Terefone zirinda guturika cyangwa izidakoreshwa mu nganda zidashobora kwangirika: Itandukaniro ni irihe?

Intangiriro

Guhitamo hagati ya telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda idapfa amazi n'iy'imashini idapfa guturika si ukuramba gusa; ahubwo ni ukugereranya igikoresho n'ibyago nyabyo biri aho hantu. Nubwo byombi byubatswe ku bidukikije bigoye, igikoresho kidapfa amazi cyagenewe kurwanya amazi, umukungugu, n'ingaruka z'umubiri, mu gihe telefoni idapfa guturika yakozwe kugira ngo irinde umuriro mu kirere giteje akaga. Iri tandukaniro rigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'abakozi, kubahiriza amategeko, ndetse n'ibyago byo kudakora akazi gahenze. Ikiganiro kiri hepfo gisobanura uburyo izi telefoni zitandukanye mu miterere, icyemezo, n'ikoreshwa ryazo kugira ngo umenye ubwoko bw'iyi telefoni bujyanye n'imiterere yihariye y'inganda.

Impamvu telefoni zirinda guturika ugereranyije n'izidakoreshwa n'inganda zigomba kuba ingenzi

Imiyoboro y'itumanaho ry'inganda yishingikiriza ku bikoresho byihariye kugira ngo ikomeze guhuza ibikorwa mu bihe bigoye. Abayobozi b'inganda n'abahanga mu by'amasoko bakunze gusuzuma ibikoresho bikomeye kugira ngo bahe abakozi babo ibikoresho, ariko bagahuzatelefoni y'inganda idapfa amazihamwe n’icyuma kidaturika gikomeje kuba igenzura rikomeye mu nganda. Nubwo ibyiciro byombi by’ibikoresho bifite amazu akomeye kandi bihangana n’ihohoterwa rikomeye ry’umubiri, inshingano zabo z’ibanze z’ubuhanga zikemura ibibazo bitandukanye by’ibidukikije.

Ingaruka z'umutekano n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'aho hantu

Gukwirakwiza itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa mu turere dufite ibyago bisaba gukurikiza cyane ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’ahantu hakorerwa ibikorwa, akenshi bigamijwe naATEX mu Burayicyangwa Itegeko ry'Igihugu ry'Amashanyarazi (NEC) muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Ibikoresho bigabanyijemo uduce cyangwa ibice bitewe n'amahirwe yo guturika kw'ikirere. Urugero, ATEX Zone 0 ihagarariye agace aho uruvange rw'umwuka, umwuka cyangwa igihu biturika bihora bihari. Ingufu nke zo gutwika (MIE) ku myuka isanzwe yo mu nganda nka hydrogen ni nkeya nka mililijoule 0.017. Telefoni isanzwe yo mu nganda idakoresha amazi, idafite uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano, ishobora gukora byoroshye micro-spark imbere irenze uyu mubare mu gihe cyo guhamagara cyangwa gukoresha ecran, bigatera umuriro mubi.

Ingaruka ku gihe cyo kuruhuka n'imikorere

Uretse ibyago byihutirwa by’umutekano, gukoresha ibikoresho by’itumanaho bidahagije bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere. Mu nzego nko gutunganya peteroli cyangwa gucukura mu mazi, igihe cyo gukora ibintu kitateganijwe gitanga ibihano bikomeye by’amafaranga, akenshi birenga $300.000 ku munsi. Iyo igikoresho kinaniwe kubera kwangirika imbere mu mubiri bitewe n’ibintu byangiza cyangwa kigatera ihagarikwa ry’umutekano mu gace runaka bitewe n’igenzura ry’amategeko, ihagarikwa ry’umusaruro rigabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ingenzi. Gukoresha igikoresho cyemewe neza bituma imiyoboro y’itumanaho y’ingenzi ikomeza gufunguye mu gihe cy’ibikorwa byihutirwa hatabayeho ibyago byo gutwika.

