Uburyo Itumanaho Ririnda Ibitero Bitera Umutekano mu Kazi

Intangiriro

Mu nganda zitunganya ibinyabutabire, inganda zikora imiti, ibigo by'ibinyampeke, n'ahandi hantu hateje akaga, ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigomba gukora ibirenze ibyo kugira ngo amakipe ahuze—ntibigomba kuba isoko ry'umuriro. Sisitemu z'itumanaho zirinda guturika zagenewe icyo kibazo, zemerera abakozi gutanga raporo ku byago, guhuza imirimo, no gusubiza ibibazo byihutirwa mu turere dushobora kuba dufite imyuka yangiza, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo izi sisitemu zigabanya ibyago binyuze mu kugenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, kunoza umuvuduko w'ubutabazi, no gushyigikira ibikorwa bitekanye mu turere dushobora guhura n'akaga gakomeye, kugira ngo abasomyi basobanukirwe neza uruhare rwabo mu gukumira impanuka no kurinda abakozi n'umutungo.

Uburyo Itumanaho Ririnda Ibitero Bitera Umutekano mu Kazi

Mu nganda zirangwa n’imyuka ihindagurika, ivumbi rishobora gushya, cyangwa ibintu bishongesha umuriro, ibikoresho bisanzwe by’itumanaho biteza ibyago bikomeye byo gushya.Sisitemu z'itumanaho zidashobora guturikabyakozwe by’umwihariko kugira ngo bikureho iki kibazo, ariko kandi binareba ko abakozi bakomeza guhuzwa mu gihe cy’ibikorwa by’ingenzi.

Mu gushyiraho radiyo zihariye z’inzira ebyiri, intercom, na sisitemu zo gupima, abakora mu bigo bashobora guhuza imirimo igoye n’ubutabazi bw’ibanze badashyizeho ingufu z’ubushyuhe cyangwa amashanyarazi zishobora gutwika ikirere gikikije. Guhuza ibi bikoresho bifitanye isano itaziguye no kugabanuka gushoboka kw’impanuka zikomeye mu kazi.

Impamvu ari ingenzi mu gukumira impanuka

Gukumira impanuka mu bice biteje akaga bishingiye ku kugenzura cyane "impandeshatu y'umuriro" - cyane cyane gukuraho isoko y'umuriro. Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigezweho bifite umutekano (IS) bibigeraho bigabanya cyane ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe biboneka muri uru ruziga. Urugero, ibi bikoresho bikunze kugabanya ingufu z'imikorere kugeza kuri volti 1.2 cyangwa ampere 0.1, bigatuma nubwo haba hari uruziga rugufi, urusaku rwakozwe rubura ingufu zikenewe kugira ngo rutwike uruvange rw'ibisasu.

Itumanaho ryihuse rinarinda ko ibintu bito bito bihinduka ibibazo bikomeye. Iyo abakozi bashobora guhita batanga raporo y’igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’amazi cyangwa imyuka iva mu kirere, ibyumba byo kugenzura bishobora gufunga ibikorwa mbere yuko ubwinshi bw’imyuka bugera ku kigero cyo hasi cy’ibisasu bidashobora guturika (LEL), bityo birinda ibiza bishobora kubaho.

Aho bitanga agaciro gakomeye kurusha ahandi

Itumanaho ridashobora guturika ritanga inyungu nyinshi ku ishoramari mu nzego aho ikirere gihindagurika ari ikintu gihoraho mu mikorere, nkourubuga rwa peteroli na gaze mu mahanga, inganda zitunganya peteroli, n'ibirombe by'amakara biri munsi y'ubutaka. Muri ibi bihe, ingaruka z'imari ziterwa n'impanuka ni mbi cyane, aho ikiguzi cyo kuruhuka kidateganijwe kirenga $100.000 ku isaha, ntabwo kibarwamo amande y'amategeko cyangwa impfu z'abantu.

