Ni gute sisitemu z'indangururamajwi zirinda guturika zitanga ubutumwa bwo kumenyesha kure?

• Imikorere y'intera ndende iterwa n'umuvuduko w'ijwi, icyerekezo, uburebure bw'aho bashyira, n'urusaku rw'aho bashyira, ntabwo ari imbaraga z'indangururamajwi gusa.
• Uburyo bwo kubuza abantu guhagarara ahantu hashobora guteza akaga bugomba guhuzwa n’imiterere y’ahantu hashobora guterwa n’ibintu, uburyo bwo kurinda ingress, n’ibisabwa mu kwemeza aho hantu.
• Imishinga yo gusakaza aderesi mu nganda igomba gutegurwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gusesengura, gushushanya aho gukwirakwiza amakuru, no kuyakoresha mu kubungabunga aho kuba igiciro gito cyane.
• Ubusanzwe, amakuru yizewe yerekeye intera ndende akenera uburyo bwo gukoresha sisitemu: indangururamajwi, amplifier, controller, cable, na backup y'amashanyarazi.

Imiterere ya sisitemu y'indangururamajwi idaturika igamije gutanga umuburo wumvikana neza mu gihe bikenewe, cyane cyane aho urusaku rwo mu kirere, ahantu hafunguye, n'ikirere giteje akaga bituma paging isanzwe idakora neza. Urugero, OSHA ivuga ko inzogera zihutirwa zigomba kuba zidasanzwe kandi zumvikana neza, mu giheNFPA 72bisaba ko habaho kumva no gusobanukirwa mu buryo bwihuse mu bijyanye n'inkongi y'umuriro no mu buryo bwihutirwa bwo gutanga amakuru. Mu kazi k'inganda gashinzwe gutanga amakuru rusange, akenshi bivuze gushushanya urugero rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi hejuru y'urusaku rw'inyuma, hanyuma ukemeza uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha. Niba ugereranya imiryango y'ibicuruzwa nkatelefoni idaturika, telefoni irinda ikirere, natelefoni y'inganda, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugufata umuvugizi nk'igice cy'uburyo bwagutse bwo gutumanaho mu mutekano, atari nk'agasanduku kigenga.

Uburyo sisitemu y'indangururamajwi idaturika ikora ubutumwa bwo kumenyesha abantu kure

Sisitemu y'indangururamajwi idaturika ikora ubutumwa bwo kumenyesha abantu igihe kirekire binyuze mu guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mo ingufu z'amajwi zigenzurwa zikomeza kumvikana nyuma yo gutakaza intera no kugabanuka k'ibidukikije.

Ihame rya mbere ni ukwiyongera kw'amajwi, ntabwo ari ijwi risanzwe. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amajwi kigabanukaho dB 6 buri gihe intera yikubye kabiri mu miterere y'ubutaka bufunguye, bityo indangururamajwi yemewe kuri metero 10 ishobora kuba idahagije kuri metero 40 keretse iyo yatoranijwe kandi ishyizwe mu mwanya wayo neza. Niyo mpamvu igishushanyo cy'intabaza y'ahantu hateje akaga gitangirana n'ikarita igenzura, urusaku rwitezwe mu kirere, n'uburyo intego isobanutse, hanyuma igasubira inyuma ku musaruro usabwa w'indangururamajwi. Mu mbuga zo hanze, mu nganda zitunganya imyanda, ku cyambu cyo gupakira imizigo, no mu mihanda y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, intabaza igomba guhangana na moteri, pompe, umuyaga, n'ubuso bugarura urumuri.

Ihame rya kabiri ni icyerekezo. Igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye ihoni cyangwa icyerekezo gishyira ingufu z'amajwi mu gice cyo kumva, byongera urwego rw'ingirakamaro nta guhatira amplifier gupfusha ubusa ingufu mu byerekezo bitari ngombwa. Ihame rya gatatu ni icyumba cy'ubuyobozi. Iyo ijwi ry'uburinzi cyangwa ubutumwa bw'ijwi byegereye cyane umupaka wa amplifier, guhinduranya birazamuka kandi ubushobozi bwo kumvikana buragabanuka. Mu buryo bw'inganda bwo kuvugana n'abantu, ikimenyetso gisukuye gifite ububiko buhagije akenshi kiba cyiza kuruta indangururamajwi nini cyane ariko idakora neza.

