Ni gute sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa yo mu nganda ikomeza kuba yizewe mu gihe habayeho guhagarara?

• Kwizerwa kw'ibura ry'amashanyarazi biterwa n'ingufu zo kubika amakuru, insinga zirinzwe, n'inzira y'itumanaho ikomeza kubaho iyo habayeho gucika intege.
• Igishushanyo mbonera cya telefoni kidakoresha urusaku ni ingenzi kuko ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihutirwa akenshi riba ahantu hafite decibel nyinshi aho kuba ubushishozi ari byo KPI nyayo.
• Uburyo bwo kwirinda ikirere, kurwanya kwangiza ibintu, no kwirinda guturika bukemura ibibazo bitandukanye by’inganda, bityo agace gakwiye kuba gahuye n’imiterere y’ibyago.
• Gupima igikoresho kidakora, ingaruka zacyo, no gukomeza guhamagara ni ingirakamaro kuruta gupima igikoresho ukurikije uko gisa cyangwa igiciro cyacyo gusa.
• Ku bagura imishinga, guhuza na sisitemu zo gutanga amakuru, ibyumba byo kugenzura, n'imikorere yo kubungabunga ni ingenzi kimwe na telefoni ubwayo.

Sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa mu nganda igira akamaro gusa iyo ikomeje kumvikana kandi ikaba ishobora kugerwaho iyo aho hantu hari ikibazo, niyo mpamvu gutegura ihagarikwa ry'amajwi bigomba kuzirikana uburyo amajwi asobanutse neza, ingufu zo gusimbuza, no kuramba kw'aho hantu. Mu nganda nyazo, kunanirwa k'itumanaho akenshi bitangira mbere yuko umuriro ubura, cyane cyane mu nganda zikora urusaku aho ubushobozi bwo kumva amajwi bushobora kugabanuka kuri dogere 85 (A) keretse inzira y'amajwi n'aho hantu byagenewe;Ubuyobozi bw'urusaku bwa OSHAnaInkomoko y'urusaku rwa NIOSHbyombi bishimangira ingaruka zo kumva no gutumanaho mu kazi gakorerwamo urusaku rwinshi. Ku baguzi bagereranya amahitamo nkasisitemu ya telefoni zihutirwa zo mu nganda,telefoni irinda urusaku, cyangwatelefoni irinda ikirereIkibazo cy'ingenzi si ukumenya niba iyi porogaramu ifite amashanyarazi, ahubwo ni ukumenya niba ishobora guhamagara mu gihe urubuga rwananiwe gukora neza.

Impamvu uburyo bwo gukoresha telefoni zihutirwa mu nganda butandukanye n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha telefoni

Sisitemu ya telefoni zihutirwa zo mu nganda yagenewe ibibazo byo kwangirika, ntabwo ari iyo koroshya ibiro. Telefoni zisanzwe zikoresha ingufu zihamye, urusaku ruto, n'ihohoterwa rito ry'umubiri, mu gihe itumanaho ryihutirwa ryo mu nganda rigomba gukora mu gihe habuze, mu gihe abantu birukanwa, mu gihe habaye ifungwa, no mu gihe habayeho ibibazo byo mu biro.

Iyo mpinduka ihindura ibyo ubwubatsi bwibanzeho. Sisitemu igomba kwihanganira amashanyarazi ahagarara, kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ijwi ahantu havugiwe urusaku, kurwanya amazi cyangwa ivumbi ryinjira, no kwihanganira ikoreshwa nabi rikabije cyangwa gufatwa nabi. Igomba kandi guhuzwa neza n'uburyo bwo kugenzura kugira ngo igisubizo cya mbere kibe cyihuse, atari gikozwe mu buryo butunguranye.

Ku mishinga ikeneye amazu atandukanye yo kubaka kubera ibyago bitandukanye,telefoni idaturikaifite akamaro mu kirere gishya, mu gihetelefoni irinda kwangizani byiza kurushaho aho kwangirika cyangwa guhungabanya ubuzima ari byo bibazo bikomeye. Mu bibanza byo hanze cyangwa mu mazi,telefoni irinda ikirerebiba ishingiro rifatika kuko ubwizigirwa butangirira ku kurengera ibidukikije.

