Inyigisho yo kugereranya Terefone Irinda Guturika Ugereranyije na Terefone Irinda Gutembera mu Kirere

Intangiriro

Guhitamo hagati ya telefoni idaturika na telefoni idahura n'ikirere bitangirira ku gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yo kurinda ahantu hashobora guteza akaga no kwirinda ibidukikije by'ibanze. Nubwo byombi byubatswe ahantu hasaba imbaraga nyinshi, bikemura ibibazo bitandukanye: kimwe cyagenewe gukumira umuriro mu kirere gihindagurika, mu gihe ikindi cyagenewe gukomeza gukora mu mvura, ivumbi, n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Iyi nyandiko isobanura uburyo imiterere yabyo, ibyemezo, n'ikoreshwa ryabyo bitandukanye, kugira ngo ubashe guhuza telefoni n'ingaruka nyazo ziri aho hantu. Amaherezo, uzabasha kugereranya ibisabwa mu mutekano, ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, n'ibihe byo kuyikoresha ufite icyizere kinini.

Impamvu guhitamo terefone zirinda guturika cyangwa izirinda ikirere ari ingenzi

Kugena ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije n'imiterere y'ibyago byangiza imikorere y'inganda. Mu gusuzuma itumanaho rikomeye, itandukaniro riri hagati ya telefoni idaturika n'igikoresho gisanzwe kidahura n'ikirere si ikibazo cyo kuramba gusa—ni itandukaniro rikomeye muri filozofiya y'ubuhanga.

Amakuru y’inganda agaragaza ko kugeza kuri 40% by’ibibazo bikomeye by’itumanaho mu nganda zikomeye bituruka ku gukoresha ibikoresho bifite amanota adahagije ku bidukikije cyangwa ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Guhitamo amacumbi akwiye n’ubwoko bw’icyemezo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho igihe gihoraho cyo gukora no gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko y’umutekano w’aho hantu.

Ibidukikije bishobora guteza akaga, igihe cyo gukora akazi, n'inshingano z'umutekano

Amategeko agenga imikorere ategeka kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano ahantu hari ibintu bihumanya ikirere. Abakora mu bigo bahura n’inshingano zikomeye z’amategeko n’imari nk’uko biteganywa na OSHA,ATEX, na IECEx.

Intego nyamukuru ya telefoni idaturika ni ukugenzura ko igikoresho ubwacyo kidashobora gukora nk'isoko y'umuriro. Mu buryo bunyuranye, telefoni idaturika igenewe gusa kugumana igihe cyo gukora kwayo mu gihe idashobora kwinjira mu kirere no mu buryo bw'umubiri. Kudatanga amanota akwiye bishobora kwangiza ikigo, umutekano w'ubuzima ukagabanuka, ndetse n'amande y'amategeko akunze kurenza $100.000 kuri buri wese utubahirije amategeko.

Imiterere y'imikorere ituma hafatwa icyemezo

Imiterere y'imikorere igena ibisabwa by'ibanze ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho. Inganda zikomeye zitari iziteza akaga, nk'ibyambu by'ubucuruzi, inzira za gari ya moshi, na sisitemu z'ubutabazi mu mihanda minini, zisaba ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku bushuhe, ivumbi, no kwangiza. Muri ibi bihe, telefoni irinda ikirere itanga ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu gice cyo hasipeteroli na gazeInganda zitunganya ibinyampeke, inganda zitunganya peteroli, n'ibigo bikora ibinyampeke bifite ikirere cyuzuyemo imyuka itwika, umwuka ushyushye, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya. Ibi bisaba ibikoresho byakozwe kugira ngo bishyiremo ibishashi by'imbere cyangwa ubushyuhe, bigatuma telefoni idaturika iba itegeko ridashobora kuganirwaho kugira ngo hubahirizwa amategeko kandi habeho umutekano mu mikorere.

Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya telefoni zirinda guturika n'izirinda ikirere

Nubwo ibyiciro byombi by'ibikoresho bifite imitako ikomeye yo hanze, amabara agaragara cyane, na telefoni zigendanwa zikomeye, imiterere yazo y'imbere n'inzira zo kwemeza biratandukanye rwose. Gusobanukirwa ubu budasa bw'imashini n'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi ku matsinda y'abahanga mu by'ubuhanga ashinzwe gutanga amasoko.