Amakosa asanzwe yo kugena imiterere y'ibintu

Ikosa rikomeye mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho ribaho iyo itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko ritekereje ko amanota menshi yo kurinda kwinjira (IP) ahamya umutekano mu kirere gishyuha. Telefoni y'inganda idakoresha amazi ifite amanota ya IP68 yakozwe kugira ngo irinde amazi n'umukungugu kwinjira, akenshi yemejwe ko ishobora kurokoka amazi yibira mu mazi ya metero 1.5 mu gihe cy'iminota 30. Ariko, agakingirizo gafunze neza ntikabuza amakosa y'amashanyarazi imbere, ubushyuhe buva muri batiri, cyangwa kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka. Gushyira igikoresho gisanzwe cya IP68 mu cyiciro cya mbere, ishami rya mbere binyuranyije n'amategeko ya OSHA kandi bikuraho politiki y'ubwishingizi bw'ikigo, kuko igikoresho kitagenewe kugabanya ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyangwa ngo kibuze guturika imbere.

Terefone zidaturika cyangwa zidapfa amazi: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi

Gutandukanya telefoni zikoreshwa mu nganda zidashobora guturika n’izidapfa amazi bisaba gusuzuma amahame y’ingenzi y’ubwubatsi bwazo. Imwe yibanda ku gucunga ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe, mu gihe indi yibanda gusa ku kubungabunga imbogamizi zifatika zidashobora kwinjiramo ku bidukikije.

Uburyo telefoni zirinda guturika zirinda umuriro

Ibikoresho byagenewe ahantu hashobora guteza akaga bikoresha uburyo bwa Interinsic Safety (IS) cyangwa Explosion-Proof (Ex). Umutekano w’imbere ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigendanwa, byakozwe kugira ngo ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe ziboneke munsi y’urugero rw’umuvuduko w’imvange ya gaze cyangwa ivumbi runaka. Ibibaho bya circuit boards byakozwe bifite imipaka y’amashanyarazi, resistor zihariye, na coatings za conformal. Nubwo haba hari circuit ngufi, telefoni ifite umutekano mu buryo busanzwe ntirekura umuriro urenze mililiyoli 0.2 cyangwa ngo igere ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora gutwika umwuka uturuka mu kirere. Ibi bikoresho bigenzurwa cyane n’ibyiciro by’ubushyuhe; urugero, icyiciro cya T4 gihamya ko ubuso bw’igikoresho butazigera burenga dogere selisiyusi 135 mu gihe cy’umutwaro uwo ari wo wose ukoreshwa.

Uburyo telefoni zitagira amazi zikoresha amanota ya IP

Ku rundi ruhande, telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda idakoresha amazi ishingira ku gipimo cya IEC 60529 kugira ngo igaragaze igipimo cyayo cyo kwirinda kwinjira (IP). Ubu buryo bukoresha inzitizi zifatika: gaskets za rubber za vulcanized, meshes za acoustic ziterwa na hydrophobic hejuru ya mikoro, n'ibinyabutabire bifunga ibice by'ingenzi. Igipimo gisanzwe cy'inganda ni IP67, kibuza burundu kwinjira kw'umukungugu no kurinda kwibira kugeza kuri metero 1 mu gihe cy'iminota 30. Igipimo cya IP69K cyisumbuyeho kigaragaza ko idatwarwa n'amazi ashyushye cyane (80°C amazi ku gipimo cya bar 100), bigatuma iba nziza mu gutunganya ibiribwa no gukora ibintu byinshi, ariko ntacyo bitwaye na gato mu gukumira gutwika gaze.

Kugereranya uburyo bwo kurinda

Kugira ngo hasobanurwe neza imbibi z'imikorere y'ibi bikoresho, imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo kubirinda.

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'amahame ngenderwaho yo kubahiriza amategeko

Kwemeza ubushobozi bwaibikoresho by'itumanaho mu ngandabisaba gusobanukirwa neza gahunda mpuzamahanga zo kubahiriza amategeko n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigena ibiciro by'ibikoresho, kubungabunga no kuramba.

