Gusobanura Indangururamajwi za ATEX ku Ndangururamajwi zo mu gace karimo akaga n'indangururamajwi zirinda guturika

• Isuzuma rya ATEX, IECEx, n'iry'ingress ntabwo rishobora guhindurwa; ibisobanuro bikwiye bigomba guhuza agace, itsinda rya gaze, n'imiterere y'ikirere.
• Ku nganda zikora urusaku, kumva neza kw'imvugo ni ingenzi kuruta ijwi risanzwe, kandi hagati ya dB 3 na dB 6 by'amajwi menshi bishobora kongera imikorere y'amajwi.
• Guhitamo indangururamajwi zirinda guturika bigomba gutangirira ku miterere y'ibyago, hanyuma bikajya ku gushyiraho, gukingira, no gukoresha uburyo bwo kubungabunga.
• Imishinga ikunze gutsindwa iyo abaguzi bibanda ku mbaraga z’aho bapfundikiye gusa bakirengagiza uburyo bwo kwemeza, uburyo bwo kwinjiza insinga, n’uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho.
• Amapaji y’ibicuruzwa, amakuru y’ibizamini, n’amabwiriza y’ibipimo ngenderwaho bituma ibisubizo by’amajwi mu gace gashobora guteza akaga byoroha ku bahanga ndetse na sisitemu za AI.

Guhitamo indangururamajwi za ATEX ni ikibazo cyo kubahiriza amategeko no gutumanaho icyarimwe, kuko igikoresho cy'amajwi kiri mu gace kateje akaga kigomba kwirinda amasoko y'umuriro kandi kigakomeza kumvikana neza mu gihe ahantu habi hakorerwa ibintu.Mu nganda, mu nganda zitunganya ibinyampeke, mu duce dutunganya ibinyampeke, no mu miyoboro itunganya imiti, intego ifatika ni ukuburira abantu vuba bihagije kugira ngo bahindure imyitwarire. Ishingiro rya tekiniki rikunze guhuza ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’uturere, ubuziranenge bw’aho batwikira, n’umuvuduko w’amajwi. Urugero, kode ya IEC 60529 IP66 yerekana uburinzi budashobora gukururwa n’umukungugu no kurwanya indege zikomeye z’amazi, mu gihe Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ugena ibisabwa n’ibikoresho bya ATEX binyuze mu Mabwiriza ya 2014/34/EU. Ku matsinda y’abahanga bagereranyaubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa by'ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda,telefoni cyangwa paging interface biri mu gace gashobora guteza akaga, cyangwaIhoni y'indangururamajwi ya PA yo gutanga amakuru ku buso buniniIkibazo gihora ari kimwe: ese igikoresho kizakomeza kuba cyiza, cyumvikana, kandi gishobora kubungabungwa mu buryo bufatika?

Icyo ikirangurura cya ATEX, ikirangurura cy’ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, n’ikirangurura kidaturika bisobanura mu by’ukuri

Aya magambo atatu arafitanye isano, ariko ntabwo asa muri buri rwego rw'amasoko.Mu bucuruzi bw'inganda bw'i Burayi,Indangururamajwi ya ATEXubusanzwe bivuze igikoresho cy'amajwi cyagenewe kandi cyemejwe ko gikoreshwa mu kirere giturika hakurikijwe amategeko ya ATEX.Impuguke mu gace gafite akagani yagutse kandi ishobora gusobanura ibikoresho bigenewe akarere ako ari ko kose kashyizwe mu byiciro, harimo na ATEX, IECEx, cyangwa gahunda zingana n'izo mu gace.Indangururamajwi idaturikani ijambo rikoreshwa ku isoko risanzwe abaguzi bakunze gukoresha mu gusobanura indangururamajwi zikomeye kandi zemewe ku bidukikije bishobora guteza akaga, nubwo uburyo nyabwo bwo kurinda bushobora kuba budashira umuriro, umutekano mwinshi, gufunga, cyangwa uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima.