Uburyo telefoni zidashobora guturika zigira ingaruka zo gushya

Telefoni idaturika ikoresha ingamba zikomeye zo kuyirinda, akenshi ikoresha amahame y’imiterere ya Flameproof (Ex d) cyangwa Intrinsically Safe (Ex i). Mu buryo butuma itaturika, urugo rukozwe mu bikoresho bikomeye—akenshi bifite ubugari bwa mm 5 kugeza kuri mm 8 cyangwa polyester yihariye ya reinforced glass (GRP)—byakozwe kugira ngo bihangane n’igitutu cy’iturika ry’imbere.

Ingingo zo mu bwoko bwa labyrinth zikozwe mu mashini hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu buhamye bituma imyuka iyo ari yo yose isohoka ikonjeshwa munsi y’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere gikikije. Ubundi buryo, umutekano w’imbere ugabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu gice cy’ingufu kugeza ku rugero ruri munsi y’ingufu ntoya zo gutwika (MIE) z’imyuka iteje akaga, akenshi bigatuma ingufu z’urumuri ziri munsi ya mililiyoli 0.2.

Uburyo telefoni zirinda ikirere zirwanya amazi, ivumbi n'ingaruka

Telefoni zirinda ikirere zishyira imbere uburyo bwo kurinda ibidukikije aho gushyira imbere uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro. Izi mashini zikoresha gasket nini za silicone, PCBs (amadirishya yacapwe), n'insinga zifunze kugira ngo hirindwe amazi n'udusimba twinjira mu kirere.

Ibikoresho by’ubushyuhe bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru birwanya ikirere akenshi bigira amanota yo kwirinda ikirere ya IP66 cyangwa IP67, bivuze ko bidapfa kuvunika ivumbi kandi bishobora kwihanganira amazi akomeye cyangwa kwibira mu mazi by’igihe gito. Ubushyuhe bwabyo bukoreshwa neza mu bihe bidasanzwe, bikora neza kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +70°C, kandi ahantu habyo hakunze kubakwa kugira ngo harwanye ingaruka zikomeye za mekanike, akenshi bigahabwa amanota ya IK09 cyangwa IK10.

Amahame ngenderwaho, amanota, n'ibimenyetso byo kugereranya

Kugereranya ibi byombi bisaba gusobanukirwa neza amahame mpuzamahanga y’inganda n’ibimenyetso by’ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bidaturika bifite amazina agoye agaragaza neza ibipimo byabyo by’umutekano, mu gihe ibikoresho bidahura n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bishingiye cyane cyane kuri sisitemu yo gupima IP na IK.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya telefoni zirinda guturika n'izirinda ikirere

Guhitamo ibikwiyeigikoresho cy'itumanaho mu ngandabisaba isuzuma ryuzuye rirenze igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura. Kubera ko telefoni idaturika ikunze kuba ifite ikiguzi cyo gukuba inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 ugereranije n'icyuma gisanzwe kidahura n'ikirere, abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gusuzuma neza ibipimo bya tekiniki bakurikije ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw'umuntu.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingenzi byo guhitamo tekiniki

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki bigomba guhuza n'ibisabwa mu gice cyo gusohora amajwi n'ibidukikije. Ubwoko bwombi bwa telefoni busaba ubushobozi bwo gutanga amajwi menshi kugira ngo butsinde urusaku rwo mu nganda; ibyuma bikoresha amajwi bigomba gukora igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amajwi kirenga 85 dB (A) ku ntera ya metero imwe.

Igipimo cy’igihe hagati y’ibiza (MTBF) ni ikindi gipimo cy’ingenzi, aho imiterere y’inganda nziza yitezweho gutanga amasaha arenga 50.000 yo kwizerwa. Amahitamo y’ibikoresho byo mu nzu—byaba iby’icyuma kidashonga cyo mu mazi (SUS316L) ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja byangiza cyane cyangwa GRP idahura n’ingaruka—agomba kugaragazwa hashingiwe ku byangiza ibidukikije n’ingaruka zangiza imirasire y’izuba.

Icyemezo, kubungabunga, n'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi

Igihe cyo gutanga icyemezo no kubungabunga kigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’uburyo bubiri bwo gukora. Telefoni idaturika isaba gukurikiza cyane ibipimo byayo mu gihe cyose ikora.