Ihame rya kane ni ubushobozi bwo kubaho. Mu turere dufite akaga, agace gakwiye kwihanganira ivumbi, ubushuhe, kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire, kunyeganyega, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Ku bijyanye n'icyemezo, IEC 60079-0 ikubiyemo ibisabwa rusange ku bikoresho by'ikirere giturika, kandi ibitekerezo byo kurinda akarere byihariye bisobanurwa muri serivise ya IEC 60079. Ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'agace gaherereye, imiterere myinshi y'inganda nayo igaragaza amanota ya IP muriIEC 60529Sisitemu ishobora gutanga ubutumwa buri kure gusa iyo agace gakingiye n'aho gashyirwa bigumye igihe gihagije kugira ngo bikomeze gupimwa no gukoreshwa.

Impamvu gusobanuka kw'inzogera y'ahantu hateje akaga ari ingenzi kurusha ubwinshi bw'amajwi

Gusobanukirwa neza ni ingenzi kuruta ijwi risanzwe kuko abakozi bagomba gusobanukirwa umuburo, atari ukumenya gusa ko hari igikoresho kirimo kumvikana.

Mu gihe cyo gushakisha amakuru yihutirwa, ubutumwa buvuga cyane ariko budasobanutse neza bushobora gutinza uburyo bwo kwimuka, gutera urujijo, no gutera igisubizo kitari cyo. Ibyo byago biri hejuru cyane cyane mu nganda zifite ubutumwa bwinshi: kwimuka, kwihisha ahantu runaka, guhindagurika kw'ibikorwa, kuva kw'ibyuka bihumanya, n'uburinzi bwo kubungabunga. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.165 isaba ko inzogera zihutirwa ziba zidasanzwe kandi zizwi, kandi sisitemu z'amajwi mu nganda nyinshi zikoresha aderesi rusange zigomba kubungabunga imvugo isobanutse neza mu gihe hari urusaku rwinshi rwo mu kirere. Aha niho sisitemu y'indangururamajwi ikora neza idaturika iba ingirakamaro: yagenewe gushyigikira ikimenyetso gikoreshwa, atari icyo gushakisha gusa.

Imyitwarire y'amajwi nayo irahinduka hanze. Umuyaga ushobora gutwara cyangwa guhindura ijwi, urumuri ruturutse ku byuma bishobora gutuma habaho kuyungurura imvange, kandi imashini zishobora guhisha imirongo y'ingenzi mu mvugo. Kubera ko gusobanuka kw'amajwi biterwa n'imvange, sisitemu nyinshi zikunda gusubiza neza ubutumwa bw'amajwi no gutanga ijwi rikomeye kandi rihoraho ku bimenyetso byo gusohoka. Mu gihe cy'itangazo ry'ahantu hateje akaga, intego akenshi ni ukugera ku rugero rufatika hejuru y'urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe hirindwa kurenga cyane cyangwa kurenga.

Ku matsinda y’abahanga, uburyo bwiza bwo kwemeza ni ugupima mu murima. Mu gihe cyo gutanga ubutumwa, abatekinisiye basanzwe bagenzura uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru ahantu henshi, bagapima urusaku rwo mu kirere, kandi bakemeza ko imvugo ikomeza kumvikana mu gihe cy’imikorere isanzwe. Niyo mpamvu imishinga y’inganda ikwiye kugaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kwemerwa kuva mu ntangiriro, aho gufata umuvugizi nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho bigena uburyo sisitemu y'imyandikire idaturika ihitamo?

Amahitamo y’imiterere y’ibipimo kuko agena uburyo uburinzi bw’ibisasu, ubuziranenge bw’aho biri, n’imikorere y’inkuba bigomba kwemezwa.

Nibura, guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga bigomba kuba bishingiye ku gushyira mu byiciro ikirere, igitekerezo cyo kurinda, n'ibidukikije byo gushyiraho. IEC 60079-0 ni yo ngenderwaho y’ibikoresho mu kirere giturika, mu gihe uruhererekane rwagutse rwa IEC 60079 ruvuga ku buryo bwo kurinda bukoreshwa ahantu hashobora gutera akaga. Ku bijyanye no kurinda ivumbi n'amazi mu gace gafungiwe,IEC 60529itanga imiterere ya kode ya IP, nka IP66 cyangwa IP67, ikunze kuba ingenzi mu gushyiraho aderesi rusange zo hanze mu nganda. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kumva inzogera zihutirwa n'imiterere ya sisitemu zijyanye nayo,NFPA 72iracyari ingenzi mu mishinga myinshi. OSHA itanga kandi ibisabwa mu gutanga ibimenyetso byihutirwa muri 29 CFR 1910.165 no gutegura ibikorwa byihutirwa muri 29 CFR 1910.38.