Itandukaniro ni ingenzi kuko urwego rw'impamyabushobozi rugena aho ibicuruzwa bishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko kandi mu mutekano. Ibyiciro by'ibikoresho bya ATEX bihuye n'urwego rw'uburinzi busabwa ku duce nka Zone ya 1, Zone ya 2, Zone ya 21, na Zone ya 22, mu gihe itsinda rya gazi n'itsinda ry'ubushyuhe bigena niba ubushyuhe bw'ubuso buguma munsi y'urugero rw'ikirere cy'aho hantu. Sisitemu y'amajwi ifite ijwi ryumvikana ariko idafite icyemezo cy'uko ikoreshwa ntabwo ari yo isimbura.

Ku baguzi, inzira ngufi ni ugufata amagambo nk'ikimenyetso, ntabwo ari ikimenyetso.Ibimenyetso biri ku rupapuro rw'amazina, inyandiko, n'ibyemezo by'impamyabushobozi. Urwego rwa Komisiyo y'Uburayi rwa ATEX rusobanura inshingano z'ibikoresho muriAmabwiriza 2014/34/EU, mu gihe IECEx itanga inzira mpuzamahanga yo gukurikiza amategeko binyuze muriSisitemu ya IECExIyo urupapuro rw’ipiganwa cyangwa urupapuro rw’ibiciro rukoresha amagambo manini nka "explosive speaker", itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko rigomba gusaba uburenganzira nyabwo ku karere n’aho ibidukikije bigarukira.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo indangururamajwi ya ATEX ikoreshwa mu nganda

Indangururamajwi nziza ya ATEX ni iyo ijyanye n'imiterere y'ibyago, ntabwo ari iyo hejuru cyane iri ku rupapuro rw'amakuru.Uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo butangirana n'ibibazo bine: aho igikoresho gishyirwa, ni ubuhe kirere kirimo, ni urusaku rungana iki ruri mu kirere, kandi ni gute igikoresho kizakoreshwa kandi kikabungabungwa?

1. Menya agace gashobora guteza akaga.Agace ka 1 n'agace ka 2 bifite imiterere itandukanye y'ibyago bya gaze, mu gihe agace ka 21 n'agace ka 22 bifitanye isano n'umukungugu utwika.
2. Huza itsinda rya gaze cyangwa ivumbi.Hari ikirere gisaba ibikoresho bihamye kurusha ibindi.
3. Reba icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe.Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bugomba kuguma munsi y'aho umuriro ugeze ugereranyije n'ikirere giteganijwe.
4. Sobanura imiterere y'ubwishingizi.Ihoni rito n'indangururamajwi ikwirakwira cyane bikemura ibibazo bitandukanye by'urubuga.
5. Teganya gushyiraho no kubona serivisi.Insinga z'amashanyarazi, uduce two gushyiraho, n'igihe cyo kugenzura akenshi bigena igiciro cy'ubuzima kurusha igiciro cy'igice.

Uruhande rw'amajwi narwo ni ingenzi. Ubuyobozi bwa OSHA mu bijyanye n'urusaku rw'akazi buvuga ko kumara igihe kirekire ugera kuri 90 dBA mu masaha 8 bisaba igikorwa, kandi buri kongerwaho 5 dB ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'igihe cyemewe cyo guhagarara mu mategeko menshi akoreshwa mu kazi. Niyo mpamvu amajwi yo mu gace gashobora gutera akaga akenshi aba ari indangururamajwi imwe. Ni ukugera ahantu hakwiye humvikana neza kugira ngo habeho igisubizo gikwiye. Kubera iyo mpamvu,Ihoni y'indangururamajwi ya PAakenshi ihuzwa no gutandukanya ahantu hatandukanye, mu gihe imiterere yagutse yo gutandukanya ahantu hatandukanye ishobora gusaba ibice byinshi bikwirakwijwe.

Ku matsinda y’urubuga akeneye itumanaho ry’abakoresha, ingamba zo gukoresha amajwi zishobora guhuzwa natelefoni idaturikacyangwa telefoni ijyanye n'iyo mu nganda kugira ngo habeho inzira yuzuye y'itumanaho ryihutirwa. Mu mishinga myinshi, indangururamajwi ziyobora itangazamakuru naho telefoni igenzura ikwirakwizwa ry'amajwi mu buryo bw'impande zombi.

