Ubuyobozi bwo kugura terefone ku mishinga y'inganda bugaragaza ko nta guturika kw'ibisasu

Intangiriro

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'itumanaho ahantu hateje akaga bikubiyemo ibirenze guhuza imiterere n'igiciro. Mu mishinga y'inganda, telefoni idaturika igomba kubahiriza amategeko agenga ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ahantu, kwihanganira imikorere mibi, no gukomeza kuba yizewe mu gihe cy'impanuka iyo itumanaho ari ingenzi cyane. Iyi nyandiko isobanura amahame y'ingenzi, ibipimo bya tekiniki, n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije bigomba kugira uruhare mu gufata icyemezo cyo kugura. Abasomyi baziga uburyo bwo kugereranya ibisabwa mu byemezo, kuramba kw'aho hantu, imikorere y'amajwi, ingufu n'ibikenewe mu gushyiraho, hamwe n'ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ubuzima, bityo byoroshye guhitamo ibikoresho bishyigikira kubahiriza amategeko, gukomeza imikorere, n'umutekano w'abakozi.

Impamvu ubuyobozi bwo kugura terefone bugaragaza ko hari ikintu kidaturika ari ingenzi

Gushaka ibikoresho by'itumanaho bikoreshwa mu nganda ziteza akaga bisaba gukoresha amabwiriza y’umutekano, ibipimo bya tekiniki, n’ibisabwa mu mikorere. Terefone idaturika si igikoresho cy’itumanaho gusa; ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu kurinda ubuzima cyakozwe kugira ngo hirindwe umuriro w’imyuka ihindagurika, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushya. Guhitamo ibikoresho bibi bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, amande y’amategeko, n’ingaruka zikomeye ku bakozi.

Iyi mfashanyigisho itanga abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi, mu bijyanye no gutanga amasoko no mu bikorwa, uburyo bwo gusuzuma, guhitamo no gukoresha telefoni zirinda guturika. Mu gusobanukirwa ibisabwa bikomeye byo gushyira mu byiciro uturere dufite ibyago, ibigo bishobora kunoza ikoreshwa ry'imari yabyo mu gihe bigenzura ko itumanaho ritahagarara mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'ingenzi.

Uburyo itumanaho ridafite aho rihuriye n'akaga rishobora kongera ibyago by'umushinga

Mu nzego zishobora guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye nko gutunganya peteroli, gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu mazi, noubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro munsi y'ubutaka, ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho ni byo bigize inkingi y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze. Iyo telefoni isanzwe y'inganda yangiritse mu kirere gihindagurika, ishobora gukora nk'isoko y'umuriro. Uretse ibyago byo guturika ako kanya, ingaruka za kabiri zo kunanirwa k'itumanaho ni ugutinda gutabara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze. Mu bihe bikomeye, gutinda kurenga igihe gisanzwe cyo gutabara mu gihe cy'iminota 3 bishobora gutuma impanuka zo mu gace runaka ziyongera mu biza mu bigo byose.

Byongeye kandi, igihe cyo kudakora itumanaho bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu.urwego rwa peteroli na gaze, igihe cyo kuruhuka kidateganijwe gishobora kurenza $250.000 ku isaha. Iyo ikigo cy’ibikorwa kidashobora kuvugana n’abatekinisiye bo mu gace ka Zone ya 1 bitewe n’ikibazo cya terefone, umusaruro ugomba guhagarikwa kugeza igihe itumanaho ryongeye gushyirwaho. Gushora imari mu bikoresho byemewe bigabanya ibi bihenze by’imikorere ariko bigakomeza kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano mu kazi.

Ni izihe nganda zikenera telefoni zidashobora guturika

Kuba telefoni idaturika biterwa n’uko ikirere giturika kiba gihari n’uko gikunze kubaho, bigashyirwa mu byiciro ku isi yose hakurikijwe imiterere y’akarere cyangwa ishami. Ibigo bikora ku mashini zikoresha hydrocarbon zihinduka, nka terminale za LNG, inganda zitunganya ibinyabutabire, n’ububiko bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu ndege, bisaba ko habaho utuzu tw’itumanaho twemewe mu bihe by’ingenzi.