Impamyabumenyi n'ibizamini bisabwa

Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko agenga ibidukikije biteje akaga ntirishobora kuganirwaho kandi rishyirwa mu bikorwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga. Mu Burayi, ibikoresho bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya ATEX 2014/34/EU, mu gihe ibikorwa mpuzamahanga akenshi bishingiye ku murongo wa IECEx. Ibi byemezo bisaba isuzuma rikomeye ry’ibigo bya Notified Bodies kugira ngo igikoresho kidashobora gutwika amatsinda runaka ya gaze (urugero, Group IIC ireba hydrogen na acetylene). Mu buryo bunyuranye, telefoni isanzwe y’inganda idakoresha amazi isaba gusa isuzuma rya IP, ubusanzwe rikorwa na laboratwari zigenga zemewe na ISO/IEC 17025 kugira ngo harebwe niba amazi adashobora guhangana n’umuvuduko, nta tegeko ryo guhagarika umuriro w’amashanyarazi cyangwa imipaka y’ubushyuhe.

Bateri, ibikoresho, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho

Ubuhanga bwa batiri n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu bigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'ibi byiciro bibiri. Telefoni zidashobora guturika ubusanzwe zikoresha batiri za lithium-ion zahinduwe byihariye zifite insinga zo kurinda ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bushobora gucika, akenshi zigabanye ubushobozi bwa mAh zigera kuri 3,000 kugeza 4,000 kugira ngo zigabanye imbaraga zishobora gusohoka. Udusanduku two hanze dukoresha ibikoresho birwanya static kugira ngo hirindwe ubwiyongere bw'ibinyabutabire bivamo electrostatic. Telefoni y'inganda idapfa amazi, idatwarwa n'ingufu z'umutekano, ikunze kugira batiri nini zirenga 8,000 mAh kugira ngo ikore imirimo myinshi. Udusanduku twazo dushyira imbere uburyo bwo kwinjiza ingaruka hakoreshejwe bumpers nini za Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) na ecran z'ibirahure zikomeye, zibanda ku kurokoka kw'amata kuva kuri metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 2 aho kuba imiterere irwanya static.

Ibiciro n'igihe cy'ubuzima

Ubu busumbane mu by’ubuhanga butera ikiguzi kinini cyo kugura. Telefoni nziza cyane ikoreshwa mu nganda idapfa amazi isanzwe iri hagati ya $300 na $800, bitewe n’umuvuduko wa poroseseri, kamera, n’impamyabushobozi za MIL-STD-810H zo gukomera. Ibinyuranye cyane, telefoni igendanwa ifite umutekano mu buryo busanzwe yemejwe na ATEX Zone 1/21 ifite agaciro gakomeye, aho ikiguzi cyayo kiri hagati ya $1,200 na $3,500. Nubwo igikoresho kidapfa amazi gishobora kugira igihe gito cyo gukora cy’imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 3 bitewe n’uko porogaramu zishaje cyane mu nganda muri rusange, ibikoresho bidapfa guturika akenshi bigumanwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 4 kugeza kuri 6, bishyigikiwe n’abacuruzi b’inzobere batanga uburyo bwo guhagarara neza kwa firmware mu gihe kirekire ndetse n’amabwiriza yo gusana yemejwe.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni ikwiye yo mu nganda

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'itumanaho bikwiye bisaba uburyo bunoze, buhuza ibipimo by'ibikoresho n'ukuri kw'ibidukikije by'aho byashyizwe kugira ngo hongerwe umutekano w'abakozi ndetse n'amafaranga y'ishoramari.

Intambwe zo guhitamo bishingiye ku bidukikije

Uburyo bwo guhitamo bugomba gutangirira ku igenzura ryimbitse ry’aho hantu no gusuzuma ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Inzobere mu by’umutekano zigomba gushushanya ikigo kugira ngo zigaragaze ahantu hose hashobora guteza akaga kandi zigaragaze amatsinda yihariye ya gazi, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwabyo bwo gutwika. Iyo inzira y’umukozi ihurira n’agace ka ATEX ka 1 cyangwa aka 2, igikoresho cyizewe ni ngombwa, uko cyaba kimeze kose. Ku bidukikije byiganjemo gusa ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ibidukikije—nk’aho hanze hakorerwa ibikoresho, ibyambu byo mu mazi, cyangwa inganda ziremereye—gusuzuma amanota ya IP akenewe no kwirinda kugwa ni byo biza imbere.