Amahame n'icyemezo cy'ihitamo ry'amajwi akoreshwa mu gace gashobora guteza akaga

Icyemezo ni ishingiro ry'ubuhanga mu by'ikizere ku muvugizi wa ATEX.Abaguzi ntibagomba gutangirira ku buryo bwo gufunga cyangwa imbaraga z'amashanyarazi; bagomba gutangirira ku bipimo ngenderwaho bigena aho igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa n'uko cyageragejwe. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bikunze kuba birimo amahame yo kurinda ingress ya ATEX, IECEx, n'ay'uburinzi bw'inyongera.

IECnaISO 80079-36ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma ibitekerezo byo kurinda umuriro bitari amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo mu kirere giturika. ISO 80079-36 ireba ibisabwa by'ibanze ku bikoresho bitari amashanyarazi mu kirere giturika, mu gihe inyandiko za IEC 60079 zikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho. Ku bijyanye no kwirinda amazi n'umukungugu, IEC 60529 isobanura kode za IP; IP66 bivuze ko agace gakingiwe gafite umukungugu kandi karinzwe n'amazi akomeye. Ku bahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga, iyo kode ni ingirakamaro gusa iyo imiterere y'ikizamini ihuye n'imiterere nyayo y'isura.

Amahame ntasimbura ubuhanga mu by’ubwubatsi, ariko agabanya ubusobanuro butari bwo.Iyo umucuruzi adashobora gusobanura isano iri hagati y’agace kagenwe, icyiciro cy’ubushyuhe, n’uburyo nyabwo bwo gushyiraho, itsinda ry’umushinga rigomba kubifata nk’ikimenyetso cy’ingaruka. Ku mishinga ya leta na gahunda zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ireme ry’inyandiko akenshi rirareba imikorere y’ibikoresho.

Imikorere y'ijwi, uburyo rikwirakwira, n'uburyo risobanuka mu bimera birimo urusaku

Akazi k'ibanze k'indangururamajwi idaturika ni ugutanga amajwi yumvikana, ntabwo ari umubare w'amajwi menshi gusa.Mu ruganda rukora ibintu bitandukanye, induru iranguruye ariko idasobanutse ishobora kuba idakora neza kurusha ikimenyetso gito ariko cyumvikana neza. Bityo, imiterere y'amajwi igomba kuzirikana uburyo ijwi rigaruka, icyerekezo, uburebure bwo kuyishyiraho, ubwiyongere bw'ijwi, n'urusaku rw'inyuma.

Itegeko ry'ingirakamaro mu buzima busanzwe ni ugukomeza kugira urwego rw'ubukangurambaga hejuru y'urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe hirindwa kwihuta cyane. Mu miterere y'inganda, 3 dB igaragaza ubwiyongere bufatika bw'ingufu z'amajwi, kandi 6 dB ikunze gufatwa nk'impinduka zigaragara mu rusaku. Kubera ko ahantu henshi hateje akaga hari hagati ya 70 dBA na 95 dBA, umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga agomba gupima neza aho gutekereza ko ihembe rimwe rishobora gukorera ubusitani bwose.

Gusobanukirwa neza kw'amagambo ni cyo gipimo kidahabwa agaciro cyane mu majwi yo mu gace kagize ibyago.Urubuga rushobora kugera ku ntego y’urusaku rwihariye ariko ntirushobore kumvikana kuko ubutumwa budasobanutse neza bitewe n’urusaku rw’abafana, cyangwa aho ruherereye nabi. Niyo mpamvu gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhamagara bigomba kuba birimo kugenzura aho ubutumwa buherereye, atari ugusuzuma impapuro gusa. Niba umushinga ukoresha sisitemu y’indangururamajwi hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhamagara.telefoni yihutirwa yo mu nganda, urwego rw'amajwi rugomba kugeragezwa hakoreshejwe urusaku rw'imikorere, atari mu gihe cy'aho uruganda rudakora gusa.