Ibidukikije bitandukanye bigena urwego rutandukanye rw'uburinzi bw'ibikoresho. Urugero, ikigo gitunganya ibinyampeke gikoresha ivumbi rishobora gushya gisabaIcyemezo cya ATEX Zone 21 cyangwa 22, mu gihe icyuma gitunganya peteroli mu nyanja gisaba icyemezo cya gaze cya Zone ya 1 cyangwa Zone ya 2. Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyiramo peteroli ni intambwe ya mbere isabwa mu itangwa ry'amasoko.

Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki no kubahiriza amategeko

Gusuzuma telefoni idaturika bisaba gusobanukirwa neza amabwiriza yayo ya tekiniki n'amategeko agenga imikorere yayo. Abaguzi b'inganda bagomba kureba kure y'imikorere y'ibanze kugira ngo basuzume uburyo ikoranabuhanga ry'igikoresho rihura n'ingaruka zihariye z'aho gishyirwa.

Ni ibihe bipimo by'ahantu hashobora guteza akaga n'ibyemezo by'ingenzi?

Ishingiro ry'ibikoresho byose byo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga ni icyemezo cyabyo. Inzego zemewe ku isi zirimo ATEX (Uburayi), IECEx (Amahanga), na UL/CSA (Amerika y'Amajyaruguru). Terefone ishyirwa ahantu hashobora gutera akaga igomba kuba ifite ibimenyetso bikwiye, nka 'Ex d' ku biziriko bidashobora gushya, byagenewe kubikamo iturika ry'imbere ritabanje gutwika ikirere cyo hanze. Ubundi buryo, 'Ex i' bivuze umutekano w'imbere, aho ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziba ziri munsi y'umupaka w'uruvange rwa gazi runaka.

Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura itsinda rya gazi (urugero: IIA, IIB, cyangwa IIC ku myuka ihindagurika cyane nka hydrogen) n'urwego rw'ubushyuhe (T1 kugeza T6). Urugero, amanota ya T6 yemeza ko ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw'ibikoresho butazarenga 85°C (185°F), bigatuma biba byiza ku bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo gucana nka disulfide karubone.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya uburinzi bw'ibiziriko, uburinzi bw'inyongera, n'uburambe

Ibidukikije by’inganda bishyira ibikoresho mu bihe bikomeye by’ikirere, imiti ihumanya, ndetse n’ingaruka mbi ku mubiri. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amanota y’ibikoresho bifunze n’uburyo bwo kurinda kwinjira (IP) ni ibipimo by’ingenzi byo kugereranya. Telefoni nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwirinda guturika zitanga amanota ya IP66 cyangwa IP67, zirinda burundu kwinjira kw’umukungugu no kurwanya amazi menshi cyangwa kwibira mu mazi by’agateganyo.

Guhitamo ibikoresho bigena kuramba igihe kirekire. Polyester yongerewe imbaraga mu kirahure (GRP) itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti n'imirasire ya UV, bigatuma iba nziza cyane ku nganda zikora imiti ku nkombe. Aloyide ya aluminiyumu yo mu bwoko bwa marine ikoreshwa mu nganda rusange, mu gihe icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316L ari cyo gipimo cya zahabu ku mbuga zo mu nyanja bitewe n'uko kidapfa kwangirika mu buryo budasanzwe mu gihe cy'umunyu. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba gutegeka ko igipimo cya IK10 kidapfa kwangirika, bakareba ko igipfunyika gishobora kwihanganira ingaruka za 20-joule kitabangamiye ubuziranenge bwacyo bwo kwirinda guturika.

Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi mu gukoresha amajwi, amajwi, n'imbaraga

Mu nyubako aho urusaku rwo mu kirere ruhora rurenga 80 dB kugeza 90 dB, ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kumva amajwi ntibuhagije. Telefoni idaturika igomba kuba ifite mikoro zigezweho zikuraho urusaku hamwe na amplifiers. Indirimbo cyangwa beacons zo hanze zikunze kuba ngombwa, bisaba ko urusaku ruturuka hagati ya 90 dB na 110 dB rushobora kumvikana hejuru y’imashini ziremereye.

