubiramo.

Uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa, gutanga amakuru mbere y'uko afatwa, no gushyira ubutumwa kuri paji imbonankubone

Iyo imiterere ya transducer isanzwe imaze gushyirwaho, injeniyeri zishyiraho imiterere y’ubwenge igenga uburyo ubutumwa bugenda, ibintu bitangira mu buryo bwikora, na paging parameters. Sisitemu zigezweho zo kohereza aderesi rusange zikoresha router za digital matrix zishobora gukoresha imiyoboro 64 cyangwa irenga y’amajwi icyarimwe mu bice amagana bitandukanye by’umubiri.

Mu gihe cy’impanuka, sisitemu ikoresha ububiko buhamye kandi budahindagurika kugira ngo ibike kandi itange amakuru yafashwe mbere. Ubu butumwa bwikora butuma amabwiriza atuje, asanzwe kandi yemewe n’amategeko atangwa ako kanya. Ariko, sisitemu igomba kandi koroshya uburyo bwo gukora paging imbonankubone. Paging consoles ziri ku biro by’umutekano, aho kwakira abantu, cyangwa aho bashinzwe amabwiriza zishyirwaho na buto zihariye zo guhitamo ahantu. Ubu buryo butuma abayobozi b’impanuka batanga amabwiriza mu gihe nyacyo uko ikibazo kigenda gihinduka—nk’uko bayobora imbaga y’abantu kuva aho basohoka—bahita barenga umurongo wose wafashwe mbere urimo ucurangwa muri ako gace.

Gupima, Gutanga serivisi, no Kubungabunga

Icyiciro cya nyuma cyo gushyiraho porogaramu gikubiyemo isuzuma rikomeye, gushyiraho porogaramu ku mugaragaro, no gushyiraho uburyo buhoraho bwo kuyitunganya. Gukoresha sisitemu yo guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa bisaba kugenzura imikorere y'amajwi kugira ngo harebwe ko iyubahirizwa ry'uburyo bwa mbere bwa EASE.

Abatekinisiye bakoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gusesengura amajwi kugira ngo bapime igipimo cy’ihererekanya ry’amajwi n’urwego rw’umuvuduko w’amajwi ku burebure busanzwe bw’abumva ijwi bungana na metero 1.5 uvuye ku igorofa rirangiye, bandika ibyavuye mu ikarita y’urukuta rw’ikigo kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bubahiriza amategeko y’Ikigo Gifite Ububasha (AHJ). Nyuma yo gutangira, kubungabunga bidatinze si amahitamo; ni itegeko rikomeye rigenga. Gahunda zo gupima buri mwaka zikubiyemo kugenzura impedance y’imbere ya bateri, gusuzuma uburyo bwo gucika intege bw’ibyuma bitanga amplifiers, no kugenzura neza aho indangururamajwi zifungiye kugira ngo zirebe niba ibidukikije byangiritse cyangwa amazi yinjira, bakareba ko sisitemu iguma mu buryo buhoraho.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo igisubizo cy'umuvugizi w'imvugo rusange gikwiye

Ba nyir'ibigo, abubatsi, n'abayobozi b'ikoranabuhanga bahura n'ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutanga amasoko iyo bashora imari mu bikorwa remezo by'indangururamajwi rusange. Guhitamo igisubizo cyiza bisaba kuringaniza imikorere y'amajwi yihuse hamwe n'imiterere y'umuyoboro, kwaguka mu gihe kirekire, ndetse n'ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru, uburyo bwo kwizerwa, no kwaguka

Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo guhitamo sisitemu y'itumanaho rusange bishingira ku bushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, ubwizerwe bw'ibikoresho, no kwaguka kw'inyubako. Abafata ibyemezo bagomba gusuzuma neza igihe hagati y'ibice by'ingenzi (MTBF); sisitemu zihutirwa zo mu rwego rw'ikigo ubusanzwe zifite amanota ya MTBF arenga amasaha 50.000, agaragaza capacitors zo mu rwego rw'inganda n'imicungire ikomeye y'ubushyuhe.

Ubudahangarwa ku bidukikije ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu guhitamo. Abavuga rikijyana bagenewe guparika hanze, guparika imodoka, cyangwaibidukikije bibi by'ingandaIgomba kugira amanota akomeye yo kurinda kwinjira (IP), nka IP66, kugira ngo ikomeze gukora nubwo yahura n’amazi menshi kandi ivumbi ryose rigakwirakwira. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka busaba ko matrix yo kugenzura yatoranijwe ishobora kwakira neza ibikorwa byo kwagura ikigo mu gihe kizaza. Sisitemu nziza yemerera kongeramo uduce dushya two gupima hakoreshejwe porogaramu zoroshye cyangwa amakarita ya modular hardware, aho gusaba gusimbuza ibikoresho byose byo mu mutwe igihe icyumba gishya cyubatswe.

Sisitemu zikoresha insinga, IP, Wireless, na Hybrid

Icyemezo cy'ingenzi cyane mu bwubatsi kijyanye no guhitamo hagati y'uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gutumanaho bushingiye ku muyoboro wa analog, IP, wireless, cyangwa hybrid transmission topology.