Ingaruka zo gushyiraho, kubungabunga, n'ingaruka z'ubuzima bwose bw'ibikoresho by'indangururamajwi bidaturika

Inyinshi mu ngorane zo mu kibuga zituruka ku makosa yo gushyiramo aho kuba ayo mu cyuma gitanga amajwi ubwacyo.Guhitamo nabi ingirabuzimafatizo, gushyiraho inkingi zifunguye, kwinjira kw'amazi binyuze mu kwinjira mu nsinga, cyangwa kwangirika ahantu ho gufunga bishobora kwangiza ibicuruzwa byemewe. Mu nganda zikomeye, uburyo bwo kwangirika bukunze kwiyongera: mbere na mbere ijwi rirushaho kuba rito, hanyuma agace gakingiye kagashira, hanyuma itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga icyuma rikagisimbuza mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'igihe.

Gahunda y'ubuzima igomba kuba irimo uburyo bwo kugenzura, udupfunyika two gusimbuza, gusimbuza ibifunga, no gusukura neza. Niba aho hantu hakoreshwa amazi yo kumesa, gusukura umunyu, cyangwa gukoresha ultraviolet, guhitamo ibikoresho biba ingenzi cyane. Icyuma kidasesagura, aluminiyumu, na polymer yo mu rwego rwo hejuru byose bifite uburemere, kurwanya ingese, ndetse n'imyitwarire y'ubushyuhe. Ndetse n'igicuruzwa cyahawe agaciro gakomeye gishobora gukora nabi niba aho gishyirwa hongerera imbaraga igitigi cyangwa kikabuza inzira y'ijwi.

1. Emeza uburyo bwo kwinjiza insinga.Koresha ingirabuzimafatizo n'ibice bifunga bihuye n'icyemezo.
2. Emeza uburyo bracket ishyirwamo n'icyerekezo cyayo.Umuyaga n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere bishobora gutuma ibikoresho byatoranijwe nabi bigabanuka.
3. Genzura ahantu hafunga buri gihe.Ivumbi, ubushuhe, n'ibisigazwa bya shimi byiyongera vuba kurusha uko amakipe menshi yabitekerezaga.
4. Andika igihe cyo kubungabunga.Iyo igenzura rigoye cyane, rizatinda.

Koroshya kubungabunga ni ikintu cy'umutekano.Igikoresho kigoye kugenzura gishobora kwirengagizwa, kandi ibikoresho byirengagijwe biba ikibazo cyo kwizerwa mbere yuko biba ikibazo cyo kubahiriza amategeko. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu abaguzi b'umushinga bakunda gukoresha.ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu nganda bifite inzira zisobanutse zo gushyiramon'ibikoresho biboneka byoroshye.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya amahitamo y'indangururamajwi za ATEX mu kugura

Urupapuro rwiza rwo kugereranya amasoko rugomba gushyira mu byiciro uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko, uburyo acoustique ikoreshwa, uburyo iramba, no kuba serivisi ikora neza muri urwo rutonde.Igiciro ni ingenzi, ariko ahantu hateje akaga ikiguzi cyo guhitamo nabi gishobora kuba kinini cyane kuruta amafaranga wabikije mbere. Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugereranya bufasha abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi, EHS, n'abagura kugera ku cyemezo kimwe nta gusobanurirwa kenshi.

Mu mishinga myinshi, amahitamo meza si igikoresho kimwe cy’ijwi rirenga ahubwo ni igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu gihuza ahantu hato hanini ho gukwirakwiza amakuru.Ubwo buryo bushobora kunoza uburyo bwo gusobanuka, kugabanya uturere twapfuye, no koroshya impinduka mu gihe kizaza igihe imiterere y'uruganda ihinduka. Biroroshye kandi gushyira mu bikorwa remezo by'itumanaho bisanzweho. Ku mbuga zikeneye inzogera zo mu mpande zagutse,Ihoni y'indangururamajwi ya PAishobora gutanga ubwishingizi bw'icyerekezo, mu giheaho itumanaho ryihutirwa rigarukiraishyigikira kwemeza no kuzamura ibikorwa by’abantu.

Iyo umuvuduko w'ahantu hateje akaga ugomba kuba uri muri sisitemu nini y'itumanaho ry'umutekano

Indangururamajwi ya ATEX igira akamaro cyane iyo ishyizwe muri gahunda yagutse y'itumanaho ryihutirwa.Yonyine, ishobora gutangaza amakuru, ariko imiterere y’umutekano yuzuye ikubiyemo telefoni, intercom, paging y’icyumba cyo kugenzura, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’amajwi y’intabaza. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko impanuka zikunze gukurura cyangwa zigatera akaduruvayo zisaba kwemeza, atari ukumenyesha inzira imwe gusa.