Izi nyandiko ntizisimbura isuzuma ry’amakode yo mu gace, ahubwo zibwira umuguzi icyo agomba gusaba: aho icyemezo gishyirwa, imiterere y’aho ishyirwa, ndetse niba sisitemu yari igenewe gazi, ivumbi, cyangwa ahantu hashobora gutera ibyago byinshi. Ingaruka zifatika ni izoroshye. Indangururamajwi isa neza ntabwo ihagije. Inyandiko zigomba kuba zihuye n’icyiciro cy’ibyago, amanota y’aho ishyirwa, n’uburyo ikoreshwa.

Ni ibihe bisobanuro bya tekiniki by'ingenzi cyane ku itumanaho ry'inganda rikorerwa kure?

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ni byo bigira akamaro cyane iyo bifitanye isano n'aho umuntu atega amatwi.

Ku byerekeye ubutumwa bwo kure, imibare ine ikwiye kwitabwaho cyane: urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amajwi, imbaraga zigenwa, igisubizo cya frequence, n'igipimo cyo gufunga. SPL iri hejuru ishobora kongera urwego rufatika, ariko gusa iyo indangururamajwi ikomeje kumvikana kandi amplifier ikabasha gutanga imbaraga zisukuye. Imbaraga zigenwa, akenshi zigaragazwa muri watts, zigomba gufatwa nk'ubushobozi aho kuba imikorere. Inyito y'inyito y'impinduka ni ingenzi kuko gusobanukirwa kw'imvugo biterwa cyane n'uburyo bwo hagati bw'ijwi busobanutse, atari ugusohora frequence nke gusa. Igipimo cyo gufunga ni ingenzi kuko kwinjira k'ubushuhe, ingese, n'ivumbi bishobora kugabanya imikorere buhoro buhoro nubwo indangururamajwi yaba yatsinzwe mu ntangiriro.

Imiterere y'aho ushyira amajwi ni ingenzi cyane. Indangururamajwi ishyirwa hejuru kandi igororotse igana aho ushaka gufatira amajwi akenshi irusha igikoresho kinini cyane gishyizwe ku nguni mbi. Mu nganda nini, ibikoresho byinshi bito bishobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutwikira kurusha igikoresho kimwe kinini cyane kuko bigabanya ikirere cy'igicucu n'ikirahure. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu nganda aho ibikoresho byo guhamagara, imiyoboro, inkuta, n'ibikoresho byimukana bitera imiterere idahwitse y'amajwi.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo sisitemu y'indangururamajwi idaturika ku rubuga rwawe

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ni uguhuza indangururamajwi n'ingaruka, urusaku, n'imiterere y'urusaku.

Tangira ugena imiterere y'agace uherereyemo, niba agace karimo umwuka, umwuka, umukungugu, cyangwa ibyago bivanze. Hanyuma upime urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bisanzwe, umenye igihe cy'urusaku rwinshi. Inzogera y'agace karimo akaga igomba kuba ingana kugira ngo imenyekane neza ko ari ahantu habi cyane, atari ahantu hatuje cyane. Hanyuma, fata umwanzuro niba ukeneye umuburo w'ijwi gusa, gukoresha paji y'ijwi, cyangwa byombi. Ijwi ni ryiza mu kwigisha, mu gihe ijwi rishobora kwihuta kugira ngo umuntu amenye vuba aho ahungira.

Nyuma y'ibyo, reba inzitizi zo gushyiraho. Hari ahantu hakenera gushyirwa ku nkuta, hari aho hakenera gushyirwaho inkingi, naho hari aho hakenera guhuzwa n'ibikorwa remezo bya PA cyangwa ESD bihari. Niba aho hantu hasanzwe hakoresha umugongo w'inganda, guhuza n'ibikoresho bigenzura, amplifiers, n'imbaraga zo kubika amakuru bishobora kuba ingenzi kurusha icyuma gifunga indangururamajwi ubwacyo. Amaherezo, reba uburyo bwo kubungabunga. Sisitemu igoye kugenzura akenshi iba itizewe uko igihe kigenda gihita kuko utubazo duto tuvumburwa bitinze.

1. Mbere na mbere banza usobanure icyiciro cy'ibyago n'icyemezo bikenewe.
2. Pima urusaku rw'ikirere mu gihe cy'imikorere nyayo.
3. Hitamo ijwi, ijwi, cyangwa byombi ukurikije igihe cyo gusubiza n'uburyo busobanutse.
4. Emeza uburebure bw'aho ushyira, intera yo kujugunya, n'imbogamizi.
5. Reba uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubungabunga, ibikoresho byo gusimbura, n'inzira y'insinga.