Imiterere y'amashanyarazi nayo ni ingenzi. Moderi za VoIP/SIP zigezweho zikunze gukoresha Power over Ethernet (PoE) zikurikiza amahame ya IEEE 802.3af (15.4W) cyangwa 802.3at (30W), ibyo byoroshya ishyirwaho ry'amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhuza ingufu n'amakuru mu mugozi umwe. Sisitemu za analog zikunze kwishingikiriza kuriingufu z'umurongo zituruka kuri PBX(kuva kuri 24VDC kugeza kuri 48VDC) cyangwa bisaba ingufu z'amashanyarazi ya AC yo mu gace (110-230VAC) kugira ngo itware amajwi yo hanze afite decibel nyinshi n'amatara agaragara.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya amahitamo ya telefoni adashobora guturika

Iyo ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki bimaze gushyirwaho, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kunyura mu buryo bugaragara mu bagurisha. Kugereranya amahitamo bikubiyemo gusesengura uburyo bw’ubwirinzi bw’abagurisha n’ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho kugira ngo harebwe ko bihuzwa neza n’ibikorwa remezo by’aho bakorera.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gukoresha mu kugereranya umucuruzi

Mu kugenzura abatanga ibicuruzwa bashobora kuba abaguzi, abaguzi b'inganda bagomba gushyira imbere ibipimo by'ubwizerwe byagaragaye hamwe n'ubudahinduka bw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'ubwiza ni igihe hagati y'ibyangiritse (MTBF). Telefoni zidashobora guturika mu nganda zigomba kugaragaza ko MTBF imara amasaha arenga 50.000 mu gihe idakora. Amagambo y'ingwate nayo akora nk'ishingiro ry'ubwiza; abakora ibicuruzwa bizwi bakunze gutanga ubwishingizi bw'imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 3.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho byihariye byo mu gace gashobora guteza akaga akenshi bigira igihe kirekire cyo gukora. Abaguzi bagomba kwitega igihe gisanzwe cyo kwishyura cy’ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 8, nubwo imiterere yihariye irimo relays zihariye cyangwa fibre-optic terminations ishobora kugera ku byumweru 12. Byongeye kandi, umubare muto w’ibikoresho byo gutumiza (MOQs) ugomba gusuzumwa; mu gihe imishinga minini yujuje ibisabwa ku buryo bworoshye, kubungabunga cyangwa gushyiraho ibikoresho by’icyitegererezo bishobora gusaba abacuruzi biteguye gutanga ibikoresho kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 5 nta kiguzi kinini cyane.

Ni ibihe bihurirano biri hagati ya moderi za analog, VoIP, na SIP

Guhitamo hagati y’imiterere ya analog, VoIP, na SIP bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwo gushyiramo amakuru n’ubushobozi bwa sisitemu. Terefone za analog zizewe cyane, zikoresha ibikorwa remezo by’umuringa bya kera bifite insinga ebyiri, kandi zishobora kohereza ibimenyetso mu ntera irenga metero 5.000 nta kongera ingufu. Ariko, nta bikoresho byo gusuzuma bigezweho kandi bisaba imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi itandukanye ku bikoresho bikomeye byo gutanga ibimenyetso.

Ku rundi ruhande, telefoni za VoIP na SIP zihuzwa mu buryo butaziguye n’imiyoboro igezweho ya IP-PBX, zitanga imicungire ya kure, kugenzura SNMP, no gutanga raporo y’amakosa yo kwisuzuma. Ihuriro ry’ibanze ni intera iri hagati y’intera; Ethernet isanzwe igabanya uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru kugeza kuri metero 100, bikaba ngombwa ko habaho imashini zihindura amakuru za fiber-optic cyangwa se zihindura amakuru mu buryo bwizewe kugira ngo haboneke amakuru menshi.

Intambwe zo gutanga amasoko, gushyiraho no kubungabunga

Kugura ibikoresho ni igice gito cyane cy'igihe cyo kubikoresha. Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutanga ibikoresho, amabwiriza akomeye yo kubipima, n'uburyo bwo kubishyiraho neza birakenewe kugira ngo sisitemu ya nyuma ikomeze kuba nziza kandi idaturika.

