Inyigisho yo kugereranya Terefone Irinda Guturika Ugereranyije na Terefone Irinda Gutembera mu Kirere

Intangiriro

Guhitamo hagati ya telefoni idaturika na telefoni idahura n'ikirere si icyemezo cyoroshye cyo kuramba; ni cyo kigena niba sisitemu y'itumanaho ari nziza, yujuje ibisabwa, kandi ihendutse mu gace runaka k'inganda. Iyi nyandiko isobanura itandukaniro ry'ingenzi mu kurinda ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, kwirinda ibidukikije, ibisabwa mu gutanga icyemezo, n'ikoreshwa risanzwe, bityo abasomyi bashobora guhuza ubwoko bwa telefoni n'imiterere y'aho ikorera aho kuba ibyo batekereza. Igaragaza kandi uburyo igiciro, kubungabunga, n'ingaruka zo kuyikoresha bihurirana, bifasha injeniyeri, abagena, n'abaguzi kwirinda guteganya uturere duteje akaga no kwishyura amafaranga menshi ku bw'uburinzi butari ngombwa. Iyo ibyo bisobanuro bihari, kugereranya bishobora kwerekeza mu buryo butaziguye ku bintu bya tekiniki n'imikorere bitandukanya ibi byiciro bibiri by'ibikoresho.

Impamvu Guhitamo Terefone Irinda Guturika Ugereranije n'Iterambere ry'Ikirere Guhitamo Terefone Irinda Guturika

Kugaragaza neza icyo ari cyoibikoresho by'itumanaho mu ngandani icyemezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga kigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'inganda, iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, n'ikoreshwa ry'imari. Mu nganda zikomeye, telefoni zisanzwe z'ubucuruzi zirangirika vuba, bigatuma itumanaho ritagenda neza mu gihe cy'impanuka. Guhitamo hagati ya telefoni idaturika na telefoni idahura n'ikirere biterwa n'uko hari imyuka itwika, ivumbi rishobora gushya, cyangwa kwangirika gukabije kw'ibidukikije.

Gukora ibipimo bitari byo bigira ingaruka zikomeye. Gushyira telefoni isanzwe idahura n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ahantu hateje akaga biteza ibyago bikomeye byo kwatsa, bishobora kunyuranya n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’umutekano ndetse no kurengera ubwishingizi bw’ibikoresho. Ku rundi ruhande, gushyira telefoni idashobora guturika ahantu hatari akaga kandi hatose bitera amafaranga menshi atari ngombwa, akenshi bikongera ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho kuva ku gipimo fatizo kiri hagati ya $300 na $800 ku bikoresho bidashobora guturika bikagera ku $1,500 na $4,000+ ku bikoresho byemejwe bidashobora guturika.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'umutekano, ingaruka zo kubura umwanya wo gukora, n'aho umuntu ahurira n'aho aherereye

Ikintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu guhitamo telefoni idaturika ni ugushyira ahantu hashobora guteza akaga mu kigo. Ahantu hagenwe nka Zone 1 cyangwa Zone 2 (kuri ATEX/IECEx) cyangwa Class I, Division 1 cyangwa 2 (kuri NEC/CEC) ibikoresho bidashobora gutwika ikirere gikikije. Uku gutwika gushobora kubaho binyuze mu gufunga amashanyarazi muri terefone, gufunga imirongo migufi muri keypad, cyangwa gukusanya ubushyuhe ku buso bufunze.

Uretse ingaruka zo gutwika, guhura n’ibintu byangiza ibidukikije, ibidukikije birimo umunyu, ndetse n’ingaruka zikomeye za mekanike ni byo bigena ubukana bukenewe. Ingaruka zo kudakora neza nazo zigira uruhare runini muri iki cyemezo. Mu nganda zikomeye nkapeteroli na gaze, igihe cyo kuruhuka kidateganijwe gishobora gutwara amafaranga ari hagati ya $100.000 na $500.000 ku isaha. Ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho byizewe birakenewe kugira ngo habeho guhuza ifungwa ryihuse ry’ibikorwa byihutirwa no kugabanya ibihombo by’amafaranga, bigatuma ishoramari rya mbere ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ritagize icyo rigeraho ugereranije n’imikorere ihoraho.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa kuri telefoni zirinda guturika n'izirinda ikirere