Byongeye kandi, izi sisitemu zitanga akamaro kanini mu gihe cyo kuvugurura no kubungabunga. Kwinjira mu mwanya ufunze bisaba itumanaho rihoraho kandi ryizewe hagati y’uwinjiye n’umukozi. Ama-ecouteur n’amaradiyo bidaturika bituma iyi sano y’ingenzi idacika, nubwo ahantu hafunze hashyirwa mu gace ka Zone 0 cyangwa Class I, Division 1.

Icyo Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bikingira ibisasu ari cyo

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidaturika birimo ubwoko bunini bw'ibikoresho byagenewe gukora mu mutekano mu kirere giturika. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubucuruzi bikomeye, birwanya gusa kwinjira mu mazi n'umukungugu, ibikoresho bidaturika kandi bifite umutekano mu mubiri bikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye ry'ubuhanga n'iry'abandi kugira ngo birebe ko bidashobora gutwika ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe biteje akaga mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa mu bihe by'ikosa.

Isuzuma ry'ahantu hateye akaga n'ibyemezo

Gukoresha uburyo bugoye bwo gutumanaho mu turere twangiza ibidukikije bisaba gusobanukirwa neza amahame ngenderwaho y’impamyabushobozi ku isi. Inzego ebyiri z’ingenzi zikoreshwa ku isi yose niSisitemu ya ATEX/IECEx(bikunze kugaragara mu Burayi no mu mahanga) na sisitemu ya NEC/CEC (yiganje muri Amerika ya Ruguru). Aya mahame ashyira mu byiciro ibidukikije hashingiwe ku nshuro n'igihe impanuka ziturika zimara.

Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye biterwa rwose n'ibi bipimo. Igikoresho cyemewe gusa kuri Zone ya 2 ntigishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko cyangwa mu mutekano mu gace ka Zone ya 1. Byongeye kandi, ibyemezo bigena amatsinda yihariye ya gaze (urugero, Itsinda rya IIC rya Hydrogen) n'ibyiciro by'ubushyuhe (urugero, T4, kugabanya ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo hejuru kugeza kuri 135°C) igikoresho gishobora kwihanganira mu mutekano.

Ibiranga Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho

Abakora ibikoresho bakoresha uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze bwo kurinda ibikoresho by'itumanaho: Umutekano w'imbere (Ex i) n'udukingirizo tudapfa gutwikwa n'umuriro (Ex d). Ibikoresho by'imbere bifite umutekano, nka radiyo zo mu nzira ebyiri na telefoni zigendanwa, byakozwe kugira ngo bigabanye ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho bya Ex d, nk'ibikoresho bikomeye.intercom zishyirwa ku rukuta, yemerera guturika imbere ariko byubatswe n'udukingo dukomeye turimo guturika. Utwo dukingo turageragezwa kugira ngo twihanganire igitutu cy'imbere kigera kuri psi 150 tudakwirakwiza umuriro mu kirere cyo hanze.

Uretse kurinda umuriro, ibi bikoresho birimo ubushobozi bwo kuramba mu nganda. Ingano ya IP66 cyangwa IP67 yo kurinda kwinjira ni isanzwe, ituma ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga birindwa n'amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi n'uduce duto tw'amazi. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho buva kuri radiyo zigendanwa za UHF/VHF na telefoni zigendanwa za LTE zitekanye kugeza kuri fixed fixedItangazo rusange n'itangazo rusangesisitemu za (PAGA), buri imwe ikora akazi kayo mu nkengero z’aho ibintu bishobora guteza akaga.

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma uburyo bwo gutumanaho bugaragaza ko hari ibisasu bituritse

Gusuzuma sisitemu z'itumanaho zirinda guturika bisaba kuringaniza iyubahirizwa ry’umutekano n’imikorere y’imikorere. Igikoresho cyemewe cyuzuye ntacyo kimaze iyo kinaniwe gutanga amajwi asobanutse neza cyangwa kikifatanya n’ibikorwa remezo bihari mu gihe cy’ibibazo bikomeye.

