Terefone zirinda guturika ugereranyije na Terefone zisanzwe zo mu nganda: Itandukaniro ni irihe?

Intangiriro

Telefoni zo mu nganda zishobora gusa n’izo inyuma, ariko uruhare rwazo mu mutekano ruhinduka cyane mu bidukikije biteje akaga. Mu duce dufite gaze, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya, telefoni isanzwe yo mu nganda ishobora guteza ibyago byo gushya binyuze mu mikorere isanzwe y’amashanyarazi, mu gihe telefoni idaturika yagenewe gukumira ibyo bibazo no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gace gashobora guteza akaga. Iyi nkuru isobanura itandukaniro ry’ubuhanga n’ibyemezo hagati yabyo, aho buri bwoko bukwiye, n’uburyo guhitamo neza bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w’abakozi, kubahiriza amategeko, igenamigambi ryo kubungabunga, n’igihe gihenze cyo kuruhuka. Iyo ibyo bisobanuro bihari, biroroha kumenya niba ahantu hakenewe ibikoresho by’itumanaho bikomeye cyangwa sisitemu idashobora guturika yubatswe ku bushake.

Impamvu terefone zirinda guturika ari ingenzi

Mu nganda aho imyuka ihindagurika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya, ibikorwa remezo by’itumanaho bisanzwe bitera ingorane zikomeye: ibyago byo gushya kw’amashanyarazi. Telefoni zirinda guturika zakozwe by’umwihariko kugira ngo zigabanye iki kibazo, kugira ngo imiyoboro y’itumanaho y’ingenzi idahinduka imbarutso y’impanuka zikomeye mu nganda. Bitandukanye n’ingufu zikomeye cyangwaibikoresho bikingira ikirere, izi mashini zihariye zubatswe kugira ngo zirinde guturika imbere mu kirere no kuzirinda gukwirakwira mu kirere giteje akaga gikikije.

Ingaruka z'itumanaho n'ingaruka zo kubura igihe cyo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina

Ingaruka nyamukuru mu mikorere mu bidukikije biteje akaga zituruka ku mirasire y'amashanyarazi n'ibishashi bituruka mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukoresha telefoni, nko guhamagara, guterura intoki (hook switch), cyangwa gukoresha keypad. Mu kirere aho ubwinshi bw'ibintu bishobora gushya burenze urugero rw'ibisasu bito (LEL) - bikunze gukurikiranwa ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 10% bya LEL - igikoresho gisanzwe cy'itumanaho gishobora gutanga ingufu zihagije zo gutwika. Uretse ikibazo cy'umutekano w'abakozi, ikibazo cy'amafaranga cyo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho ni kinini. Mu nzego zicukura peteroli n'izicukura mu mazi, igihe cyo kubura giteganyijwe giterwa no kunanirwa k'itumanaho cyangwa guhagarika umutekano gishobora gutera ikiguzi kiri hagati ya $20.000 na $100.000 ku isaha.

Aho bafite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha

Gukoresha telefoni zirinda guturika bifite ishingiro mu bucuruzi aho amahirwe yo guturika ikirere bisaba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Inganda zitunganya ibinyabutabire, inganda zitunganya imiti, ascenseur z’ibinyampeke, naibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro munsi y'ubutakazigaragaza inzego z’ibanze zo gukoresha ibikoresho. Nubwo amafaranga akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga (CapEx) ku gikoresho kidaturika ari menshi cyane ugereranyije n’ay’ibikoresho bisanzwe by’inganda, ishoramari ryemezwa no kugabanya inshingano zikomeye, kubahiriza ibisabwa mu bwishingizi, no gukumira ihagarikwa ry’imikorere mu bigo byose ritegetswe n’abagenzuzi b’umutekano.

Terefone zisanzwe zo mu nganda zirinda guturika

Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibiturika n'ibisanzwetelefoni y'ingandas ishingiye cyane ku miterere yazo. Nubwo telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zibanda gusa ku kuramba—zirinda amazi kwinjira, ingaruka, no kwangirika—uburyo bwo kwirinda guturika bwongeraho urwego rw’ingenzi rwo gukumira umuriro no gukumira guturika imbere mu mubiri.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho gufungirwa no gukumira umuriro

Telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zikoresha utuzu dusanzwe twa polycarbonate cyangwa utw'icyuma twagenewe kuzuza amahame ya NEMA 4X cyangwa IP66. Mu buryo bunyuranye, telefoni zidashobora guturika zifite utuzu dukomeye twakozwe mu cyuma kitagira umuringa, icyuma kitagira umuhengeri, cyangwa polyester yihariye ya Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP) ifite ubugari bw'inkuta akenshi burenga mm 15. Ikiranga ubuhanga ni "inzira y'umuriro." Iyo umwuka uturitse winjiye mu kazu ugatwikwa n'igice cy'amashanyarazi imbere, inzira y'umuriro ikora nk'icyuho cya mekanike. Iki cyuho gituma imyuka ikura kandi ishyushye ikonja munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere cyo hanze mbere yuko isohoka mu kazu.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere

Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibikoresho birwanya guturika bigomba kuringaniza umutekano n'imikorere myiza mu duce turimo urusaku rwinshi. Ibi bikoresho muri rusange bifite igihe cyo hagati y'igihe hagati y'ingaruka (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 50.000 kugira ngo bigabanye ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Imikorere y'amajwi nayo ni ingenzi; telefoni zirwanya guturika akenshi ziba zifite mikoro zikuraho urusaku hamwe na amplifiers zihuza zishobora gutanga ingano ya ringer kuva kuri 85 dB kugeza 110 dB, bigatuma byumvikana ku mashini ziremereye. Ingufu zo kwihanganira ubushyuhe mu mikorere yazo ni nini cyane, akenshi zihabwa amanota kuva kuri -40°C kugeza +70°C, mu gihe telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zidakunze gukora neza zirenze -20°C kugeza +55°C.

Ingingo zo kugereranya impande ku mpande

Kugira ngo hagaragazwe neza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, iyi matrix ikurikira igereranya imiterere y’ingenzi y’ibikoresho bisanzwe by’itumanaho mu nganda n’ibisanzwe bidashobora guturika.

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko no kwemeza

Gushaka ibikoresho byo mu turere twangiza ibidukikije bigengwa n’amategeko akomeye. Terefone idaturika yemerwa gusa iyo ifite ibyemezo bikwiye byemejwe na laboratwari zemewe zo gupima. Icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha nticyemewe n’amategeko ku bikoresho bishyirwa mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ATEX, IECEx, NEC, UL, n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'akarere

Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga agenga ishyirwaho ry’amabwiriza agenga ishyirwaho ry’ibikoresho ashingiye ku gace n’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho. Mu Burayi no mu mahanga, amahame ya ATEX na IECEx arakurikizwa, agashyira ibidukikije mu byiciro. Icyemezo cya Zone 1 kigaragaza ko igikoresho gifite umutekano mu turere dushobora kubamo ikirere giturika mu mikorere isanzwe (ubusanzwe kiba hagati y’amasaha 10 na 1.000 ku mwaka). Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Amategeko y’Igihugu agenga amashanyarazi (NEC) na Laboratories z’inyongera (UL) bikoresha sisitemu y’icyiciro/icyiciro, aho Icyiciro cya I, Icyiciro cya 1 kigereranya ibidukikije bisa n’ibishobora gutera ibyago byinshi. Amabwiriza y’ikoranabuhanga ashingiyeho, nka IEC 60079, agenga ibipimo nyabyo byo gupima ahantu hadatwikwa n’umuriro (Ex d) n’ahantu hatekanye mu buryo bw’umubiri (Ex i).

Abaguzi b'inyandiko bagomba kugenzura

Abahanga mu gutanga amasoko n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bagomba kugenzura neza inyandiko zemeza mbere yo gushyiraho. Inyandiko z'ingenzi zirimo Itangazo ry'Ubuziranenge (DoC) n'icyemezo cyemewe gitangwa n'Urwego Rushinzwe Kumenyekanisha (nka TÜV, PTB, cyangwa UL). Abaguzi bagomba guhuza "Ex marking" yihariye iri ku rupapuro rw'izina ry'igikoresho (urugero, Ex db eb IIC T6 Gb) hamwe n'idosiye y'ahantu hashobora kwangiza ikigo. "T-Class" (Icyiciro cy'Ubushyuhe) ni ingenzi cyane; amanota ya T6 yemeza ko ubushyuhe bwo hanze bwa telefoni butazigera burenga 85°C, bikerekana ko idashobora gutwika imyuka ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo gucana, nka disulfide ya karubone.

Gushyiramo, Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima, no kubungabunga

Igiciro cyose cy’Ubucuruzi (TCO) ku itumanaho ridashobora guturika kirenze kure igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura. Ibisobanuro, uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyiraho, hamwe n’ingengabihe ikomeye yo kubungabunga bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’imikorere y’iyi sisitemu.

Uburyo bwo kugaragaza telefoni ikwiye

Kugena igikoresho gikwiye bisaba guhuza ikoranabuhanga n'ibikorwa remezo byagutse by'ikigo. Abaguzi bagomba guhitamo hagati ya sisitemu zisanzwe za analog, akenshi zikenera insinga z'umuringa, n'izigezweho.Terefone za VoIP/SIPModeri za VoIP zikoresha imiyoboro ya Ethernet isanzwe kandi akenshi zikoresha Power over Ethernet (PoE), bigabanya gukenera imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi itandukanye. Nubwo telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zisanzwe zigura hagati y'amadolari 300 na 800, moderi zidashobora guturika ziri hagati y'amadolari 1,500 na 3,500 kuri buri gice bitewe n'ibikoresho byihishe hamwe na protocole (Analog vs. VoIP). Byongeye kandi, abahanga bagomba kugena niba ibikoresho by'inyongera, nka za acoustic hoods zidashobora guturika cyangwa beacons zo hanze, ari ngombwa kugira ngo zuzuze ikigereranyo cya 15-decibel cy'ikimenyetso-urusaku gisabwa n'amahame y'umutekano mu kazi.