Ibice byose bisimbura, kuva ku nsinga za terefone kugeza ku byuma bisimburana imbere, bigomba kuba ari ibikoresho byemejwe n'uwabikoze mbere kugira ngo bikomeze kuba bifite amanota ya ATEX cyangwa IECEx. Impinduka zitaremerewe zihita zikuraho icyemezo cy'umutekano. Ku rundi ruhande, telefoni zirinda ikirere zitanga amabwiriza yoroshye yo kubungabunga, bigatuma amakipe ashinzwe kubungabunga akora ibikorwa bisanzwe byo gusana ibice bidabangamiye iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.

Gushyiramo, gushyira insinga, gufunga no kugenzura

Ubuhanga bwo gushyiramo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku giciro cyose cyo gushyiraho. Gushyiramo ibyuma bidaturika bisaba ko ibyuma byihariye bya kera byemewe (nk'ibyuma byuzuyemo ibintu bivanze) birinda ko gazi inyura mu gice cy'imbere cy'icyuma.

Amasezerano yo gufunga ubutaka arakomeye cyane, akenshi asaba ko ibikoresho bifatanya n’ubutaka bifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guturika kuri <1 ohm. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bidaturika bigomba gusuzumwa buri gihe hakurikijwe amabwiriza nka BS EN 60079-17, bisaba abakozi b’inzobere kugenzura ubushobozi bw’ingingo no kuzifunga neza. Telefoni zirinda ikirere zikenera nylon cyangwa brass glands zisanzwe kandi zikurikiza amategeko asanzwe yo gushyiraho amashanyarazi mu nganda, bigabanya cyane amasaha y’akazi n’amafaranga y’igenzura.

Igihe cyo kugena telefoni idaturika

Igipimo cyo gushyiraho telefoni idaturika kuruta indi idashobora gushya kigenwa gusa n’uburyo bwemewe bwo gushyiramo ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Injeniyeri z’ibigo zikora isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ibyago kugira ngo zigaragaze ahantu hari ibikoresho bishobora gushya, zigahitamo ibikoresho mu buryo butaziguye.

Gushyira mu byiciro imiterere y'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga n'imiterere y'aho ibintu bibera

Uduce dufite akaga dushyirwa mu bice bitandukanye (Uburayi/IECEx system) cyangwa mu bice bitandukanye (Uburayi) hashingiwe ku nshuro n'igihe ikirere giturika gikunze kumera. Terefone zikoreshwa muri utwo duce zigomba kuba zijyanye neza n'urwego rwagenwe.

Amakosa asanzwe yo kwirinda mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibintu

Amatsinda ashinzwe amasoko n'ubwubatsi akunze guhura n'amakosa mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho ashobora kubangamira umutekano cyangwa akagabanya ingengo y'imari. Ikosa rikunze kubaho ni ugushyira telefoni idashobora guturika mu gace kadashyirwa mu byiciro kubera gusa ko irambye, bityo igapfusha ubusa amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikorwa by'ingenzi kandi bikagorana mu kubungabunga mu gihe kizaza.

Ku rundi ruhande, gushyira telefoni isanzwe idahura n’ikirere mu gace ka Zone 2 kubera ko ahantu hafatwa nk'aho ari "hafite umwuka mwiza" bitera ibyago bikomeye. Ikindi kintu gikunze kwitabwaho ni ukwirengagiza itsinda ry’ingufu n’ubushyuhe. Urugero, ibidukikije birimo hydrogen bisaba amanota akomeye ya Group IIC, kandi ibikoresho bigomba kugira icyiciro cy’ubushyuhe gikwiye (nka T6, kugira ngo ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo hejuru butarenga 85°C) kugira ngo hirindwe ko imiti yihariye ikoreshwa mu kirere ishobora kwatsa mu buryo bwikora.

Uburyo amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko ashobora guhitamo neza

Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko, kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y’amabwiriza akomeye y’ubuhanga n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bisaba uburyo buhamye. Guhitamo telefoni ikwiye yo mu nganda bikubiyemo kuringaniza iyubahirizwa ry’umutekano, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikoresho, n’ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha mu gihe cyose ibikoresho bimara.

