Ibintu bya telefoni bidakingira ibisasu utagomba kwirengagiza

Intangiriro

Mu nganda zishobora guteza akaga, telefoni ni igice cy’uburyo bw’umutekano, si igikoresho cy’itumanaho gusa. Telefoni ikwiye idaturika igomba gukora ibirenze kurokoka ivumbi, ubushuhe, no kwangirika; igomba gukumira ibyago byo kwatsa mu gihe ikomeza kuba yizewe mu gihe cy’itangazo, kuzimya, no mu bikorwa bisanzwe. Iyi nkuru igaragaza ibintu by’ingenzi cyane, kuva ku buziranenge bw’aho ifungirwa n’imiterere idapfa gushya kugeza ku kuramba, kumva neza amajwi, no kubahiriza amahame y’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Mu gusobanukirwa ibi bintu by’ingenzi, abasomyi bashobora gusuzuma ibikoresho neza kandi bagahitamo uburyo bushyigikira amategeko n’itumanaho ryihuse kandi ryizewe mu gihe ibintu bimeze nabi cyane.

Impamvu guhitamo terefone irinda guturika ari ingenzi

Inganda zikorera mu bidukikije bihindagurika ntizishobora kwishingikiriza ku bikorwaremezo bisanzwe by'itumanaho.telefoni idaturikani ngombwa cyane mu buhanga ku nganda zikora imiti, ku mbuga zo mu nyanja, no ku nganda zitunganya ibiribwa aho imyuka itwika, umwuka cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya biba biri.

Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye cy’itumanaho birenga kugenzura uburyo gikoreshwa; bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza no mu gihe cyo gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka. Iyo ikirere gihindagurika bisaba ibikoresho byihariye, gusobanukirwa uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kurinda ibi bikoresho biba ari ngombwa.

Uburyo telefoni zidashobora guturika zigabanya ibibazo by'itumanaho

Ibi bikoresho byakozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bifite imikorere ikomeye y’imbere n’ibice bifungiranye, birinda amashanyarazi gukurura ikirere gihindagurika. Modele zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zifite igihe kirenga amasaha 50.000, bigatuma zikomeza gukora ndetse no mu bidukikije byangiza cyane.

Gushyira hamwe amabati yacapwe yacapwe yakozwe mu buryo bwa conformal-coated (PCBs) birinda ubushuhe n'uduce duto two mu kirere twangiza. Mu gushyira ku ruhande amashanyarazi no gukoresha swichi zirinda ibishashi, izi telefoni zigabanya cyane igipimo cyo gutsindwa ugereranije na telefoni zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, bigatuma itumanaho rifunguye ndetse n'igihe ikoranabuhanga rya mashini ryananiwe gukora.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziyongera iyo itumanaho ry’ahantu hateje akaga ridahagije?

Hatabayeho itumanaho rya telefoni ritekanye cyangwa ridashobora gushya, imiterere y’ibyago by’inganda irushaho kwiyongera cyane. Kudashobora gutangaza amakuru y’ubutabazi bw’igihe cyangwa guhuza ifungwa ryihuse ry’intoki bishobora guhindura ibintu bito bito mu gace runaka bikaba impanuka zikomeye, zibera mu bigo byose.

Gutinda mu masegonda 60 gusa mu guhagarika igikorwa gikomeye—akenshi bitewe no guhamagara kwaciwe cyangwa terefone yafunzwe—bishobora gusunika imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikarenga urwego rw'umutekano wayo. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bitujuje ibisabwa bitanga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idakwiye. Gushyiramo ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga mu gace ka Zone ya 1 bifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera iturika, bigatera ibibazo by'ubwishyu bwa za miliyoni nyinshi z'amadolari, kwangirika gukomeye kw'inyubako, no gukomeretsa abantu cyane.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gushyira imbere

Gusobanura telefoni idaturika bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ubushobozi bwa mekanike n’ubw’ikoranabuhanga. Abahanga mu by’amasoko bagomba kurenga imikorere y’ibanze kugira ngo basuzume ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ibihano bikomeye by’inganda ariko bagakomeza kohereza amajwi mu buryo busobanutse neza.