Sisitemu zisanzwe za analoji za 100V zikomeje kuba igipimo cya zahabu cyo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi intera ndende aho SPL nini ikenewe mu nyubako nini. Ku rundi ruhande, indangururamajwi zishingiye kuri IP zikoresha ibikorwa remezo bya IT bihari, zikoresha Power over Ethernet (PoE) kugira ngo zitange amajwi ya digitale na DC ku mugozi umwe usanzwe w’itumanaho. Nubwo zoroshye cyane kandi zishobora kwakirwa ku giti cyazo kugeza ku ndangururamajwi imwe, sisitemu zisanzwe za PoE+ zari zisanzwe zifite umuvuduko wa watts 30 kuri buri gice. Ariko, sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha PoE++ (IEEE 802.3bt) zishobora gushyigikira 60W kugeza kuri 90W, zikongera cyane ikoreshwa ryazo mu duce tw’urusaku rwinshi. Sisitemu zivanze zikunze kuziba iki cyuho, zikoresha umuyoboro wa IP wa fiber-optic kugira ngo zikwirakwize amajwi mu kigo kinini kugeza ku byuma bitanga amajwi bya analog byigenga biyobora indangururamajwi za 100V zo mu gace.

Gahunda y'ibyemezo bya nyuma ku ba nyir'ibigo

Ku ba nyir'ibigo, urwego rw'ibyemezo bya nyuma rugomba kuba rukubiyemo isesengura ryuzuye ry'Ikiguzi cy'Ubucuruzi (TCO) riteganijwe mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15. Nubwo sisitemu zishingiye kuri IP zikunze kugaragaza amafaranga make y'ibanze akoreshwa mu gushora imari (CAPEX) mu bigo bisanzwe bifite ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro ukomeye kandi udafite akamaro, ba nyir'ibigo bagomba gusuzuma neza amafaranga akoreshwa mu gushora imari (OPEX). Sisitemu zikoresha imiyoboro zisaba gukomeza kubungabunga ikoranabuhanga, gukosora umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga, kuvugurura porogaramu, no gucunga uburyo bwo gusiba PoE switch.

Sisitemu za analog zishobora gusaba ko habaho terensi nyinshi, imiyoboro y'itumanaho, n'ibiciro byihariye byo gukoresha insinga, ariko akenshi zitanga OPEX nke bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha, kutagira intege nke za porogaramu, no kuramba cyane kw'ibikoresho. Amaherezo, igisubizo cyiza cyo gukoresha indangururamajwi rusange gihuza ibisabwa bikomeye byo kurinda ubuzima bw'amajwi n'ikoranabuhanga ririho muri icyo kigo, bigatuma itumanaho ryizewe nta guhindura imiterere y'umuyoboro bitari ngombwa.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Koresha ibikorwa remezo byabigenewe by’itumanaho rya elegitoroniki cyangwa IP kugira ngo wirinde gutinda no gutinda bishobora kugira ingaruka ku butumwa bugufi cyangwa telefoni mu gihe cy’ibibazo byihutirwa.
• Shyiraho indangururamajwi zitanga umusaruro mwinshi mu nganda aho urusaku rw'ibanze rushobora kugera kuri 75 dB kugeza kuri 85 dB.
• Shyira imbere amabwiriza yumvikana neza kuruta amajwi asanzwe kuko ubutumwa bwihariye bwo kuva mu rugo, gufungirwa mu rugo, cyangwa ubutumwa bwo kwihisha mu rugo bigabanya gutinda kw'abahatuye.
• Tegura uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi zihutirwa ku bantu bahura n’ibibazo byihutirwa, harimo n’uburyo NFPA yemera ko abantu bagomba kugera ku baturage mu masegonda 10 nyuma yo gutangira gutangaza amakuru.
• Hitamo ibikoresho bikomeye, bidashobora ikirere, bidashobora kuvogerwa n'amazi, cyangwa bidashobora guturika bya PA na intercom byo hanze, ahantu hateje akaga, mu mazi, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, muri peteroli na gazi, ndetse no mu gutwara abantu.
• Huza indangururamajwi za PA hamwe n'intabaza, paging, VoIP, dispatch consoles, n'udusanduku tw'itumanaho ryihutirwa kugira ngo ukore sisitemu y'itumanaho ihamye ifite imiyoboro myinshi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki abavuga ijambo mu ruhame ari ingenzi mu bihe byihutirwa?

Batangariza abantu bose amabwiriza yihuse mu kigo batishingikirije kuri telefoni zigendanwa, porogaramu, cyangwa uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti, bafasha abantu kwihuta mu gihe cy'inkongi z'umuriro, imvura yamenetse, ikirere kibi, cyangwa impanuka z'umutekano.

Ni gute abavuga rikijyana muri PA bagabanya gutinda gusohoka?

Ubutumwa bwumvikana neza bukuraho ikibazo cyo kutizerana bubwira abari mu modoka icyo bakora, aho bajya, n'inzira bagomba kwirinda, bigabanye gutinda gukunze gukurikira amajwi asanzwe y'inkuba.

Ni iki gitandukanya sisitemu y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze n’ibikoresho bisanzwe by’amajwi?

Sisitemu za Emergency PA zishyira imbere ubumenyi, umusaruro mwinshi, kwihanganira amakosa, imbaraga zizewe, no gukwirakwiza amakuru ahantu harangwa urusaku cyangwa habi aho gushyira imbere ireme ry’umuziki inyuma.

Ese abavuga mu ruhame bashobora gukorera ahantu hakorerwa urusaku rw'inganda?

Yego. Abavuga rikijyana bakoresha ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro mwinshi n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bugenzurwa kugira ngo bagabanye urusaku rukunze kugaragara mu nganda zikora, aho ubwikorezi bukorerwa, n'ibirombe by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa peteroli na gaze.

Ese sisitemu zikomeye za PA zikwiriye ibidukikije bishobora guteza akaga?

Yego. Abatanga serivisi nka SINIWO batanga ibikoresho by'itumanaho birinda ikirere, amazi adatemba, kandi birinda guturika mu bice bikomeye byo hanze no mu bice biteje akaga, harimo ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, peteroli na gaze, amazi yo mu mazi, n'ahantu ho kubaka.