Uburyo Terefone zo mu rwego rw'inganda zifasha mu kubungabunga umutekano mu turere twangiza ubuzima

Intangiriro

Mu nganda ziteje akaga, uburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bwo guhamagara ubufasha bushobora kumenya niba impanuka iguma mu buryo butekanye cyangwa ikomeje kwiyongera. Terefone z’inganda zishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze zubatswe kugira ngo zikore ahantu ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, gutigita, n’ikirere giturika bishobora guhagarika ibikoresho bisanzwe. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo izi sisitemu zifasha mu gusubiza vuba, kunoza imikoranire n’ibyumba byo kugenzura n’amatsinda y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, no gufasha ibigo kuzuza ibisabwa mu mutekano mu bikorwa bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye.

Impamvu telefoni zikoreshwa mu butabazi bw'ibanze mu nganda ari ingenzi mu turere dufite akaga

Mu nganda zishobora guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye, ibikorwa remezo by’itumanaho ni byo by’ingenzi mu gihe cy’impanuka zikomeye. Terefone z’inganda zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihutirwa zakozwe kugira ngo zitange itumanaho ry’amajwi ridafite ingaruka mbi mu nzego nko gutunganya peteroli, gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu mazi, no mu nganda zikomeye. Bitandukanye n’itumanaho ry’ubucuruzi, izi sisitemu zikomeye zagenewe gukora buri gihe mu gihe cy’ingufu zikomeye, zigamije kwemeza ko amabwiriza y’ubuzima, umutekano, n’ibidukikije (HSE) ashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa nta kibazo cya tekiniki.

Uburyo bagabanya igihe cyo gutabara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’inganda, buri segonda ryo gutinda ryongera cyane ibyago byo kwangirika kw’umutungo cyangwa gutakaza ubuzima. Terefone z’inganda zikoresha uburyo bwo guhamagara buzikora no guhamagara vuba kugira ngo zihuze abakoresha n’ibyumba bigenzura cyangwa serivisi z’ubutabazi. Mu gukuraho gutinda guhamagara no guhamagara n’intoki, izi sisitemu zigabanya igihe cy’itumanaho ry’ubutabazi kuva ku mpuzandengo y’inganda kuva ku minota 3 kugeza kuri 5 kugeza munsi y’amasegonda 30.

Ni izihe ngaruka zo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga zisaba telefoni yihariye yo guhamagara mu gihe cy'impanuka

Ibikoresho bikora n'imyuka ihindagurika, ivumbi rishobora gushya, cyangwa ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije cyane bisaba ibikoresho byihariye by'itumanaho. Ibidukikije bishyirwa mu byiciro nk'ibiATEX Zone 1 cyangwa Zone 21Bitera ibyago byo gushya buri gihe, bisaba telefoni ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritazibagirana cyangwa ridashobora gushya. Byongeye kandi, uturere dukoreramo dufite urusaku rwo mu kirere rurenga 85 dB (A), cyangwa uturere duhura n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +70°C, bituma ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubucuruzi bidakora neza, bikaba ngombwa ko inganda zubatswe ku buryo bwazo.

Ni izihe nyungu z'imikorere batanga

Uretse gucunga ibibazo, telefoni zigenewe ubutabazi ziroroshya igenzura ry’imikorere ya buri munsi. Telefoni zigezweho zikoreshwa mu nganda zihuza neza naSisitemu zo Gutanga Amajwi Rusange n'Itangazo Rusange (PA/GA), bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gusakaza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse ukoresheje telefoni. Kubera ko igihe cyo hagati y’igihe cyo gutsindwa (MTBF) gikunze kurenza amasaha 50.000, ibi bice bitanga icyizere cy’imikorere kidasanzwe, bigabanya umutwaro w’ubuyobozi ku matsinda y’ikoranabuhanga n’ay’abashinzwe kubungabunga amakuru mu gihe bigenzura ko ahantu hose hashobora kugaragara neza.

Ibiranga tekiniki Terefone zihutirwa zo mu nganda zigomba kuba zirimo

Imiterere y'ibanze ya telefoni y'inganda ifasha mu bihe by'impanuka ni yo igena uburyo izakomeza kubaho. Abahanga mu by'amasoko bagomba gusuzuma ibipimo bya tekiniki, imiterere y'ibikoresho, n'uburyo bwo kwirinda kwinjira kugira ngo barebe ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bihuye n'imiterere y'ibyago by'ikigo.