Uburyo amashanyarazi yo gusimbuza atuma itumanaho ryihutirwa rikomeza kubaho mu gihe habayeho ikibazo

Ingufu zo gufunga ni urwego rwa mbere rw’uburyo itumanaho ritagenda neza, kuko terefone idashobora kuvugana niba urubuga rwayo rwaramaze gutsindwa. Mu bikorwa byinshi byo mu nganda, terefone cyangwa igice cy’umuyoboro w’itumanaho gishingiye ku gikoresho kirinzwe gifite voltage nkeya, icyuma gikoresha bateri, cyangwa akabati k’itumanaho gashyigikiwe na UPS.

Ibyo ntibivuze ko telefoni zose zihutirwa zikenera idirishya rimwe ryo kwigenga. Igihe gikwiye cyo gukora giterwa n'imiterere y'ibyago biri aho hantu, niba igikoresho cyagenewe guhamagara abantu vuba cyangwa gucunga impanuka igihe kirekire, ndetse niba n'ibindi bice by'itumanaho nabyo bikoresha. Mu by'ukuri, telefoni, irembo, n'icyumba cyo kugenzura bigomba kuguma kuri gahunda imwe yo gukomeza.

Ku bijyanye no kwihanganira amashanyarazi, intego y’igishushanyo akenshi iba idafite aho ihuriye no kurokoka ikibazo cy’igihe kirekire, ahubwo iba igamije kurokoka ikiraro kiri hagati y’ikibazo gikomeye no kugarura igisubizo. Niba sisitemu ishyigikira imiterere ya PoE, switch y’umuyoboro wa interineti igomba no kuba ikoresha ingufu zo gusimbuza, bitabaye ibyo terefone ishobora gupfa iyo switch itakaje umuriro. Niyo mpamvu topology y’umuyoboro ari igice cy’icyitegererezo cy’ubwirinzi, atari model ya terefone gusa.

Iyo abaguzi bagereranya ibicuruzwa, bagomba gusaba inzira nyayo yo kubikurikirana, atari interuro "ishobora gushyuha cyane." Sisitemu ishingiye ku gikoresho kimwe kidakingiwe irangirika, mu gihe igishushanyo mbonera gifite UPS, insinga zikingiwe, n'ibyago by'ibura ry'amashanyarazi bigenzurwa cyane mu igenzura cyangwa isuzuma ry'amasoko.

Impamvu imiterere ya telefoni irwanya urusaku ari ingenzi kuruta guhamagara cyane

Telefoni idakoresha urusaku si telefoni ikoresha ijwi ryumvikana gusa, ahubwo ni igikoresho cyumvikana neza. Mu ruganda aho imashini, ipompo, compressor, convoyers, cyangwa imodoka zikora urusaku ruhoraho, ikibazo nyacyo si ukumenya niba igikoresho gishobora gutanga amajwi, ahubwo ni ukumenya niba umuntu ashobora kumva neza ubutumwa ku nshuro ya mbere.

OSHA igaragaza ko 85 dB (A) ari urwego rw'ibikorwa byo kwibasirwa n'urusaku mu kazi, ibi bikaba ari ukwibutsa neza ko itumanaho mu nganda rikunze kuba ahantu hateje akaga, atari ahantu hatuje. Muri ubwo buryo, mikoro zifite uburyo bwo gufata neza icyerekezo, kugenzura ijwi ry'ijwi, n'ahantu hakozwe neza bishobora gutuma habaho iterambere ryihuse mu gihe cyo gushyikirana.

Amakipe y’urubuga akunze kwirengagiza uburyo agakingirizo gafite ingaruka ku majwi. Telefoni ishyizwe mu gasanduku gafunze neza cyangwa gafite umwuka mubi ishobora kumvikana nabi, mu gihe ifite inzira nziza zo gusohora amajwi, irinda ikirere, kandi irinda gutigita ishobora gutuma ibintu birushaho kuba byiza. Mu kazi kihutirwa, buri segonda ribitswe n’amagambo make asubirwamo ni ingenzi.

Aha niho umuguzi agomba kwibanda ku mikorere aho kwibanda ku rurimi rw'akatalogi. Niba aho hantu ari inzu ikora compressor, uruganda rw'ibyuma, umuyoboro w'amazi, cyangwa imbuga y'ibikoresho, ahantu hihariye ho gukoreratelefoni irinda urusakuakenshi bizarusha sitasiyo y’ubutabazi rusange, kuko igishushanyo mbonera gihuye n’ikibazo.