Uburyo bwo gusobanurira abatanga serivisi no gusuzuma inyandiko

Gutanga ibikoresho by’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga birengaicyemezo gisanzwe cya ISO 9001Abacuruzi bagomba kuba bafite Itangazo ry’Ubuziranenge rya ATEX (QAN) cyangwa Raporo y’Ubuziranenge ya IECEx (QAR). Ibi byemezo bitegeka uruganda gukomeza gukurikirana neza ibice byose by’ingenzi, bakareba ko igikoresho cyatanzwe gihuye n’icyitegererezo cyapimwe n’ikigo cyabimenyeshejwe.

Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusaba ipaki yuzuye y’inyandiko mbere yo kohereza. Iyi dosiye igomba kuba ikubiyemo Itangazo ry’Uburyo bwo Gukurikiza Amategeko (DoC), ibyemezo by’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, ibitabo by’abakoresha, n’amategeko yihariye yo gukoresha (akenshi agaragazwa na 'X' ku iherezo ry’inomero y’icyemezo). Inyandiko zibura zishobora gutuma habaho guhomba ako kanya mu gihe cy’igenzura ry’umutekano w’aho hantu.

Ibyo ugomba kugenzura mu gihe cyo gupima ko wemerewe n'uruganda

Isuzuma ry’Uruganda (FAT) ni inzira y’ingenzi mbere yuko ibikoresho biva mu ruganda. Abaguzi bagomba gusaba amabwiriza ya FAT agenzura itumanaho neza ndetse n’ibipimo by’umutekano. Isuzuma ry’amajwi rigomba kwemeza ko guhagarika urusaku rwa mikoro bikora neza mu gihe cy’urusaku rw’inyuma rwa nibura 85 dB.

Ibizamini by'umutekano w'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane. Ku bikoresho bikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ibizamini by'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi (bikunze gukoreshwa 1.5kV AC mu gihe cy'umunota 1) bitanga ubuziranenge ku bushyuhe. Inganda zizwiho kubika igipimo cy'ubusembwa kiri munsi ya 0.5% mu gihe cy'ibinure. Ibikoresho byose bidafite icyo bipimo bigomba gushyirwa mu kato no kuvugururwa mbere yo koherezwa.

Uburyo bwo gutegura isuzuma ry'aho hantu, gushyiraho no gushyiramo ibikoresho

Kwitegura gushyiraho bitangirana n'isuzuma rirambuye ry'aho insinga zinyura, urusaku rwo mu kirere, n'aho zishyirwa. Abashyiraho insinga bagomba kwitondera cyane uburyo insinga zinjira; telefoni zidashobora guturika zikunze kuba zifite insinga za M20 cyangwa 1/2-inch NPT. Gukoresha insinga zemewe za Ex d cyangwa Ex e ni itegeko, kuko insinga isanzwe izakuraho igipimo cy'umutekano cy'insinga zose.

Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no korohereza abantu kubona telefoni bisaba ko telefoni zigomba gushyirwa ku burebure bwa metero 1.2 kugeza 1.5 (santimetero 47 kugeza 59) uvuye ku rwego rwo hejuru (FFL), hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ADA cyangwa ayo mu gace aho bikenewe. Nyuma yo gushyiraho, hagomba gushyirwaho gahunda ikomeye yo kuzisana, igenzura rikorwa buri mezi 6 kugeza 12 kugira ngo harebwe niba igifuniko cyangiritse, ingese ku nzira z'umuriro, ndetse n'ubuziranenge bw'insinga z'icyuma.

Uburyo bwo gufata icyemezo cya nyuma cyo kugura

Umwanzuro wa nyuma wo gutanga amasoko usaba guhuza ibikenewe mu bya tekiniki n'ukuri kw'imari. Mu guhuza uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho n'urwego rw'ibyemezo, ibigo bishobora guhitamo ibikoresho bitanga umutekano n'imikorere myiza cyane.