Ni izihe ngamba zo kurinda n'impamyabushobozi zikenewe

Gukurikiza amabwiriza ni byo shingiro ryo guhitamo ibikoresho ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ibyemezo bikwiye nka ATEX, IECEx, cyangwa UL bijyanye n'ikirere cyihariye giturika. Byongeye kandi, guhangana n'ibidukikije bisaba amanota akomeye yo kurinda kwinjira; nibura IP66 cyangwa IP67 ni ibisanzwe kugira ngo hirindwe kwinjira kw'umukungugu wangiza n'amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi, mu gihe amanota ya NEMA 4X ari ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho peteroli muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.

Uburyo amajwi, uburyo bwo kugenzura, n'imiterere y'ingufu bigira ingaruka ku bwizewe

Ubushobozi bwo gusohora ijwi mu kirere gifite decibel nyinshi bushingiye ku mikoro zigezweho zikuraho urusaku n'ibikoresho byo kwakira ijwi bifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ingano y'impeta igomba gusohora urusaku rukomeye rw'imashini, akenshi ikenera umuvuduko uri hagati ya 90 na 110 dB (A) ku ntera ya metero 1. Ukurikije ingufu, Power over Ethernet (PoE) yabaye ihame ku buryo bwa VoIP, yemerera insinga imwe ya Cat5e / Cat6 gutanga amakuru n'ingufu. Ibi byoroshya uburyo bwo gusohora ijwi binyuze muri sisitemu zo mu bwoko bwa Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) zihuriweho.

Ibikoresho n'ibipimo byo gushyiraho bihuye n'ibidukikije bibi

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Ibikoresho byo gupfunyika n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo bigomba kwihanganira ingaruka za mekanike, kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire, n'ikirere kibi.Polyester ikoreshwa mu kirahure (GRP)na 316L Stainless Steel ni byo bikoresho byiganjemo, bifatanye n'insinga za handset zirinda kwangirika zifite imbaraga zo gukurura zirenga kg 200.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya telefoni zihutirwa zo mu nganda n'izindi

Nubwo inganda zigezweho zikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye by'itumanaho, gusobanukirwa ibyiza byo kugereranya telefoni zihoraho zidasanzwe ugereranije n'izindi telefoni zigendanwa ni ingenzi mu gushushanya imiterere yuzuye ya HSE.

Iyo bakunda gukoresha radiyo na za intercom

Radiyo z'inzira ebyiri (TETRA/DMR) naInteruro zitagira umugoziBitanga uburyo bwo kugenda, ariko bishyiraho ibintu bidashobora kwemerwa mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’abaturage. Terefone zishaje zo mu nganda zikuraho ibyago byo kubura bateri, terefone zigendanwa zitari zo, ndetse n’ahantu hatazwi ho gukoresha radiyo (RF). Kubera ko zishyirwaho insinga kandi zigashyirwa ahantu hakomeye cyangwa ahantu hashobora guterwa n’impanuka nyinshi, zizeza abakozi bose ko bashobora kuzigeraho ako kanya, harimo n’abakora imirimo bashobora kuba badafite radiyo zabo bwite.

Ni ibihe bipimo bigomba gukurikizwa mu igereranya ry'amasoko

Mu kugereranya uburyo bwo kugura, igenamiterere ry'imari rigomba kubarwa ku mafaranga akoreshwa mu gushora imari mu bikorwa (CapEx) no mu bikorwa (OpEx). Nubwo radiyo zigendanwa zifite ikiguzi gito cy'ibikoresho byazo, ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga kiyongera bitewe no gusimbuza bateri buri mezi 12 kugeza kuri 18, gutanga uburenganzira ku bikoresho bya porogaramu, no gusimbuza ibikoresho byatakaye. Ku rundi ruhande, telefoni zigendanwa zikoreshwa mu nganda zitwara igihe kirekire zigaragaza CapEx y'ibanze ariko itanga igihe cyo gukora cy'imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15 hamwe n'ikiguzi gito cyo gusubiramo.

