Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho indangururamajwi zo hanze kuri sisitemu nini yo gutumanaho ya PA mu bubiko

• Ibigega binini bikeneye guteganya uburyo bwo kubicunga, atari indangururamajwi gusa.
• Indangururamajwi zo hanze zikora neza iyo imiterere, uburebure bwo gushyiraho, n'imiterere y'aho inyubako iherereye bihuye n'imiterere yayo.
• Ubushobozi bwo kumva no guhangana n'ikirere ni ingenzi cyane kuruta imbaraga zoroshye.
• Ingufu zo gukingira, uburyo bwo kubungabunga, na gahunda yo gupima amakuru mu gihe cy’impanuka bigomba gutegurwa kuva mu ntangiriro.
• Sisitemu za PA z'inganda zigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ikoreshwa: gukusanya amakuru asanzwe, guhungisha abantu, cyangwa guhuza ibikorwa.

Indangururamajwi yo hanze ya sisitemu nini y'itumanaho ya PA igomba gukemura ibibazo bitatu icyarimwe: gupfuka urusaku, ikirere gikwirakwira, no gusobanukirwa neza ubutumwa. Igipimo gifatika ni uko ahantu henshi h’inganda hakora urusaku rw’inyuma ruri hagati ya 80 na 95 dBA, bityo igishushanyo mbonera cya paging kigomba gushyiraho ikimenyetso gihagije kugira ngo imvugo ikomeze kumvikana. Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, inganda zikunze kuvugaIECubuyobozi bwo kohereza imvugo muriIEC 60268-16, mu gihe imiterere y'itumanaho ryihutirwa ikunze guhuzwa naOSHA 29 CFR 1910.165Niba ugereranya imiryango y'ibicuruzwa, bifasha gusuzuma urubuga rw'itumanaho ry'inganda rw'umutanga serivisi nkaurubuga rwo mu rugo, hamwe n'amapaji yibanzeho nkaibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa, terefone zo mu nganda, naibikoresho by'itumanaho bidakoresha intokigusobanukirwa uburyo urwego rwa paging ruhura n'ingamba nini zo gutumanaho mu bimera.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo indangururamajwi yo hanze yo gutumanaho mu bubiko

Ijwi ryo hanze rikoresha ijwi ry'iburyo ni ryo ritanga ijambo neza ku mwanya wa kure w'umukozi ritabanje gupfusha ubusa imbaraga cyangwa ngo ritere ibibazo byo kumva ijwi.

Gushyira amajwi mu bubiko si ikibazo cy’amajwi ku bakoresha. Inzira ndende, ibisenge by’icyuma, inzugi z’aho guparika, n’aho gufunguye byose bitanga urumuri n’ahantu hatameze neza. Inzira nto y’umuvuzi w’ihoni ifasha mu gutanga ikiganiro aho bikenewe, niyo mpamvu imiterere y’ihoni ikunze kugaragara mu nganda zikora ibikorwa byo mu nzu. Impuzandengo ni uko intego mbi cyangwa intera irenze urugero bishobora gutuma amatangazo arushaho kuba mabi cyangwa atari menshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gushyira umuvuzi mu nzu bigomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe uturere: kwakira, gutora, gupakira, gupakira imizigo, ubusitani, n’aho gusana. Buri gace kagomba kugira intego yako bwite yo gukwirakwiza no kugabanya ingano y’amazi, aho gushyira ahantu hamwe ku isi hose mu nyubako.

Itegeko ry'ingenzi ryo guhitamo ni iryoroshye: hitamo indangururamajwi ikoresha ihoni ishingiye ku miterere y'urumuri n'uburyo bwo kumva, ntabwo ari ukureba imbaraga z'amashanyarazi gusa.