• Koresha ahantu hagaragara cyane kugira ngo abakora bashobore kubona aho ibintu biherereye vuba.
• Garagaza mikoro n'indangururamajwi biguma bisobanutse neza mu rugero rw'ukuri rwa dB (A) rw'urubuga.
• Reba niba agace gakingira gagabanya ijwi cyangwa gufunga.
• Emeza ko guhamagara byumvikana neza mu gihe cyo gutembera aho ukorera, atari mu cyumba gituje gusa.

Ni iyihe nzu y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze ijyanye n'inganda ijyanye n'ingaruka zitezwe?

Agakingirizo keza ni ako gahuye n’imiterere y’ibyago, kuko si ko ingaruka zose zishobora guterwa n’inganda ziba zimwe. Ingaruka z’ibisasu, ikwirakwizwa n’ikirere, kwangiza ibintu, ndetse n’umwanda, buri kimwe gisaba ingamba zitandukanye zo kwirinda.

Ingero zirinda guturika ni iz'ahantu hari imyuka itwika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi aho igikoresho cy'itumanaho ubwacyo kitagomba kuba isoko y'umuriro. Ingero zirinda ikirere zibanda ku mvura, imirasire ya UV, umunyu, n'ubushyuhe. Ingero zirinda kwangirika zishyira imbere imbaraga z'inyubako, kurwanya kwangirika, no kumara igihe kirekire mu bice bya leta cyangwa bigenzurwa.

Iryo tandukaniro ni ingenzi mu kugura. Umuyobozi w’urubuga ubaza gusa niba telefoni "ikora hanze" ashobora kubura uburyo nyabwo bwo gucika intege, nko gushonga imbere mu gipangu, kwangirika aho insinga zinjira, cyangwa kwangirika kw'amabaruwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Guhitamo ukurikije ibidukikije ni bwo buryo bwihuse bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kubaho.

Ku mishinga ijyanye no kwinjira mu baturage cyangwa gufunga abantu, amahitamo akwiye akenshi nitelefoni irinda kwangizaKu bice biteje akaga, inzira ikwiye nitelefoni idaturikaKu mbuga zigaragara, ibyambu, n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi,telefoni irinda ikirereubusanzwe ni cyo gisabwa cy'ibanze.

Uburyo amahame afasha mu gutuma itumanaho rikorwa mu gihe cy'impanuka rirushaho kuba ingirakamaro kandi rikagira icyizere

Amabwiriza ntatuma sisitemu iba nziza, ariko atuma ukwizerwa gupimwa. Ku baguzi b'inganda, agaciro k'amabwiriza ni uko ahindura ibirego bidasobanutse neza mo ibisabwa bishobora gupimwa n'ururimi rw'amasoko.

Urugero,ISO 14644-1isobanura isuku y'umwuka wo mu cyumba gisukuye hakurikijwe ubunini bw'uduce, ibyo bikaba ingenzi iyo ibikoresho by'itumanaho bishyizwe ahantu hagenzurwa aho kugenzura ubwandu ari kimwe mu bigize ishusho y'ibyago. Mu hantu hateje akaga, ingamba z'umutekano zishingiye kuri IEC hamwe n'ibisabwa ku cyemezo cy'aho hantu byihariye bifasha kumenya niba igikoresho gikwiriye gushyirwa mu byiciro by'agace gasukuye.

Ku ruhande rw'ibikorwa bihoraho, igenamigambi ry'itumanaho ryihutirwa rihurirana no gutekereza ku itegeko no kugenzura.ISO 22320itanga ubuyobozi ku buryo bwo guhangana n’impanuka, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kuko kuba terefone ikora neza atari ikibazo cy’ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni n’ikibazo cyo guhuza abakora, amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga, n’abashinzwe ubutabazi.

Ku baguzi, icyo umuntu yakwigiraho ni uko byoroshye: saba abacuruzi guhuza telefoni n'amahame y'urubuga, atari uko basobanura gusa uko ikoreshwa. Niba icyitegererezo cyatoranijwe kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bugenzurwa, baza amahame ngenderwaho cyangwa umutekano byakoreshejwe mu guhitamo, amabwiriza agenga ishyirwaho, n'uburyo ikoreshwa nta kunyuranya n'amategeko.