Terefone zirinda ikirere zakozwe ahanini mu bidukikije aho amazi yinjira, ivumbi ryiyongera, n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe ari byo bintu by’ingenzi bishobora guteza akaga, ariko imyuka iturika ntibe ihari. Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa birimo sisitemu zo mu muhanda zihuta, amato yo mu mazi, ahantu hadateza akaga hakoreshwa imiti ihumanya ikirere, urubuga rwa gari ya moshi, n’inyubako ziremereye zikorerwamo. Ibi bidukikije bisaba kuramba no kugaragara neza ariko ntibisaba ubuhanga buhambaye bwo gukoresha inzira y’umuriro.

Terefone zirinda guturika zirasabwa n'amategeko mu nzego zihura n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere. Ibikorwa bihuriweho birimo imashini zicukura mu mazi, inganda zitunganya peteroli, ibyuma bya LNG, ibirombe by'amakara byo munsi y'ubutaka, n'ibikoresho byo gufata ibinyampeke aho ivumbi rishobora gutwika rihora ribangamira. Muri ibi bihe byo gukoreshwa, terefone ntigomba kwihanganira gusa ikirere kibi ariko igomba no gukumira ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cy'amashanyarazi imbere kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byo hanze.

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati ya telefoni zirinda guturika n'izirinda ikirere

Nubwo ibikoresho byombi byubatswe kugira ngo bihangane n’ikoreshwa nabi rikomeye ry’inganda, inyigisho zabyo z’ubuhanga ziratandukanye cyane. Telefoni irinda ikirere yagenewe gukumira ibidukikije byo hanze, mu gihe telefoni irinda guturika yagenewe gukumira impanuka z’amashanyarazi imbere.

Isuzuma ry'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, uburyo bwo kurinda kwinjira, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho hantu hafungirwa

Uburinzi bw'ingress ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cya telefoni zirinda ikirere, akenshi zigera ku gipimo cya IP66 cyangwa IP67 (cyangwa NEMA 4X ingana nayo). Izi pfundo muri rusange zikorwa muri Polyester ya Glass Reinforced Polyester (GRP) cyangwa aluminiyumu isanzwe, ifite ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri mm 3 kugeza kuri mm 5. Zikoresha silicone ikomeye cyangwa gasket za polyurethane kugira ngo zihagarike amazi anyuramo n'umuvuduko mwinshi.

Udukingirizo tudaterwa n'ibisasu bisaba ubuhanga butandukanye cyane mu bwubatsi. Aho kuziba amazi gusa, tugomba kwihanganira igitutu kinini cy'imbere cy'iturika rya gazi tudacitse. Udukingirizo dukozwe muri aluminiyumu idafite umuringa, icyuma cya 316L kitarimo umucanga, cyangwa icyuma cyihariye, gifite ubugari bw'inkuta buri gihe burenga mm 10 kugeza mm 15. Byongeye kandi, dukoresha inzira z'umuriro zikozwe neza. Iyo iturika ry'imbere ribaye, utwo duce duto cyane (akenshi dukozwe kugeza ku rugero rwo hejuru kurusha mm 0.15) twemerera imyuka ikura gukonja munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo hanze mbere yo gusohoka.

Ibisobanuro, ibyemezo, no kurwanya ibidukikije

Impamyabushobozi zigena uko ibi bikoresho bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. Telefoni zirinda ikirere zipimwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije, nka EN 60529 ku bipimo bya IP cyangwa MIL-STD-810 ku bijyanye no guturika no gutigita. Telefoni zirinda guturika zigomba gupimwa cyane n’abandi bantu kugira ngo zigere ku ntego zazo.Impamyabushobozi za ATEX, IECEx, cyangwa UL/CSA, bigenzura ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora mu mutekano mu matsinda yihariye ya gaze (urugero, IIA, IIB, IIC) n'ubushyuhe (urugero, T4, bituma ubuso bw'igikoresho butarenga 135°C).