Ku baguzi bagereranya ibyiciro bya sisitemu, bishobora gufasha gusuzuma ibicuruzwa by'itumanaho biri hafi nkaikirangurura kidaturika, telefoni yihutirwa, nasisitemu ya intercomIzo mpapuro zishyigikira igiti cyagutse cy’ibyemezo kuko imishinga myinshi ikenera kumenyeshwa no guhanahana amakuru mu buryo bubiri.

Aho ubutumwa bwo kumenyesha abantu kure bunanirana mu mishinga y'inganda yo kuvugana n'abaturage

Intege nke nyinshi zo kugerageza amakuru mu masaha maremare zituruka ku miterere mibi ya sisitemu aho kuba ibikoresho bidakora neza.

Uburyo bwa mbere bwo gutsindwa ni ugupfobya urusaku rwo mu kirere. Igikoresho gikorera ahantu hatuje gishobora gucika mu gikari cy’umusaruro iyo compressor, convoyeurs, na camion zikora. Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutsindwa ni ahantu hadakwiye. Indangururamajwi ifunze ibyuma, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, cyangwa imashini ntishobora gukora neza, uko imbaraga zayo zaba zingana kose. Uburyo bwa gatatu bwo gutsindwa ni ugukoresha amplifier cyane, ibi bigahindura ijwi kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kumenyekana.

Uburyo bwa kane bwo gucika intege ni ukwirengagiza uburyo umuriro ukomeza. Mu gihe cy’ibiza, indangururamajwi igira akamaro nk’uko umugenzuzi n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi babitanga. Sisitemu ikomeye yo kwandikirana mu nganda akenshi iba irimo gufunga bateri, imiyoboro igenzurwa, no kugenzura urwego rw’akarere kugira ngo ikibazo kimenyekane mbere y’uko habaho ikibazo. Uburyo bwa gatanu bwo gucika intege ni ugutegura nabi ibikorwa byo kubungabunga. Kwangirika, imyakura ifunguye, imiyoboro yangiritse, no kwinjira kw’amazi bishobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro umusaruro n’ubwizerwe kugeza igihe inzogera ikurikiraho igaragaje ikibazo.

Ibi bintu bishobora kwirindwa iyo umushinga urimo ubushakashatsi ku majwi, ibishushanyo by'aho byabereye, ibizamini byo gukoresha, no kugenzura buri gihe. Mu yandi magambo, gutanga amakuru ku ntera ndende ni igikorwa cy'ubuzima bwose, ntabwo ari ugugura rimwe gusa.

Uburyo igeragezwa ryo mu murima ryemeza imikorere y'igihe kirekire

Isuzuma ry’aho hantu ribera ryemeza imikorere kuko imbuga nyazo zikora mu buryo butandukanye n’ibishushanyo mbonera.

Gahunda y'ikizamini ifatika ubusanzwe ikubiyemo gupima urusaku rwo mu kirere, kugenzura uburyo urusaku rw'ingingo ku yindi, no kugenzura uburyo imvugo isobanutse. Abatekinisiye bagomba gupima baturutse ahantu hagenewe gutega amatwi kure, hanyuma bakagereranya ibisubizo mu mikorere y'amanywa n'ijoro niba aho hantu hahindutse imiterere y'imizigo. Ku majwi y'inkuba, ikimenyetso kigomba gutandukana neza n'urusaku rw'imashini n'amajwi asanzwe y'ibimera. Ku butumwa bw'amajwi, amagambo agomba kumvikana nta gusubiramo.

Aho bishoboka, ibizamini bigomba kandi kugenzura igenzura ry’amakosa n’imyitwarire y’amashanyarazi yo gusimbura. Inzogera y’ahantu hateje akaga yumvikana neza ariko ikananirwa mu gihe cy’impanuka y’ibikoresho ntabwo igera ku ntego zayo z’imikorere. Abaguzi benshi ubu basaba inyandiko zanditse zo gutanga serivisi kuko bashaka igipimo gishobora gusubirwamo, atari ukubihamya mu magambo gusa. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu amakipe y’abahanga aha agaciro abatanga serivisi bashobora gutanga amakuru ku rwego rw’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ubufasha ku rwego rw’umushinga.

Mu mishinga myiza, igerageza riganisha ku gutunganya ibintu mu buryo butaziguye. Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo guhindura inguni y'indangururamajwi, kongera umubare w'ahantu hahurira urusaku rwinshi, cyangwa gutandukanya ahantu hahurira urusaku rwinshi n'ahantu hasanzwe. Intego si urusaku rwinshi cyane. Intego ni ukumenyesha mu buryo buhoraho kandi busobanutse neza ahantu hose hashobora gutera ibyago.