Ibyo injeniyeri zigomba kugerageza mbere yo kwemeza itumanaho ryihutirwa mu nganda

Gupima mu murima ni bwo buryo bwihuse bwo kumenya niba telefoni yihutirwa yizewe koko cyangwa ikurikiza amabwiriza gusa ku mpapuro. Ikizamini cyiza cyo kwakira gikwiye kugaragaza uburyo urubuga rwananiwe, ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza cya laboratwari.

Ikizamini cya mbere ni ugushyiraho uburyo bwo guhamagara mu gihe habayeho ikibazo cyo guhagarara. Iyo umuriro uhagaze, ese igikoresho gishobora gushyira cyangwa kwakira inzira yo guhamagara ikenewe aho giherereye? Icya kabiri ni uburyo bwo kumva neza iyo hari urusaku rwinshi, kuko igikoresho kinini ariko kitazwi neza cyananiwe inshingano zacyo. Icya gatatu ni uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibidukikije, harimo no gushonga, gutera imiti, no guhindagura iyo gishyizwe hanze cyangwa hafi y’imashini.

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga nabwo ni kimwe mu bigize uburyo bwo kwizerwa. Terefone ikenera ibikoresho byihariye, ibikoresho bidasanzwe, cyangwa ifunga igihe kirekire kugira ngo idakora ishobora kuba ikomeye mu buryo bwa tekiniki ariko ikaba idafite imbaraga mu mikorere. Abaguzi b'inganda bagomba kugenzura uburyo telefoni, keypad, n'insinga ziteranywa zisimburwa ndetse niba umucuruzi ashyigikira ko ibikoresho bihoraho biboneka.

1. Garagaza ibura ry'amashanyarazi nyamukuru hanyuma wemeze ko guhamagara byarangiye.
2. Pima uburyo urusaku nyarwo rw'urubuga rushobora kumvikana.
3. Genzura aho gasket iherereye, insinga z'amashanyarazi, n'uburyo icyuma gishyirwamo gihagaze neza.
4. Emeza ko bihujwe n'icyumba cyo kugenzura cyangwa akazi ko gutanga inzogera.
5. Reba igihe serivisi itangirwa, ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, n'uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bushya.

Aho imishinga ya telefoni zihutirwa mu nganda inanirwa mu buzima busanzwe

Ikosa rikunze kugaragara si inenge y'igikoresho; ni ukudahuza ubwoko bw'igicuruzwa n'imiterere y'aho giherereye. Terefone isanzwe ishyirwa mu ruganda rusaku cyangwa hanze ishobora kugaragara nk'ikora neza mu gihe cyo gutangira ariko ntibe yizewe nyuma y'inkubi y'umuyaga ya mbere, ingese, cyangwa inzogera.

Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ugutekereza ko umuyoboro w’itumanaho uhora uhagaze neza. Iyo telefoni ifite ingufu zo gusimbuza ariko switch, gateway, cyangwa PBX ntibigire, uruhererekane rw’itumanaho ruracika. Niyo mpamvu gutegura inzira yo guhagarara bisaba kureba sisitemu, atari kureba ibice.

Kwirengagiza kubungabunga ni intege nke ya gatatu ikomeye. Gufunga biramba, bateri zirangirika, kandi ibikoresho byo kuyishyiraho biragabanuka. Mu itumanaho ry’inganda, kwizerana bikomeza kubungabungwa binyuze mu igenzura rya buri gihe, ntibitekerezwaho iteka ryose. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane ku hantu hakoreshwa cyane n’aho guhamagara mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bwihuse.

Amatsinda y’imishinga yirinda ibi bibazo akunze kwandika ibidukikije mbere na mbere, hanyuma agahitamo ubwoko bw’aho atuye, hanyuma akagenzura inzira yo gusimbuza, hanyuma akagerageza amajwi, hanyuma akagena igihe serivisi zishyirwamo. Iyo gahunda ni nziza kuruta kugereranya impapuro z’ingenzi gusa.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo sisitemu ikwiye yo guhamagara urubuga rwawe mu buryo bwihutirwa

Amahitamo meza atangirira ku buryo urubuga rwangiritsemo, ntabwo ari icyiciro cya kataloge. Niba ibyago nyamukuru ari ugutwika, hitamo igishushanyo cyemewe cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Niba ibyago bikomeye ari ikirere, hitamo uburinzi bwo hanze bufunze. Niba ibyago bikomeye ari ukubikoresha nabi, hitamo imbaraga. Niba ibyago nyamukuru ari urusaku, hitamo itumanaho rigezweho mu buryo bw’amajwi.