Inzira yo gusuzuma intambwe ku yindi

Isuzuma rikomeye ritangirira ku igenzura ryemewe ry’ibishushanyo by’ahantu hashyirwa ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hemezwe niba telefoni idaturika ikenewe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Hanyuma, amatsinda agomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutumanaho—gufata umwanzuro hagati ya analog isanzwe, SIP/VoIP, cyangwa imiyoboro yihariye ya fibre optique hashingiwe ku miyoboro isanzweho.Ibikorwa remezo bya PBX.

Ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije birenze ibyago byo guturika, nk'ubushyuhe bukabije bw'umunyu cyangwa urusaku rwo mu kirere rurenze 100 dB, bigomba kwandikwa. Hanyuma, gutanga amasoko bigomba kubara Ikiguzi cyose cy'Ubucuruzi (TCO) mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 isanzwe, hakagaragazwa amafaranga menshi y'ibanze akoreshwa, abakozi bashinzwe gushyiraho ibikoresho byihariye, n'ikiguzi cyo kugenzura ibikoresho bitaragera ku rwego rumwe ugereranyije n'ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe birwanya ikirere.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibyemezo by'umucuruzi bya nyuma

Mu gihe cyo guhitamo abagurisha, abashinzwe amasoko bagomba gusuzuma ibimenyetso byinshi by’ubucuruzi na tekiniki. Raporo z’ibizamini by’abandi n’ibyemezo bigenzurwa bivuye mu bigo bizwi (nka TUV, PTB, cyangwa SGS) ni itegeko ku bikoresho byose bidashobora guturika; kwemeza ko ari byo byemewe.

Ibikoresho byo mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho nabyo bigira uruhare runini, kuko ibikoresho byihariye bya Ex akenshi bitwara igihe cyo gutangira kuva ku byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 12, ugereranije n'ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 bisanzwe ku bikoresho bidashobora guhindagurika. Amakipe agomba kandi kuganira ku ngano ntoya zo gutumiza (MOQs) ku bikoresho bisimbura ibindi kandi agasaba amasezerano y'ingwate yuzuye, agashyira imbere abacuruzi batanga ubwishingizi bw'amezi 24 kugeza kuri 36 hamwe n'ibikoresho byemewe bihari mu gihe kirekire.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha telefoni irinda guturika
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ryari nahitamo telefoni idaturika aho guhitamo telefoni idahura n'ikirere?

Koresha telefoni idaturika ahantu hateje akaga hari umwuka, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi, nk'ahantu hashobora gutwikwa hakomoka amavuta, gazi, imiti cyangwa ibinyampeke. Hitamo telefoni zirinda ikirere kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu mvura, ivumbi, no mu bikorwa byo hanze gusa.

Ese telefoni zirinda ikirere zitekanye mu turere twangiza ikirere?

Oya. Telefoni irinda ikirere irwanya amazi, ivumbi n'ingaruka, ariko ntabwo yagenewe gukumira umuriro. Ku bice biteje akaga, koresha moderi zirinda guturika zemejwe na ATEX cyangwa IECEx.

Ni ibihe byangombwa ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura telefoni idaturika?

Emeza icyemezo nyacyo cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, nka ATEX cyangwa IECEx, hamwe n’itsinda rya gaze cyangwa ivumbi, icyiciro cy’ubushyuhe, n’ikimenyetso cy’uturere. Emeza kandi CE, FCC, cyangwa ROHS niba umushinga wawe ubikeneye.

Ese Siniwo itanga telefoni zo mu nganda zirinda guturika n'izirinda ikirere?

Yego. Siniwo itanga telefoni, intercom, n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho byihutirwa birwanya guturika no kwirwanaho mu nganda zikomeye, hamwe n'inkunga yo kuzitunganya, kuzihuza, kuzishyiraho no kuzisana.

Nigute nahitamo telefoni ijyanye n'imiterere y'urubuga rwanjye?

Tangira ukoresheje isuzuma ry'ibyago by'urubuga rwawe: gushyira mu byiciro ingaruka mbi, ikoreshwa mu nzu cyangwa hanze, ibikenewe na IP / IK, ubushyuhe, n'ubwoko bwa network nka analog, SIP, cyangwa VoIP. Hanyuma uhuze moderi n'ibyo bisabwa.