Ireme ry'amajwi, Kwizerwa, no gukomera

Ahantu hakorerwa inganda hazwiho gusakuza cyane, aho urusaku rwinshi mu byumba bya compressor cyangwa hasi hacukurwa amajwi akenshi rugera kuri decibel 85 kugeza 110 (dB). Muri ubwo buryo, mikoro n'indangururamajwi bisanzwe ntibihagije na gato. Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidaturika bigomba kuba bifite uburyo bwo gukangura urusaku (ANC) hamwe na transducers zikora neza. Urugero, sitasiyo za intercom zihoraho akenshi zisaba ko amajwi arenga 90 dB, mu gihe radiyo zigendanwa zikoresha ecouteur zikomeye, zirinda amagufwa cyangwa zigabanya urusaku kugira ngo amajwi arusheho kuba meza.

Kwizerwa no gukomera bijyana n'imikorere y'amajwi. Ubudahangarwa bw'amata ni igipimo cy'ingenzi; ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ingaruka zigaruka kuri sima kuva kuri metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 2 nta kwangiza ibirango byabyo bya Ex certification cyangwa internal circuitry.

Guhuza na Alarms, SCADA, na Dispatch

Igezwehoitumanaho ry'ingandaNtikunze gushyirwa mu kato. Sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza amakuru n'amaradiyo bidaturika bigomba guhuzwa neza na sisitemu zo mu bwoko bwa PAGA, imiyoboro yo kugenzura no kubona amakuru (SCADA), hamwe na konsole zo kohereza amakuru. Ubu buryo busanzwe bugerwaho binyuze mu nzira zisanzwe za SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) na RoIP (Radio over IP).

Guhuza ibintu bituma imikorere y’umutekano yikora mu buryo bwikora itera ibibazo by’itumanaho. Urugero, iyo sisitemu ya SCADA ibonye ukwiyongera gutunguranye kwa hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ishobora guhita itanga ubutumwa bwo kuva aho iri binyuze mu buryo bworoshye butuma habaho gutinda kwa milisegonda zitagera kuri 500, bigatuma abakozi bahita bakira.

Guhuza ibikorwa hifashishijwe radiyo, telefoni na telefoni

Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba guhitamo uruvange rwiza rw'ibikoresho by'itumanaho hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kugenda, aho bikorerwa, n'ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo. Buri bwoko bw'ibikoresho bugaragaza inyungu zitandukanye mu mikorere.

Nubwo radiyo z’inzira ebyiri zitanga uburyo bwo kugenda budasanzwe ku bakoresha inzira, akenshi ziba zifite uburyo bwo kugenda bungana na kabiri, bishobora kubangamira gukemura ibibazo byihuse kandi bifitanye isano. Intercom zihamye na telefoni za VoIP bitanga ibiganiro byuzuye, bitanga uburenganzira bwo kuvuga no kumva icyarimwe, ariko bisaba ishoramari rinini mu bikorwa remezo bya insinga n’imiyoboro y’itumanaho bidaturika.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo, Gukoresha no Kubungabunga Igisubizo Gikwiye

Ubuzima bwa sisitemu y'itumanaho idaturika burenze kure iyo yaguzwe bwa mbere. Guhitamo neza, gushyira ibikoresho mu buryo bunoze, no kubahiriza amategeko agenga imikorere y'ikigo ni ngombwa.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gutanga amasoko n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima

Gushaka ibikoresho bidashobora guturika bisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’ikiguzi cyose cy’ubukode (TCO). Nubwo radiyo zisanzwe zo mu nganda zishobora kugura $300 kugeza $600, ibikoresho bingana nabyo mu buryo butekanye bisaba amafaranga y’ubwishingizi, akenshi kuva kuri $1.500 kugeza $3.000 kuri buri gikoresho bitewe n’ibiciro byihariye by’ubuhanga n’ibyemezo. Ariko, CapEx ni igice gito cyane cy’ikigereranyo cy’imari.