Uburyo bwo kugereranya telefoni zirinda guturika n'izirinda ikirere

Kugereranya izi terefone zo mu nganda zombi bisaba isuzuma rusange ry’ibyo ikigo gikeneye mu mikorere yacyo. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba kuringaniza iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mu buryo bukomeye ugereranije n’ingengo y’imari, ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga, n’imiterere y’aho gishyirwa.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugereranya ikoreshwa ry'iyi porogaramu

Igipimo cy’ingenzi cyo kugereranya ni ikarita y’agace gashobora guteza akaga k’ikigo. Iyo ahantu ho gushyira ibintu biri mu mbibi za Zone ya 1 cyangwa Zone ya 2, telefoni idaturika ni ngombwa. Ku bice bitekanye (uturere tudafite indangamuntu), telefoni idahura n’ikirere ni amahitamo akwiye.

Ibipimo bya kabiri birimo imikorere y'ijwi n'uburyo rigaragara. Ubwoko bwa telefoni zombi busanzwe bufite mikoro zikuraho urusaku zagenewe gushungura urusaku rw'inyuma rurenze 85 dB (A), kandi nyinshi zifite utumashini twinshi dukoresha imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa amatara yo hanze ashobora gutanga 100 dB (A) kugeza 110 dB (A) kuri metero 1. Ariko, ibisabwa neza by'ijwi bizagena niba moderi zisanzwe za telefoni cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye bihuza n'ama-headset ari ngombwa.

Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima, icyemezo, n'ibintu byo kubungabunga

Ibiciro by'ubuzima bw'iyi koranabuhanga biratandukanye cyane hagati y'ikoranabuhanga ryombi. CAPEX ya mbere kuri telefoni idashobora guturika ubusanzwe iba iri hejuru ya 300% kugeza 500% ugereranyije n'indi isanzwe idashobora guturika. OPEX igomba kandi gushyirwa mu byiciro; ibikoresho bidaturika bisaba gahunda zihariye kandi zanditseho inyandiko. Abatekinisiye bagomba gukurikiza cyane amabwiriza y'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, nko kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'inzira y'umuriro no kugenzura ko imiyoboro y'inzitizi ifunze neza.

Terefone zirinda ikirere zitanga ikiguzi gito cyo gutunga (TCO) bitewe no koroshya gushyiraho no kubungabunga. Gutunganya buri gihe muri rusange bisaba kugenzura neza ibifuniko by’aho bifungiye no gusuzuma imikorere ya keypad na handset, hatabayeho uruhushya rwo gukora ahantu hashobora guteza akaga cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gusuzuma.

Impinduka mu mikorere mu buryo nyabwo

Imiterere y'imikorere mu isi isanzwe itanga impinduka zitandukanye ku mikorere. Uburemere ni ikintu cy'ingenzi: telefoni ikomeye idaturika ishobora gupima hagati ya kg 15 na kg 25, isaba ahantu hakomeye ho kuyishyiraho no kuyiterura mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho. Mu buryo bunyuranye, telefoni ya GRP idashobora gushyuha ubusanzwe ipima hagati ya kg 3 na kg 6, bigatuma umutekinisiye umwe ayishyiraho vuba.

Ergonomike ishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku rwego rwo gukomera. Izi telefoni zikoreshwa mu buryo budashobora guturika akenshi ziba ziremereye kandi zifite imigozi ifite imbaraga zo gukurura zirenga ibiro 200 kugira ngo hirindwe gucika. Nubwo ibi byemeza ko zishobora kubaho mu bihe bikomeye, bishobora gutera umunaniro mu gihe cyo guhamagara ibibazo igihe kirekire ugereranije n'izindi telefoni zoroshye zikoreshwa ku buryo busanzwe budashobora guturika.

Isuzuma ry’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, ishyirwaho ry’ibikoresho, n’abatanga serivisi

Gushaka no gushyiramo ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda bigenzurwa cyane. Gukoresha ibikoresho bitujuje ibisabwa cyangwa gukoresha uburyo budakwiye bwo kubishyiraho bishobora guhita bita agaciro icyemezo cy'umutekano n'ubwishingizi by'ikigo gifite agaciro ka miliyoni nyinshi z'amadolari.