Uburyo imiterere y'aho hantu igira ingaruka ku ihitamo ry'ikoranabuhanga

Imiterere y'ahantu runaka igira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihitamo ry'ikoranabuhanga. Inyubako z'icyuma zicucitse, zisanzwe mu nganda zitunganya amabuye n'imbuga zo mu nyanja, zigabanya cyane ibimenyetso bya RF, bigasaba sisitemu zihenze za antene zikwirakwizwa (DAS) kugira ngo radiyo ikoreshwe neza. Terefone zikoresha insinga zikoresha insinga zirenga iki kibazo zikoresheje imiyoboro ya fiber-optic cyangwa insinga z'umuringa. Ariko, injeniyeri zigomba kwita ku ntera y'insinga; Cat6 Ethernet isanzwe igenzurwa na metero 100, bisaba kwagura fibre-optic cyangwa guhindura imiyoboro y'insinga kugira ngo imiterere y'inganda nini igenzurwe.

Uburyo kubahiriza amategeko, gushyiraho no kubungabunga bitanga umusaruro mwiza

Kuba telefoni ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihutirwa mu nganda ikora neza gusa binyuze mu gushyiraho telefoni mu buryo buhamye, kubahiriza amabwiriza y’uko ikora neza, no kuyibungabunga mu buryo buhoraho.

Ni izihe ngamba, igenzura, n'inyandiko zikurikizwa?

Gushyira ibikoresho mu kirere giturika bigomba gukurikiza cyane amahame ngenderwaho ya IEC 60079, agenga ishyirwa ry'ibikoresho mu bice biteje akaga. Kubahiriza amategeko bisaba inyandiko zirambuye, harimo n'ibyemezo bya Ex n'ibarura ry'inzira ritekanye (IS). Inzego z'amategeko zitegeka kandi gahunda z'igenzura risanzwe; ibigo bikunze gukora igenzura rigaragara buri mezi 6 n'igenzura rirambuye rya mekanike buri myaka 3 kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'aho biri n'imiterere y'aho bifungirwa.

Ni izihe ngamba nziza ziyobora gushyiramo, gukoresha insinga, no gupima

Gushyiramo insinga zikozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga no kuzigama insinga ni ingenzi mu gutuma sisitemu ikora neza. Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho telefoni ku burebure bushoboka kuva kuri metero 1.2 kugeza 1.4 uvuye hasi ugana hagati mu gice, bigatuma abakozi bose bazigeraho. Insinga zigomba gukoresha insinga zikwiye, kandi insinga zigomba gukomezwa ku buryo bwihariye—akenshi hagati ya 20 na 30 Nm—kugira ngo igipimo cya IP gikomeze kuba cyiza kandi kidapfa umuriro.

Uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda yo kubungabunga, ibikoresho byo gusimbura, n'inkunga y'ubuzima bwose

Guhindura imikorere kuva ku bikorwa byo kwirinda impanuka kugeza ku bikorwa byo gukumira impanuka byongera cyane uburyo bwo kwitegura impanuka. Terefone zigezweho zikoresha SIP zifasha gushakisha amakuru hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya kure binyuze muri Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Iyi mikorere yemerera sisitemu zo kugenzura kugenzura imikorere ya telefoni zigendanwa, imikorere ya mikoro, n'imikoranire ya interineti, bigabanyiriza ikiguzi cy'akazi ko gupima intoki kugeza kuri 60%. Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba kandi kubika ibikoresho by'ingenzi, nk'ibikoresho bisimbura telefoni n'ibindi bikoresho by'ingenzi byacapwe (PCBs), kugira ngo bigabanye igihe cyo kudakora.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni ijyanye n'ibibazo by'inganda

Guhitamo telefoni nziza yo mu nganda ijyanye n’ubutabazi bw’ibanze bisaba guhuza ibipimo bya tekiniki n’ibikorwa remezo by’ikigo bihari ndetse n’intego z’imikorere y’igihe kirekire.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gufata ibyemezo bigomba gushyirwa imbere

Icyemezo cy'ingenzi mu bwubatsi kiri hagati y'ikoranabuhanga rya analog na VoIP / SIP. Nubwo telefoni za analog zitanga uburyo bworoshye n'inyungu zo kurenza insinga zisanzwe z'umuringa, sisitemu za VoIP zitanga ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma amakuru, zoroshye guhuza na sisitemu zigezweho za Private Branch Exchange (PBX), hamwe n'imikorere ya paging nyinshi. Abafata ibyemezo bagomba gushyira imbere guhuza ibikorwa remezo biriho mu cyumba cyo kugenzura no gusuzuma niba umuyoboro w'itumanaho ushobora gushyigikira protocole za PoE na SIP hamwe n'uburyo buhagije bwo kuzikoresha.