Ibitekerezo byo gushyiraho no kubungabunga

Gushyiramo ahantu hashobora guteza akaga bigengwa n'amabwiriza akomeye adashobora kurebwa. Insinga zose zishyirwamo zigomba gukoresha insinga zemewe zirinda umuriro, zifunze n'ibintu byihariye kugira ngo gazi itemba mu miyoboro y'insinga. Insinga imwe idafunze neza ituma igikoresho cyose kitagira icyemezo cy'uko gishyirwamo. Iyo imaze gushyirwamo, kuyibungabunga bigenwa n'amahame nka IEC 60079-17, asaba ko habaho igenzura rya buri gihe. Ubusanzwe igenzura rikorwa buri mezi 6 kugeza kuri 12, mu gihe igenzura ryimbitse ry'inzira z'umuriro n'ubuziranenge bw'aho zifungiye rigomba gukorwa nibura buri mezi 36 n'abakozi bemewe. Kutabika izi nyandiko bishobora gutera ibihano bikomeye by'amategeko.

Uko abaguzi bagomba gufata icyemezo

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'itumanaho bikwiye bisaba gusuzuma neza ingaruka nyazo z'aho ibikorwa bibera ugereranyije n'ingengo y'imari ikoreshwa. Gukoresha ibikoresho birenze urugero bitera ibura ry'imari ritari ngombwa, mu gihe kubishyira mu bikorwa nabi bitera ibibazo bikomeye mu mategeko no mu mutekano.

Iyo telefoni isanzwe yo mu nganda ihagije

Telefoni isanzwe yo mu ngandabirahagije rwose ku "Agace Gatekanye" kagenewe inganda. Ibi birimo ibyumba byo kugenzura, ibiro by'ubuyobozi, ahantu abakozi baruhukira, n'inyubako rusange aho amahirwe yo kwikubira imyuka itwika cyangwa ivumbi ari 0% gusa. Terefone zisanzwe zifite imbaraga zitanga ubwirinzi bukenewe ku bushuhe bwinshi, amazi yangiza, n'ingaruka z'umubiri nta mafaranga menshi ajyanye no gukumira ibisasu. Iyo isesengura ry'ibyago ry'ikigo rigaragaje ko agace katashyizwe mu byiciro, gukoresha igikoresho cya Ex-rated nta nyungu itanga ku mikorere.

Ibisabwa mu guhitamo bya nyuma

Mu kurangiza ingamba zo gutanga amasoko, abaguzi bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo buhamye kugira ngo basuzume ibyo buri gice gisabwa. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bireba iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, ubukana bw'ibidukikije, n'uburyo umuyoboro w'itumanaho uhura.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu za telefoni zirinda guturika
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ryari nahitamo telefoni idaturika aho guhitamo telefoni isanzwe yo mu nganda?

Koresha telefoni idaturika ahantu hateje akaga hari gaze, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya, nko mu nganda zitunganya ibinyabutabire, inganda zikora imiti, ahantu hakorerwa ibinyampeke, n'ibirombe by'amabuye y'agaciro. Telefoni zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu nganda zigenewe ahantu hatari akaga gusa.

Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye ry’umutekano riri hagati ya telefoni zirinda guturika n’izisanzwe zo mu nganda?

Telefoni zirinda guturika zubatswe kugira ngo zirinde ibisasu by'imbere cyangwa ibisasu no guhagarika umuriro hanze y'aho zifungiye. Telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda ahanini ziramba mu kwirinda amazi, ivumbi, ingaruka, n'ingese.

Ni izihe certification ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura telefoni idaturika?

Emeza ko telefoni ijyanye n'urwego rw'urubuga rwawe kandi ifite ibyangombwa bisabwa nka ATEX, hamwe n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuziranenge bishyigikiwe na CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001. Buri gihe banza urebe niba ikwiriye akarere cyangwa ishami mbere yo kuyishyiramo.

Ese telefoni zirinda guturika zikwiriye ahantu hakorerwa urusaku hanze mu nganda?

Yego. Moderi nyinshi zagenewe ahantu hakomeye hafite uburinzi bwa IP66/IP67, mikoro zikuraho urusaku, hamwe n'ibyuma bicuranga amajwi hagati ya 85–110 dB, bifasha mu gutumanaho neza hafi y'imashini ziremereye.

Kuki ushaka telefoni zirinda guturika muri Siniwo?

Siniwo itanga serivisi z'itumanaho mu nganda zitandukanye, kuva ku gushushanya no guhuza kugeza ku gushyiraho no kubungabunga. Ikoranabuhanga ryayo rikora ibice byinshi by'ingenzi rishyigikira ireme rihamye, gutanga serivisi zizewe, no gushyigikira imishinga mpuzamahanga.