Ni ibihe bintu bifasha mu kugabanya amahitamo

Gusobanura neza uko ibintu bizakoreshwa bigabanya cyane umusaruro w’ibikoresho bifatika. Urugero, icyuma gicukura mu mazi gihura n’ibidukikije birimo umunyu n’ikirere kibi cyane bisaba telefoni ya SIP ya 316L, ifite ubushobozi bwa IP67 hamwe n’icyuma gitanga urumuri cya 110 dB. Ubu buryo busanzwe bugabanywa mu giciro kiri hagati ya $1,800 na $2,800+ kuri buri gikoresho.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya imiti cyangwa imiti gikorera mu gace ka Zone 1 gishobora gusa gukoresha telefoni ya analogue ifite agaciro ka GRP, IP66. Hatabayeho ko hari ikibazo cyokwirinda ikirere cyanecyangwa itumanaho rigoye rya IP, iyi ngingo yemerera ingamba zo gutanga amasoko zihendutse, hamwe n’ibikoresho byizewe biri hagati ya $800 na $1,500. Kumenya ibi byiciro byihariye birinda gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rirenze urugero no gusesagura amafaranga y’imari.

Ni iyihe ngingo y'ibyemezo ihuza ikoranabuhanga, amasoko, na ope

ibiryo

Umwanzuro wo kugura neza ushingiye ku giciro rusange cy’umutungo (TCO) cyasuzumwe mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 y’inganda. Amatsinda y’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi ashyira imbere kubahiriza amategeko, MTBF, no guhuza sisitemu. Gutanga amasoko bibanda ku mafaranga ya mbere akoreshwa mu gushora imari (CAPEX), igihe cyo kwishyura, n’amasezerano y’umucuruzi. Amatsinda y’imikorere n’imicungire y’ibikoresho areba amafaranga akoreshwa mu gushora imari (OPEX), yibanda ku koroshya gusana, kuboneka kw’ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, n’ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma.

Mu gukoresha moderi za SIP/VoIP, ibigo bishobora guhura n’ikibazo cyo kuba CAPEX y’ibanze iri hejuru ya 20% kugeza kuri 40% ugereranije na sisitemu za analog. Ariko, OPEX igabanuka cyane bitewe n’ubushobozi bwo kugenzura kure, ibyo bigatuma hadakenewe igenzura ry’ibikoresho kugira ngo harebwe uko igikoresho gihagaze. Amaherezo, guhuza ibi bintu bitatu by’ingenzi mu nzego z’ingenzi bituma telefoni yatoranijwe idaturika itanga amategeko akomeye y’umutekano, imikorere myiza y’imari, n’ubufasha mu mikorere ya buri munsi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha telefoni irinda guturika
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ikihe cyemezo cya telefoni idaturika igomba kugira ku rubuga rwanjye?

Huza telefoni n'agace kawe gashobora guteza akaga: ATEX/IECEx ku mishinga myinshi mpuzamahanga, hamwe n'agace gakwiye, itsinda rya gaze, n'urwego rw'ubushyuhe nka Zone 1, IIC, T6.

Ese igipimo cya IP66 cyangwa IP67 gihagije ku mishinga y’inganda iteza akaga?

Birafasha, ariko ntibihagije byonyine. Koresha IP66/IP67 kugira ngo urinde ivumbi n'amazi, hanyuma wemeze ko telefoni ifite icyemezo gikenewe cyo kwirinda guturika muri ako gace.

Ni izihe nganda zisanzwe zikenera telefoni zirinda guturika?

Bikunze gukoreshwa mu mazu acukurwamo peteroli na gaze, inganda zikora imiti, ahantu ho kunywera amabuye y'agaciro, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu bigega bicukurwamo lisansi, no mu nyubako zishobora kwangiza ivumbi nk'aho zitunganyirizwa ibinyampeke.

Ni gute nakwemeza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo byo kubitanga byizewe na Siniwo?

Reba ibyemezo nka ATEX, CE, FCC, ROHS, na ISO9001, hanyuma ubaze igihe cyo gukoresha. Siniwo ivuga kandi ko ikora ibirenga 90% by'ibice by'ingenzi mu nzu kugira ngo igire ubuziranenge buhamye.

Ese Siniwo ishobora gushyigikira umushinga wose, atari ugutanga telefoni gusa?

Yego. Nk’uko siniwo.com ibivuga, Siniwo itanga serivisi z’itumanaho ry’inganda zitangwa ahantu hamwe harimo gushushanya, guhuza, gushyiramo, kubungabunga, n’ibindi bifitanye isano nka PA, paging, na VoIP.