Amabwiriza ajyanye n'ibyo n'ibisabwa mu kwemeza

Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko rigengwa n’amahame mpuzamahanga akomeye. Ku byerekeye telefoni zidashobora guturika, urutonde rw’amabwiriza ya IEC 60079 rugena ibipimo by’ibizamini n’ibyemezo ku isi hose, hamwe n’impinduka mu turere nka ATEX Directive (2014/34/EU) mu Burayi n’ingingo 500-505 z’amategeko y’igihugu agenga amashanyarazi (NEC) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ibimenyetso bikwiye (urugero, Ex db eb IIC T4 Gb) bihuye n’ibyago nyabyo bya gaze n’umukungugu aho hantu.

Telefoni zirinda ikirere, nubwo zitagengwa n'amategeko agenga ikirere giturika, zigomba kubahiriza amahame akomeye y'umutekano w'amashanyarazi n'itumanaho. Zigomba kuba zujuje EN 60529 ku gipimo cyazo cya IP kandi akenshi zisabaIbyemezo bya FCC, CE, cyangwa ICASAku bice byabyo by'ikoranabuhanga by'imbere, bigamije kubahiriza uburinganire bwa electromagnetic (EMC) mu bidukikije bifite imashini ziremereye.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibintu bugabanya ingaruka mbi ku mikorere

Uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ngaruka z’imikorere n’igihe kirekire by’ibikoresho. Telefoni zidashobora guturika zikenera sisitemu zihariye zo kwinjira mu nsinga. Abashyiramo ibikoresho bagomba gukoresha insinga zemewe zuzuyemo agakoresho ko kuzifunga kugira ngo birinde ko imyuka iturika yimuka mu gice cy’imbere cy’insinga. Amabati agomba gukomezwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’uruganda—akenshi hagati ya 15 Nm na 25 Nm—kugira ngo inzira y’umuriro ikomeze kuba ndende.

Ku matelefone adashobora guhindagurika n'ikirere, gushyiraho ibikoresho byibanda ku kubungabunga amanota ya IP. Insinga zigomba gushyirwaho ingano ikwiye ya nylon cyangwa brass IP68 compression glands. Ikintu gikunze kugorana ni ingano idakwiye y'insinga cyangwa kudakoresha imigozi itonyanga mu nsinga, bigatuma amazi akurikirana insinga no kunyura mu bifunga by'insinga uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma abakora n'abatanga ibicuruzwa

Gusuzuma abatanga telefoni zo mu nganda bisaba gusuzuma uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bwazo n'uburyo zizewe bwo kuzitanga. Ku bikoresho bidashobora guturika, uruganda rugomba kugira Itangazo rya ATEX Quality Assurance Notification (QAN) cyangwa Raporo ya IECEx Quality Assessment (QAR), bigaragaza ko inzira yo kuzikora ikomeza kwihanganira neza igihe cyo kuzitanga.

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kandi gusuzuma amakuru y’umutanga serivisi ku gihe hagati y’ibyago (MTBF). Inganda zikomeye zizatanga imibare ya MTBF irenza amasaha 50.000 ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga birwanya ikirere ndetse n’ibiturika, bityo bikazakomeza kuba ingirakamaro ahantu hatagenzurwa.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo telefoni ikwiye urubuga rwawe

Guhitamo telefoni ikwiye mu nganda bisaba kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y’ibisabwa mu buhanga bikomeye n’ibijyanye no gutanga amasoko mu buryo bufatika. Uburyo buhamye butuma umutekano ushyirwa imbere hatabayeho ikiguzi kidakenewe cyangwa gutinda koherezwa.

Inzira yo gufata icyemezo cyo guhitamo ubwoko bwa terefone bukwiye

Inzira yo gufata icyemezo itangirira ku isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Niba aho hantu hashyirwa hagenwe nka Zone 1, Zone 2, cyangwa Class I Div 1/2, inzira inyura kuri telefoni idaturika. Iyo imaze gushyirwa mu byiciro, injeniyeri agomba guhuza itsinda rya gaze ry’igikoresho (urugero, IIC kuri hydrogen) na T-Class (urugero, T4 ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 135°C) n’ibyago byihariye bya shimi by’aho hantu.