Isuzuma ry'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, uburinzi bw'inyongera, no kuramba kw'aho hantu

Udukingirizo tugomba kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye za mekanike, kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire, n'ikirere kibi. Ibipimo bisanzwe bisaba ko nibura IP66 cyangwa IP67 irindwa, bigatuma habaho ubwirinzi bwuzuye ku mukungugu wa mikorosikopi naimiyoboro y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshimu gihe cyo gusukura ikigo.

Ibikoresho bifunze bigena uburyo bwo kubaho igihe kirekire. Polyester ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya Kirahuri (GRP) na aluminiyumu idafite umuringa ni ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda. Akenshi bisabwa kugira ngo zuzuze amanota ya IK10 yo kurwanya ingaruka, bivuze ko urugo rushobora kwihanganira ingufu za joules 20 z'ingaruka rudahungabanyije umukandara warwo w'imbere.

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu gufata amajwi, amajwi, no gucunga amajwi

Mu bidukikije aho urusaku rw'imashini zo mu kirere ruhora rurenga 85 dB, amajwi asanzwe yo kuri telefoni nta cyo amaze. Telefoni zirinda guturika zigomba kuba zirimo mikoro zikuraho urusaku zishobora gushungura urusaku ruri hagati ya 30 na 40 dB, zigahuzwa n'ibikoresho byakira amakuru bifite ubushobozi bwo gukuramo urusaku ruri hagati ya 30 na 40 dB, hamwe n'ibikoresho byakira amakuru bifite ubushobozi bwo gukuramo amakuru menshi.

Imiterere y’amajwi ihujwe nayo ni ingenzi cyane. Ibyumviro bya kabiri bya 110 dB hamwe n’amatara ya LED afite imbaraga nyinshi bituma abantu bahamagara bamenyekana neza kandi bakabyumva, ndetse n’igihe abakozi baba bambaye ibikoresho bikomeye byo kurinda amatwi.

Ingufu zitangwa, uburyo bwo guhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, n'uburyo bwo gusibanganya

Itumanaho rigezweho ry’inganda rikunda imiterere y’ijwi kuruta IP (VoIP), rikoresha protocole za SIP kugira ngo rihuzwe neza n’ibiriho.Sisitemu za PBXIbi bikoresho ubusanzwe bikoresha ingufu za Ethernet (PoE) binyuze kuri IEEE 802.3af/at standards, bikurura munsi ya 15W kuri buri gice kugira ngo byoroshye cyane ibisabwa mu bijyanye n'insinga.

Ku bice by'ingenzi mu butumwa, injeniyeri zigomba gushyira imbere moderi zifite imiyoboro ibiri ya LAN kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bushya. Capacitors z'amashanyarazi zo mu gace runaka cyangwa bateri zishyizwe hamwe nabyo ni amahitamo y'ingenzi, kuko zigumana ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibimenyetso no guhamagara mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi ry'igihe gito cyangwa igihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi ry'ibanze.

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko no kwemeza

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bugoye mu gutanga ibyangombwa by’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga ntibishobora kuganirwaho ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko n’umutekano. Terefone idaturika ni nziza gusa nk’igeragezwa rikomeye rikorerwa ku ruhande rwa gatatu kugira ngo ibone uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amategeko.

Impamyabushobozi n'ibimenyetso byo kugenzura mbere yo kugura

Gusuzuma izina ry'igikoresho bisaba ubuhanga mu bitekerezo byo kurinda nka Ex d (ibiziriko bikingira umuriro), Ex e (umutekano wongerewe), cyangwa Ex i (umutekano w'imbere). Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kugenzura ko uburyo bwihariye bwo kurinda bujyanye n'uburyo ikigo gishyira mu byiciro ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.

Igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura ni Urwego rw'Ubushyuhe (T-Class), rugena ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'ubuso igikoresho kizageramo mu gihe cy'ikosa. Urugero, amanota ya T6 yemeza ko ubuso bwo hanze butazigera burenga 85°C. Iki gipimo gituma kiba gitekanye ku bidukikije birimo imyuka ihindagurika cyane ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo gutwika, nka disulfide ya karubone. Kugenzura ibi bimenyetso byemeza ko bihuye n'itsinda ry'imyuka runaka riri aho hantu (urugero, IIA, IIB, cyangwa IIC).

Itandukaniro mu kwemeza ATEX, IECEx, n'uturere

Ibikorwa mpuzamahanga bigomba guhuza inzego z’amategeko zihurirana ariko zitandukanye.Amabwiriza ya ATEX(2014/34/EU) ni itegeko rigenga ishyirwaho ry’ibikoresho mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, rigabanya ibidukikije mu turere hashingiwe ku nshuro n’igihe ikirere giturika gikunze kumera.

Ku rundi ruhande, IECEx itanga uburyo bwo gukora ku bushake bwemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bunoza amategeko ku mipaka. Ibigo byo muri Amerika ya Ruguru bikora muri gahunda ya NEC/CEC, bikoresha imiterere y’icyiciro n’itsinda aho gukoresha gahunda ya Zone, isaba ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’ibicuruzwa n’amabwiriza yo kubipima.

Kugereranya abatanga ibicuruzwa n'uburyo ibicuruzwa byizewe

Uretse urupapuro rugaragaza ibikenewe, kubaho igihe kirekire kw'umuyoboro wa telefoni udapfa guturika biterwa cyane n'igihe ikigo gikorera. Gusuzuma icyizere cy'umutanga serivisi birinda imitungo yabuze kandi bigatuma itumanaho rikomeza mu gihe cyose ikigo kimaze.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugereranya telefoni zidashobora guturika

Mu gusuzuma ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusaba amakuru y’ubuziranenge ku bacuruzi bashobora kugurisha. Abatanga ibikoresho bo mu cyiciro cya mbere bakunze kugaragaza ko ibipimo by’ubusembwa bw’ibikoresho biri munsi ya 0.5% kandi bakora mu buryo buhamye.Sisitemu zo gucunga ubuziranenge za ISO 9001:2015.

Ingingo z'ingwate zikora nk'ishingiro ry'icyizere cy'ibicuruzwa. Ingwate y'ibanze y'amezi 24 kugeza kuri 36 ni isanzwe ku bikoresho by'itumanaho bikomeye; ikintu kiri munsi yabyo gishobora kugaragaza ko ibikoresho by'imbere mu nzu bidakora neza cyangwa ko ubushobozi bwo kubitunganya budashobora kubaho.gukwirakwiza mu nganda.

Inkunga y'abatanga serivisi, ibice bisimbura ibindi, no guhindura uko ibintu bimeze

Kuboneka kw'ibice bisimbura modular ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo bigabanye igihe cyo kudakora. Ibintu by'ingenzi byangirika, nk'imigozi ya terefone ikoreshwa mu byuma ishobora kwihanganira uburemere bwa kg 200 cyangwa swichi za magnetic reed hook zishobora gusimburwa n'umucuruzi, bigomba kuboneka byoroshye mu buryo butaziguye.

Abatanga serivisi bagomba kandi gutanga ubufasha bwuzuye bwa tekiniki, harimo no gushyiraho firmware yihariye kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bugoye bwo gukoresha SIP no guhuza PBX. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibyuma bitanga serivisi ni ingenzi cyane mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bigomba kugira igihe cyo gutangira gukora ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4, mu gihe gushyiraho imiterere yihariye—nk'isaba transceivers za fiber-optic cyangwa switch za relay zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye—bishobora gufata ibyumweru 8 kugeza kuri 12.

Kurangiza icyemezo cyo kugura

Icyiciro cya nyuma cyo gutanga amasoko gisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibikorwaremezo by’inganda, ikiguzi cy’ubuzima, n’imbogamizi mu mikorere. Isuzuma ryimbitse ryemeza ko telefoni yatoranijwe idashobora guturika ijyanye n’amahame y’umutekano w’inganda ndetse n’amafaranga igenerwa.