Mu bubiko bunini, ihoni ya 15 W cyangwa 30 W ishobora kuba ihagije mu gace gaherereyemo, mu gihe agace k’aho urusaku rwinshi gashobora gukenera indangururamajwi nyinshi zifite ubwitonzi buhagije. Umusaruro nyakuri w’amajwi uterwa n’uburyo bwo kumva, imiterere y’imirasire, n’uburebure bwo kuyishyiraho. Abakora bakunze gusohora uburyo bwo kumva muri dB SPL kuri 1 W/1 m; indangururamajwi yo kumva cyane ishobora kugera ku rwego rw’intego ifite umutwaro muto wa amplifier. Ibyo ni ingenzi kuko sisitemu zikwirakwizwa zoroshye kuringaniza kandi akenshi zizewe kuruta intambwe imwe nini cyane yo gutanga umusaruro. Mu kazi k’umushinga, abahuza bagomba kandi kugenzura igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi ya cable, cyane cyane iyo ikora igihe kirekire muri sisitemu ya 70 V cyangwa 100 V ihoraho.

Imiterere ya sisitemu ya PA y'itumanaho mu bubiko ipima

Sisitemu yo guhanahana amakuru mu bubiko ishobora kwaguka igomba kubakwa nk'umuyoboro wa volteji idahinduka ufite ubushobozi bwo gusohora amakuru mu buryo bwihutirwa.

Ku nyubako nini, imiterere isanzwe ni ugushyira hamwe imbaraga hamwe n’indangururamajwi zo hanze, indangururamajwi zo mu bwoko bwa paging, na modules zo gukoresha uburyo bwo kumenyesha cyangwa kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira. Gukwirakwiza ingufu zihoraho birakunzwe kuko byoroshya insinga z’indangururamajwi nyinshi mu ntera ndende. Binatuma kwaguka mu gihe kizaza byoroha iyo ububiko bwongeyeho mezzanine, icyambu gishya, cyangwa ikibuga cyo kubikamo ibintu hanze. Sisitemu nziza zituma paging ya buri munsi itandukanye n’uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bwihutirwa kugira ngo amakuru y’ingenzi ashobore guhisha amatangazo asanzwe ako kanya.

Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko, ikibazo cy'ingenzi si ukumenya niba sisitemu ari analog cyangwa IP. Ikibazo nyacyo ni ukumenya niba ishobora gutanga ubutumwa bukwiye mu gace gakwiye mu masegonda make iyo hasi hari urusaku kandi abantu barimo kwimuka.

Mu itumanaho ryihutirwa, kwihuta mu gusubiza ni ingenzi. Ubuyobozi bwa OSHA ku igenamigambi ry’ibikorwa byihutirwa bushimangira uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru yihuse no guhunga, kandi niho sisitemu ya PA yakozwe neza ibona agaciro kayo. Niba sisitemu igomba kandi gushyigikira imirimo yo guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa mu nganda cyangwa guhuza n’ibindi bikoresho by’umutekano, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imiryango y’ibicuruzwa bishyigikira itumanaho rikomeye, nkatelefoni zihutirwanaterefone zirinda ikirereIbyo byiciro ni ingirakamaro mu gihe paging ari kimwe mu bice bigize gahunda yagutse y'itumanaho ry'ibihingwa.

Inama zo gushyira indangururamajwi hanze kugira ngo ububiko bunini bube butwikiriye

Aho indangururamajwi zishyirwa niho hagena niba sisitemu yumvikana nk'iya kinyamwuga cyangwa niba ari ijwi ryumvikana gusa.

Itegeko rya mbere ni ukureba indangururamajwi zikoresha amahoni ku bantu, atari ukureba ku gisenge cy’amahoni cyangwa ahantu hafunguye hatuma amajwi ava. Itegeko rya kabiri ni ukwirinda guhurirana cyane, bishobora gutuma habaho kuyungurura amahoni no kugabanya ubwumvikane. Itegeko rya gatatu ni ugufata uburyo bwo gutwikira hanze mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwo gutwikira imbere mu nzu, kuko umuyaga, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu mu kirere, n’amasura y’aho bafungura ibyuma bihindura imiterere y’amahoni. Mu by’ukuri, shyira amahoni hejuru y’uburebure bw’umutwe, uyahindure hasi gato, hanyuma uyagerageze mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bisanzwe iyo amahoni akoresha amakamyo, amafeni, na compressor arimo gukora.