Iyo agace kadashyizwe mu byiciro, inzira igana kuri telefoni idashobora guhindagurika n'ikirere. Ibyemezo bikurikira bireba ibidukikije birebire. Kumenya ubushyuhe bukenewe mu mikorere; telefoni zisanzwe zo mu nganda zifata -20°C kugeza +60°C, ariko ibidukikije birebire bishobora gusaba ibice bifite amanota kuva kuri -40°C kugeza +75°C. Hanyuma, hitamo protocole y'itumanaho, uhitemo hagati ya analog isanzwe, SIP/VoIP yo muri iki gihe.Kwihuza kwa IP PBX, cyangwa sisitemu zihariye zitekanye mu buryo bwihariye.

Urutonde rwa nyuma rw'ibyerekeye ikoranabuhanga n'amasoko

Mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryo kugura, banza usome ibikubiye muri iryo tegeko ukoresheje urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga. Emeza ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe birwanya ibintu byihariye bishobora kwangiza biri aho hantu (urugero: gusobanura icyuma cya 316L aho gusobanura aluminiyumu yo mu mazi). Emeza ko igipimo cya IP ari nibura IP66 ku bikoresho byo hanze kandi bidafite uburinzi.

Menya neza ko umuvuduko w'ijwi ry'icyuma gishyushya cyangwa beacon yo hanze urenze urugero rw'urusaku ruri hagati ya 10 dB (A) na 15 dB (A). Hanyuma, menya neza ko umutanga serivisi atanga inyandiko zuzuye, harimo icyemezo cy'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, ibitabo byo gushyiraho, n'amabwiriza y'ingwate, urebe neza ko ikigo gikomeza kubahiriza amategeko kandi gikora mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15 giteganijwe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha telefoni irinda guturika
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ryari nahitamo telefoni idaturika aho guhitamo telefoni idahura n'ikirere?

Hitamo ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bidashobora guturika mu bice bya Zone 1/2 cyangwa Class I Div 1/2 bifite gaze ishobora gushya cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya. Koresha telefoni zirinda ikirere gusa ahantu hatari hatose, hari ivumbi, cyangwa hanze.

Ese telefoni zirinda ikirere zishobora gushyirwa ahantu hashobora guterwa na peteroli na gaze?

Oya. Telefoni irinda ikirere irwanya amazi n'umukungugu, ariko ntabwo yagenewe kubikamo amasoko y'umuriro. Ahantu hateje akaga hakenewe telefoni zemewe zirinda guturika.

Ni ibihe byangombwa ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura telefoni idaturika?

Emeza icyemezo gikenewe cyo kwemererwa ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, nka ATEX cyangwa IECEx, hamwe n'itsinda rya gazi rihuye n'urwego rw'ubushyuhe. Ku buziranenge rusange, Siniwo itanga kandi ibicuruzwa bihuye n'amahame ya CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001.

Kuki telefoni zirinda guturika zihenze kurusha telefoni zirinda ikirere?

Bakoresha ibyuma binini, inzira z'umuriro zikora neza, n'ibishushanyo mbonera byemewe kugira ngo birinde amakosa y'imbere. Ibyo by'ubuhanga n'ibizamini by'inyongera byongera ikiguzi ariko ni ingenzi kugira ngo amategeko ashyirwe mu bikorwa kandi habeho umutekano mu nganda.

Ese Siniwo ishobora kumfasha guhuza telefoni ikoreshwa mu nganda n'imiterere y'urubuga rwanjye?

Yego. Siniwo itanga ubufasha bushoboka kuva ku gushushanya no guhuza kugeza ku gushyiraho no kubungabunga, ifasha abakiriya guhitamo sisitemu z'itumanaho zirinda guturika cyangwa zirinda ikirere kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu bidukikije bibi kandi biteje akaga.