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kandi kugereranya uburyo bwo gushyiraho, uburyo bwo kuyitaho, na politiki yo gukoresha ibice by'ibikoresho. Ku bakoresha terefone nyinshi, guhuza imikorere mu miryango itandukanye ya terefone bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo guhugura no gusimbuza ibintu, ariko gusa iyo imiterere y'ibikoresho ijyanye n'ibidukikije. Niyo mpamvu abaguzi benshi bakora urutonde rw'abagomba gushyirwaho murisisitemu ya telefoni zihutirwa zo mu nganda,telefoni irinda urusaku, n'ikigo cyihariyetelefoni irinda kwangizaaho guhatira ibicuruzwa bimwe gusohora ibintu byose.

Hanyuma, menya neza ubwiza bw'inyandiko z'umucuruzi. Umucuruzi wiringirwa agomba kugaragaza neza niba ibidukikije bikwiranye, uburyo bwo gushyiraho, aho icyemezo gishyirwa, uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi, n'imbogamizi. Iyo ibyo bisobanuro bisobanutse neza, igenamigambi ry'itumanaho ryihutirwa rirushaho koroha mu igenzura, isuzuma ry'imishinga, n'imyitozo yo guhangana n'impanuka.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku bijyanye no Kwizerwa kwa Sisitemu ya Telefoni Ishinzwe Ubutabazi bw'Ingufu

1. Ni iki gituma sisitemu ya telefoni yihutirwa mu nganda yizewe mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi?

Ingufu zo gusimbura, ibikoresho birinzwe by’umuyoboro, n’inzira y’itumanaho idakora neza bituma sisitemu iba yizewe mu gihe habayeho ibura ry’amashanyarazi. Telefoni yonyine ntihagije iyo switch, gateway, cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu cyumba cyo kugenzura bibuze umuriro.

2. Kuki telefoni idakoresha urusaku ari ingenzi mu nganda?

Kubera ko guhamagara byihutirwa mu nganda akenshi bikorwa mu buryo bwihuse cyane aho kuba ikibazo cyumvikana neza mu magambo. Terefone idakoresha urusaku yongera amahirwe yo kumva ubutumwa ku nshuro ya mbere.

3. Ese telefoni irinda ikirere irahagije ku nganda zo hanze?

Gusa iyo ingaruka zikomeye ari imvura, imirasire y'izuba, umunyu uterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Niba ahantu hakorewe hari n'ibyangiritse, ingese cyangwa imyuka ihumanya, hashobora kuba ngombwa ubundi bwoko bw'imyanda.

4. Ni gute wasuzuma niba itumanaho ryihutirwa ari iry'ukuri?

Kora isuzuma ry’ibura ry’ibikoresho, pima ubushobozi bwo gusesengura ibintu mu gihe cy’urusaku nyakuri, genzura uburyo ibidukikije bifunga, wemeze ko umuyoboro ukomeza gukora, kandi urebe ko hari uburyo bwo kubibungabunga ndetse n’uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kubitunganya bitangwa.

5. Ese ibipimo ngenderwaho bifite akamaro mu guhitamo ibikoresho by'itumanaho byihutirwa?

Yego. Amahame ngenderwaho afasha mu kugena imikorere yemewe, imiterere y’aho ishyirwa, n’ibiteganyijwe mu guhangana n’impanuka. Atuma ibyemezo byo gutanga amasoko birushaho gupimwa kandi bitajyanye n’ibitekerezo by’umuntu.

6. Ni irihe kosa rikunze kugaragara cyane mu guhitamo telefoni zihutirwa?

Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni uguhitamo ukurikije icyiciro rusange aho guhitamo uburyo nyabwo bwo gucika intege. Igikoresho kiri mu nzu gishobora gucika intege vuba hanze, mu rusaku, cyangwa ahantu hateje akaga.

7. Ese icyumba cyo kugenzura gikwiye gushyirwa muri gahunda yo kwizerwa kwa telefoni zihutirwa?

Yego rwose. Umusozo wizewe ntacyo umaze niba inzira y'icyumba cyo kugenzura idakoresha, idakurikiranwa, kandi idakoresha abakozi hakurikijwe gahunda y'uburyo aho hantu hakorerwa ibikorwa.