Iyo uburinzi budashobora kuvogerwa buhagije

Gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi cyane ugura ibikoresho bidashobora guturika mu turere tudateza akaga bigabanya ingengo y'imari kandi bigatuma imikorere y'ibikoresho igabanuka. Telefoni ikomeye ikoreshwa mu nganda idapfa amazi ni amahitamo meza ku nzego nk'ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, imicungire y'amato y'ubucuruzi, no gutunganya ibiribwa. Muri ibi bidukikije, ikirere gishyuha gikomeza kuba munsi y'umupaka wa 1% w'ibiturika bito (LEL). Iyi mibare ikurikira ifasha mu kugena ishoramari rikwiye ry'ibikoresho bishingiye ku mikorere.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura inyandiko z'umucuruzi

Iyo icyiciro cy'igikoresho gitoranyijwe, kugenzura neza inyandiko z'umucuruzi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane ko byubahirizwa kandi birinde inshingano. Ku bikoresho bidaturika, abaguzi bagomba gusaba Itangazo ryemewe ry'Uburyo bwo Gukurikiza (DoC) no kugenzura inomero ya Notified Body yashyizweho ikimenyetso kuri icyo gikoresho ukurikije amakuru mpuzamahanga nka IECEx equipment register. Ku telefoni y'inganda idapfa amazi, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusuzuma raporo z'ibizamini bya IP kugira ngo yemeze ibipimo nyabyo by'ikirego cya IP68—cyane cyane uburebure n'igihe cyo kwibira mu mazi, kuko amahame ya IP68 yemerera abakora ibizamini kwihitiramo ibipimo byabo bwite mu gihe barengeje metero 1 mu minota 30. Kwemeza ko umucuruzi atanga politiki isobanutse neza y'ingano ntoya y'ibicuruzwa (MOQ) kandi agahabwa garanti y'imyaka myinshi ihamye bizafasha ikigo gushora imari.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gukoresha telefoni zikoreshwa mu nganda zitagira amazi
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ese telefoni y'inganda idakoresha amazi itekanye mu bice bya gaze biteje akaga?

Oya. Ibipimo bya IP bibuza amazi n'umukungugu gusa. Ahantu hateje akaga hakenewe icyemezo kidaturika cyangwa icyemezo cy’umutekano nk'icyitegererezo cyemewe na ATEX cyangwa NEC.

IP68 isobanura iki kuri telefoni yo mu nganda?

IP68 bivuze ko ifunze ivumbi cyane kandi idashobora kugwa mu mazi, akenshi harimo no kwibira mu mazi by'agateganyo. Ntabwo byemeza ko telefoni ishobora guturika.

Ni ryari nahitamo telefoni idaturika aho guhitamo idapfa amazi?

Hitamo telefoni zirinda guturika mu bice bishobora gutera peteroli, gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiti cyangwa ivumbi. Hitamo telefoni zidashobora guterwa n'amazi mu mvura, mu gihe cy'amazi, mu gihe cy'imvura, mu gihe cy'ikirere cyo mu nyanja, cyangwa mu nganda zitose zidafite ibyago byo gutwika.

Ese telefoni imwe ishobora kwirinda guturika no kwirinda amazi?

Yego. Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'inganda buhuza icyemezo cy'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga n'uburinzi bwa IP buri hejuru. Buri gihe genzura icyemezo cya Ex n'igipimo cya IP ku rupapuro rw'amakuru y'ibicuruzwa.

Ni gute Siniwo yafasha mu guhitamo telefoni ikwiye yo mu nganda?

Siniwo ishobora guhuza imiterere y’aho ikorera, ibyemezo bisabwa, n’ibikenewe mu gushyiraho, hanyuma igatanga ubufasha mu gushushanya, guhuza, no kubungabunga ibidukikije bibi cyangwa biteje akaga.