Isuzumabikorwa ry'intambwe ku yindi ku matsinda y'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi n'abatanga amasoko

Gahunda yo gutanga amasoko igomba gutangirira ku igenzura rikomeye ry’aho ibintu biherereye. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba gupima urusaku rwinshi mu kirere; niba ingano yarwo irenga 85 dB buri gihe, hagomba gushyirwamo utubati tw’amajwi cyangwa utubati dukuraho urusaku mu gishushanyo mbonera kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko ibintu byose bisobanutse.

Hanyuma, ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga rigomba kugenzura imiterere y’umuyoboro kugira ngo ryemeze ko uhuye na kodeki za SIP/VoIP zatoranijwe (nka G.711 cyangwa G.722) kandi rirebe neza ubushobozi buhagije bwo gusimbuza hamwe n’ingengo y’imari y’ingufu za PoE. Amaherezo, isuzuma ry’imiterere y’umuyoboro rigena ibikenewe mu miyoboro y’insinga—ubusanzwe M20 cyangwa imiyoboro ya NPT—kugira ngo habeho guhuza imiyoboro y’insinga idafite umwuka mwinshi.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibyemezo bya nyuma ku bisabwa n'ibihingwa n'ingengo y'imari

Guhuza Amafaranga Akoreshwa mu Guteza Imbere Imari (CAPEX) n'Ayo Gukoresha (OPEX) ni cyo gipimo ntarengwa cyo gufata icyemezo. Igiciro cya telefoni idashobora guturika gikunze kuba hagati ya $800 kuri moderi y'ibanze ya analog kugeza ku $2,500 kuri telefoni igezweho ya VoIP ifite beacons ikora hamwe na relay zo kugenzura za kabiri.

Ariko, abafata ibyemezo bagomba kandi kubara ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO). Gushora imari y'inyongera kuri 15 kugeza kuri 20% mbere y'igihe kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwa GRP burambye cyane, bufite IP67 hamwe no gusibangana kw'imiyoboro ibiri akenshi bitanga TCO iri hasi cyane mu gihe cy'imyaka 10. Iri shoramari rigamije kugabanya cyane ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, rigabanya ububiko bw'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, kandi rikuraho igihe gihenze cyo kudakora neza giterwa no kuzimya itumanaho.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha telefoni irinda guturika
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ikihe cyemezo cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga telefoni idaturika igomba kuba ifite?

Huza ikimenyetso cya telefoni n'uburyo urubuga rwawe rushyirwa mu byiciro, nka ATEX Ex d cyangwa Ex e ku bice bya Zone 1/2. Buri gihe banza urebe neza izina n'icyemezo mbere yo kugura.

Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi cyane mu nganda zikomeye?

Shyira imbere uburyo bwo gufunga IP66 cyangwa IP67, kurwanya ingaruka za IK10, hamwe n'ibikoresho birwanya ingese nka GRP, aluminiyumu idafite umuringa, cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316L ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja cyangwa mu binyabutabire.

Ni gute telefoni idaturika ishobora kuguma ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora urusaku rwinshi?

Hitamo moderi zifite mikoro zikuraho urusaku, ibyuma bifasha kwakira ibintu byinshi, hamwe n'ibyuma byifashishwa mu guhamagara bya 110 dB bifite amatara ya LED kugira ngo amajwi agaragare kandi yumvikane kuruta urusaku rw'imashini.

Ese nahitamo analog cyangwa VoIP kuri telefoni idaturika?

VoIP ikunze kuba nziza ku nganda zigezweho kuko telefoni za SIP zikorana na sisitemu za IP PBX kandi zishobora gukoresha PoE mu koroshya insinga. Koresha analog aho ibikorwa remezo bya kera bigomba kubikwa.

Kuki wagura kuri Siniwo terefone zirinda guturika?

Siniwo itanga serivisi z'itumanaho mu nganda, ikora ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu nzu, n'ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n'ibyemezo nka ATEX, CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001.