Amafaranga y’igihe cyose agomba kubarwa n’ibikoresho byihariye, bateri zisimbuzwa zihariye, n’amafaranga yo kongera gukoresha. Sisitemu y’itumanaho ibungabunzwe neza isanzwe itanga igihe cy’imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7. Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu gutanga amasoko bigomba gupima cyane garanti y’abagurisha, kuboneka kw’ibice byemewe, n’umurongo ngenderwaho w’uruganda kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bitazasaza vuba.

Intambwe zo Gushyira mu Bice Biteje Akaga

Gushyira itumanaho ridafite insinga mu turere twangiza ikirere bitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe za RF (Radio Frequency). Inganda zikora peteroli n'ibikoresho byo mu mazi byuzuye ibyuma, bigatuma inzira nyinshi z'amajwi zigabanuka kandi zikagabanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwa RF burambuye ni intambwe ya mbere isabwa kugira ngo hamenyekane aho antene ishyirwa no kumenya uturere twapfuye.

Mu gushyiramo ibikoresho bidahinduka bya Ex d (bidapfa umuriro), ba rwiyemezamirimo bagomba gukurikiza cyane amategeko agenga insinga z’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, nko gukoresha ibikoresho bifunga byasutswe cyangwa insinga zihariye kugira ngo hirindwe ko gaze inyura mu muyoboro w’amazi. Guhinduka kose mu gihe cyo gushyiraho—nko gufunga cyane insinga cyangwa kunanirwa gushyiramo imigozi ifunga amashanyarazi ku bipimo nyabyo by’uwakoze—bihita bikuraho icyemezo cyo kudaturika kandi bigatera ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano.

Amahugurwa, Igenzura, no Gucunga Bateri

Amakosa y’abantu ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera kunanirwa kw’ibikoresho. Abakozi bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa yihariye ku nzitizi zikomeye ku mikorere y’ibikoresho bidafite umutekano. Urugero, itegeko ry’ibanze ku bikoresho bidafite umutekano ni uko bateri zidashobora gusimbuzwa, gukurwaho, cyangwa gusharijwa mu gihe biri mu gace ka Zone ya 1 cyangwa Zone ya 2 gashobora guterwa n’impanuka, kuko gukururana cyangwa gucika k’amashanyarazi bishobora gutera umuriro.

Gutunganya buri gihe bigengwa n'amahame mpuzamahanga akomeye, nka IEC 60079-17. Ibigo bigomba guteganya igenzura rikorwa buri mezi 6 kugeza kuri 12 kugira ngo harebwe niba hari uduce twacitsemo ibice, uduce twangiritse, cyangwa impinduka zitari zemewe. Igikoresho cyose kidaturika cyananiwe kugenzura kigomba guhita gikurwaho kandi kigasanwa gusa n'ikigo cyemewe kandi cyemewe.

Uburyo bwo Kubaka Gahunda Ihamye yo Gufata Ibyemezo by'Ishoramari

Guhindura imikorere kuva kuri sisitemu zishaje ujya kuri interineti igezweho idapfa gukwirakwira bisaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gufata ibyemezo by'ishoramari. Abafatanyabikorwa bagomba guhuza amabwiriza y'umutekano, kubahiriza amategeko, n'ingengo y'imari kugira ngo bagaragaze ikoreshwa ry'imari no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingaruka z'imikorere.

Guhuza umutekano, kubahiriza amategeko, n'ikiguzi

Kubaka ikibazo cy'ubucuruzi bitangirana n'isuzuma ry'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'umubare w'ibikoresho. Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba gusuzuma mbere ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho byahoze byemewe n'amategeko ugereranyije n'ingaruka z'imari n'amategeko zo kutubahiriza amategeko. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibihano bya OSHA ku byaha by'umutekano nkana bishobora kurenza $156.000 kuri buri nshuro, mu gihe ikiguzi kinini cy'impanuka yo gutwika—harimo no gusenya inyubako, imanza, no kwangiza izina—bishobora kugera kuri miliyoni amagana z'amadolari.