Inzira yo kugura: icyo ugomba kubaza mbere yo kugaragaza inzogera y'ahantu hateje akaga

Mbere yo kugaragaza inzogera y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, bariza ibibazo bigaragaza niba sisitemu ikwiriye koko gukoreshwa.

• Ni iki gisabwa mu gushyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga n'icyemezo cy'uko hagomba kwemezwa?
• Urusaku rwo mu kirere rungana iki mu gihe cy'urusaku rwinshi?
• Ese ni ngombwa kuvuga ijwi ry'umuburo, ubutumwa bw'ijwi, cyangwa byombi?
• Ni uturere twinshi dukeneye igenzura n'igenzura ryigenga?
• Ni ikihe gihe cyo gufunga umuriro gisabwa mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi?
• Ni iyihe ngamba yo gukoresha mu kubungabunga no mu gupima ibikoresho bizakoreshwa?

Ibi bibazo bigabanya amakosa yo mu buryo burambuye kuko bituma itsinda ry’umushinga rigena aho gukorera. Binatuma byoroha kugereranya abacuruzi ku magambo apimwa aho kuvuga ku byifuzo bidasobanutse neza. Ku bagura imishinga, akenshi iryo ni ryo tandukaniro riri hagati ya sisitemu yemera kugura gusa n’iyikomeza gukoreshwa buri munsi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bijyanye na Sisitemu Zirinda Guturika n'Amatangazo yo Kumenyesha Abantu Kureshya

1. Ni mu rugero rungana iki sisitemu y'indangururamajwi idashobora guturika ishobora kugera?

Intera ifatika iterwa na SPL, icyerekezo, urusaku rwo mu kirere, uburebure bwo gushyiraho, n'imbogamizi. Mu miterere y'aho ijwi riherereye, urwego rw'amajwi rugabanukaho dB 6 buri gihe intera yikuba kabiri, bityo intera igomba kuba yakozwe mu buryo bwa ikoranabuhanga aho kuba iy'ukuri.

2. Ese ijwi ryumvikana buri gihe ni ryiza ku nteruro y'ahantu hateje akaga?

Oya. Ijwi ritagira ubusobanuro buhagije rishobora kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'ibisubizo. Sisitemu nziza ni ijwi rirenga bihagije ku buryo rihagarara hejuru y'urusaku ariko risobanutse neza ku buryo abakozi bumva ubutumwa.

3. Ese nkeneye uburyo bwo guhamagara cyangwa gusa intero y'amajwi?

Gukoresha amajwi mu buryo bwihuse ni byiza iyo abakozi bakeneye amabwiriza, mu gihe amajwi ari meza kugira ngo umuntu amenyekane vuba. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvugana n'abantu mu nganda bukoresha byombi kugira ngo bufashe mu bibazo bitandukanye byihutirwa.

4. Ni iyihe ngingo ngendana mbere na mbere yo kugenzura?

Tangira ukoresheje amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga n'amategeko agenga intabaza y'impanuka. Mu mishinga myinshi, IEC 60079,IEC 60529, naNFPA 72ni imfashanyigisho z'ingenzi.

5. Kuki amanota y'aho umuntu aherereye ari ingenzi niba indangururamajwi isanzwe ikorera mu nzu?

Kubera ko ahantu hateje akaga hanze n'ahandi hashobora guteza ibibazo, ibikoresho bihura n'umukungugu, amazi, umunyu, imirasire ya UV, n'ingufu. Ahantu heza ho gukingira ibikoresho bifasha mu kubungabunga imikorere y'amajwi no kuyakoresha mu gihe runaka.

6. Ni iki gitera gutsindwa gukunze kubaho mu kibuga?

Gushyirwa nabi ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze kugaragara. Indangururamajwi nziza zishobora kunanirwa gukwirakwiza urubuga mu gihe rwafunzwe, rwashyizwe mu nguni nabi, cyangwa rwashyizwe hasi cyane.

7. Nigute nakongera uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru yo kure nta kugura ibikoresho birenze urugero?

Tangira ukoresheje uburyo bwo gupima amajwi, koresha uburyo bwo gupima icyerekezo, gabanya ahantu hahurira amajwi mo ibice, kandi ukomeze gushyira amplifier mu mwanya wayo. Akenshi, imiterere y'amajwi irushaho kuba myiza kurusha indangururamajwi imwe nini.