Uburyo bwo kuringaniza ikiguzi, icyizere, n'agaciro k'ubuzima

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kuringaniza amafaranga y'ibanze akoreshwa n'ubwizerwe bukenewe n'agaciro k'ubuzima. Ikiguzi cya telefoni zo mu nganda gitandukana cyane bitewe n'imiterere yazo;igikoresho cya analoge kirinda ikirereishobora kugura hafi $800, mu gihe telefoni yemewe ya Zone 1 SIP yakozwe mu cyuma cya 316L ishobora kurenza $3.000. Gushora imari mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru no gusuzuma VoIP bitanga inyungu yihuse ku ishoramari binyuze mu kugabanya cyane amasaha yo gusana ikigo no kugabanya ibyago byo kutabasha gutumanaho mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bikomeye.

Ni izihe nyigisho zo gushyira mu bikorwa zituma ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibikorwa rirushaho kuba ryiza

Kugira ngo ikoreshwa neza rigerweho, hashingiwe ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibikorwa mu buryo buciriritse ndetse no kugerageza gukoresha neza imashini zipima (FAT) mbere yo gushyiraho aho zikorera. Isomo ry’ingenzi rikunze kwirengagizwa ni imicungire y’amajwi; mu duce dukoreramo aho urusaku rw’ikirere rurenga 85 dB (A), telefoni zigomba kuba zifatanye n’ibyuma byihariye by’amajwi kugira ngo amajwi abe meza. Mu gukemura ibibazo by’amajwi, kugenzura ko imiyoboro ya interineti idakora neza, no gutanga amahugurwa yuzuye ku bakoresha, ibigo bireba ko imiyoboro yabyo y’itumanaho ryihutirwa ikora neza iyo bikenewe cyane.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi kuri telefoni zikoreshwa mu butabazi bw'inganda
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki telefoni zikoreshwa mu butabazi bw’ibanze mu nganda ari nziza kurusha telefoni zisanzwe mu turere dufite akaga?

Zubatswe ahantu hashobora guturika, hatose, hafite ivumbi, kandi harangwa n'urusaku rwinshi, zifite amazu akomeye, guhamagara byihuse, kandi zikora neza aho terefone zikoreshwa n'abaguzi zikunze gucika intege.

Ni izihe mpamyabumenyi ngomba kugenzura mbere yo guhitamo telefoni yihutirwa yo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga?

Huza imiterere y'ahantu hagomba gushyirwa ibintu mbere na mbere. Ibisabwa bisanzwe birimo ATEX cyangwa IECEx ku bice bitwikwa, hamwe na CE, FCC, RoHS, na IP66/IP67 mu kurengera ibidukikije.

Ese telefoni zihutirwa za Siniwo zishobora guhuzwa na sisitemu za VoIP cyangwa PA?

Yego. Siniwo itanga telefoni zo mu nganda zishobora gukorana na sisitemu za IP PBX/VoIP na PA, zifasha imbuga guhuza guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa, paging, no kugenzura itumanaho ryo mu cyumba.

Ni ibihe bintu bifasha telefoni zihutirwa gukora mu nganda zikora urusaku?

Shaka utumashini dukoresha ijwi rya 90–110 dB, mikoro zikuraho urusaku, utumashini twakira ijwi cyane, hamwe n'uhamagara ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryihuta kugira ngo wongere ubushishozi n'umuvuduko wo gusubiza.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byo gupfunyika byiza cyane ahantu hakomeye ho gukorera inganda?

Koresha GRP mu nganda zikora imiti n'ibikomoka ku bimera rusange, icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316L mu bijyanye no kwangirika mu mazi cyangwa mu nyanja, hamwe na aluminiyumu ikoze mu mabuye y'agaciro cyangwa mu mazu acukurwamo ibintu bikomeye.