Kugira ngo ibi bintu bibe bingana, amashyirahamwe agomba gushyiraho ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa uturere duto. Mu gushushanya neza uturere dufite ibyago, abahanga mu by’umutekano bashobora gushyiraho ibikoresho bihenze bya Zone 0/Class I Div 1 gusa aho bikenewe, bakoresheje Zone 2/Div 2 ihendutse cyangwa ibikoresho bisanzwe bikomeye mu bice byegeranye kandi bitarimo ibyago.

Ibyihutirwa mu guhitamo kwa nyuma

Mu gihe cyo guhitamo bwa nyuma, iby'ingenzi bigomba guhinduka biganisha ku gushakisha uburyo bwo kurengera ejo hazaza no gushyigikira ibidukikije by'abacuruzi. Imiterere y'itumanaho ry'inganda iri kuva kuri analog na radiyo isanzwe ya digitale (DMR / TETRA) ikagera kuri serivisi za LTE na 5G zitekanye mu buryo bwa internet. Guhitamo ibikoresho bishyigikira izi porogaramu zigezweho bituma ikigo gishobora gushyiramo ibintu bigezweho nko kureba amashusho mu buryo bwihuse no gukurikirana abakozi ba biometric.

Amaherezo, igisubizo cyatoranijwe kigomba gutanga icyizere kidasubirwaho. Abafata ibyemezo bagomba gushyira imbere abacuruzi batanga amasezerano akomeye yo ku rwego rwa serivisi (SLAs), imikorere yemewe yo kuvugurura firmware, n'amateka yemewe mu nganda zihariye. Sisitemu y'itumanaho ikora neza idaturika si agasanduku k'amategeko gusa; ni umutungo w'ingenzi mu mikorere urinda ubuzima bw'abantu kandi ugatuma umusaruro ukomeza mu nganda.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'itumanaho rigaragaza ko hari ibisasu
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gituma itumanaho ridashobora guturika ritekanye kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe?

Birinda ibishashi cyangwa ahantu hashyushye gutwika gazi cyangwa ivumbi mu gihe bikomeza guhuza amatsinda kugira ngo atange amakuru yihuse, afunge, kandi ahungishe ahantu hateje akaga.

Ni izihe mpamyabumenyi ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidaturika?

Banza uhuze ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’aho hantu, hanyuma urebe neza ibisabwa na ATEX, IECEx, cyangwa ibyo mu gace utuyemo, wongereho itsinda rya gaze n’itsinda ry’ubushyuhe. Ibicuruzwa bya Siniwo kandi bishyigikira ibyo CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001 ikeneye.

Ni hehe itumanaho ririnda guturika rigira akamaro cyane?

Ni ingenzi cyane muri peteroli na gaze, inganda zikora peteroli, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ahantu ho mu mazi, n'ahantu hafunganye hashobora kuba hari gaze, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi bishobora gushya.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidaturika Siniwo itanga?

Siniwo itanga telefoni zirinda guturika, intercom, udusanduku tw’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, sisitemu zo guhamagara, ibisubizo bya PA, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bya IP PBX/VoIP ku bidukikije bibi kandi biteje akaga.

Nigute nahitamo hagati y'ibikoresho bitagira ingaruka mbi ku mubiri n'ibidaturika?

Koresha ibikoresho byizewe mu buryo bwikora ku itumanaho rigendanwa, rikoresha ingufu nke, n'ibikoresho bikingira guturika ku bikoresho bihoraho nk'ibyuma bifasha mu nkuta mu bice by'inganda bishobora guteza akaga kenshi. Buri gihe huza n'ibipimo by'ubuso.