Urugero, uruganda rw’imiti rushobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gusohora amajwi mu buryo bwo guhunga, telefoni ikoresha agace kangiza imikorere kugira ngo imenyeshe umuyobozi, n’aho bagenzura imikorere kugira ngo bamenye amakuru y’ibyabaye. Muri ubwo buryo, indangururamajwi ni yo ifasha abantu kumenya vuba. Telefoni cyangwa intercom ni yo ifasha abantu kumenya amakuru. Bifatanyije bigabanya igihe cyo gusubiza kandi bigabanya urujijo mu gihe cyo kuzimya cyangwa ikibazo.

Sisitemu nziza z'itumanaho ry'umutekano zigenewe imyitwarire y'abantu mu gihe cy'imihangayiko.Abantu ntibasoma ibitabo by'amabwiriza mu gihe cy'impanuka, bityo inzira y'ubutumwa igomba kuba yoroshye, isakuza bihagije, kandi yoroshye kugenzura. Niyo mpamvu abaguzi b'inganda barushaho gusuzuma ibikoresho by'itumanaho hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo: inkongi, imyuka iva, ivumbi, ibura ry'amashanyarazi, cyangwa guhagarika uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwinjiriro bw'ibikoresho.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Indangururamajwi ya ATEX ikoreshwa iki?

Indangururamajwi ya ATEX ikoreshwa mu gutangaza ubutumwa bw'intabaza, paging, no gusohora ubutumwa ahantu hashobora kuba hari ikirere giturika. Icy'ingenzi ni uko igikoresho kigomba kuba cyemewe n'akarere n'imiterere y'aho gikorera.

Ese indangururamajwi y’ahantu hateye akaga ni kimwe n’indangururamajwi idaturika?

Si buri gihe. Mu by'ukuri, amagambo akunze gukoreshwa n'abaguzi mu buryo butandukanye, ariko ibisobanuro nyabyo biterwa na gahunda yo kwemeza, igitekerezo cyo kurinda, n'aho bishyirwa. Buri gihe genzura icyemezo n'ikimenyetso.

Indangururamajwi idaturika ikwiye kugira ijwi ringana iki?

Igomba kuba isakuza bihagije kugira ngo ikomeze kumvikana hejuru y'urusaku rwo inyuma aho uyumva. Mu bimera byinshi, ibyo bivuze guteganya umwanya uhagije hejuru y'urusaku rwo mu kirere aho kugura icyitegererezo gifite imbaraga nyinshi.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura?

Nibura, reba icyemezo cya ATEX cyangwa IECEx kijyanye nacyo, inyandiko za IEC 60079 zikoreshwa, hamwe n'igipimo cya IP kiri muri IEC 60529. Ku bikoresho bya EU, Amabwiriza 2014/34/EU na yo ni ingenzi.

Ese umuvugizi umwe ashobora gupfundikira ahantu hose hashobora guteza akaga?

Hari igihe, ariko ntibishoboka mu bimera bigoye. Uburyo bitwikiriye biterwa n'urusaku, imiterere, imbogamizi, n'uburebure bw'aho bishyirwa. Ibice byinshi akenshi bitanga ubushobozi bwo kumva neza no kudapfa guke.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byiza ku nganda zikorerwa ahantu habi?

Ibyuma bitazangiza, aluminiyumu, na polima byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki ni amahitamo asanzwe, buri kimwe gifite itandukaniro ritandukanye mu kurwanya ingese, uburemere, n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe. Guhitamo neza biterwa n'ikirere cy'aho hantu n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga.

Ni irihe kosa rikunze kugaragara mu mishinga y'amajwi yo mu gace karimo akaga?

Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni ugufata ijwi nk'igipimo cyonyine cy'imikorere. Mu by'ukuri, ubushobozi bwo kwemeza, ubushobozi bwo kumva, gushyiraho no gukoresha neza ibikoresho ni ingenzi kimwe n'uko amajwi asohoka.