1. Pima urusaku rw'inyuma muri buri gace mu gihe cy'ibikorwa byo hejuru.
2. Shyira ku ikarita aho utega amatwi kure cyane n'ahantu hashobora kugaragara.
3. Shyiraho intego y'imvugo irenga urusaku rw'ikirere ku rugero rufatika.
4. Shyiramo agace kamwe icyarimwe kandi urebe neza ko gasobanutse mbere yo gutangira gukoresha bwa nyuma.
5. Andika imiterere y'ijwi n'icyerekezo cy'indangururamajwi kugira ngo bizasanwe mu gihe kizaza.

Nta tegeko rigenga intera ikoreshwa kuri buri bubiko. Ikigo gikwirakwiza ibikoresho gifite ibisenge birebire gifite inzira zifunguye gikeneye imiterere itandukanye n'ububiko buto bw'inganda bufite inkuta zigabanyamo ibice. Niyo mpamvu gutangira gukoresha ibikoresho bigomba kuba birimo ibizamini by'ijwi ryumvikana, atari igenzura ry'imikorere y'amashanyarazi gusa. Umushinga utsinze ikizamini cy'amashanyarazi gusa ushobora gutsindwa mu kazi niba abakozi badashobora gusobanukirwa ubutumwa bw'itangazo cyangwa ubutumwa bwihutirwa.

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki by'ingenzi muri sisitemu y'inganda ya PA

Muri sisitemu y’inganda ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, ibipimo by’ikoranabuhanga by’ingenzi ni ubushobozi bwo kumva, gukoresha imbaraga, kurinda kwinjira, no gusobanukirwa neza imvugo.

Ku bikoresho biri mu kato gashobora kwangirika bitewe n’ikirere, agace gakwiye kuba gakwiriye imvura, ivumbi, n’imiraba y’urumuri rwa UV. Abaguzi bakunze gusaba amanota ya IP, ariko igisubizo cy’ingenzi ni kinini: inzu igomba kugumana ibidukikije byose, ntabwo ari ikizamini cyo gushyushya gusa. Ku nganda zo hanze, kurwanya ingese, ubwiza bw’insinga, n’igishushanyo mbonera cya gasket bishobora kuba ingenzi kimwe n’umushoferi ubwe. Mu nkengero z’inyanja cyangwa zegeranye n’ibinyabutabire, igihu cy’umunyu n’ubwandu bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukora iyo serivisi mu gihe ibi bisobanuro bitirengagijwe.

Iyi mibare si amakuru arambuye kuri kataloge gusa. Igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku birebana n'uko umuyobozi w'imodoka ashobora kwandika kuri terefone itwara abagenzi, niba itsinda rishinzwe umutekano rishobora gutangaza itegeko ryo kuva mu modoka, ndetse niba abakozi bo mu busitani bumva ubutumwa bwo ku cyambu mbere yuko ikamyo ihagera.

Ku byerekeye ingero zisanzwe, sisitemu z'amajwi zo mu nganda zikunze gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bushingiye kuIECamahame ngenderwaho y’amajwi, mu gihe ibyo abantu bategereje ku bipimo by’ibidukikije ku bikoresho bikomeye bishobora kuba birimo kwinjira no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije bikoreshwa n’abaguzi b’inganda. Aho bikenewe ko hatangwa icyemezo nyacyo, kugura ibikoresho bigomba gusaba raporo yihariye y’ibizamini, atari ikirego rusange.

Igihe cyo gukoresha telefoni irinda ikirere hamwe n'indangururamajwi yo hanze

Telefoni idahura n'ikirere ni igikoresho gikwiye iyo ububiko bukeneye ijwi ry'impande zombi, atari gusa uburyo bwo guhamagara iburyo bumwe.

Imishinga myinshi itangirira ku gitekerezo cy'uko umuvuzi wa horn ashobora gukemura ikibazo cyose cy'itumanaho. Ntabwo bishoboka. Kureba kuri paji ni byiza cyane mu gutanga amabwiriza yo gusakaza, ariko abagenzuzi, abakozi bo kubungabunga, abakozi bo mu irembo, n'amatsinda y'umutekano bakunze gukenera ibiganiro bitaziguye. Niyo mpamvu imishinga y'itumanaho ry'inganda ikunze guhuza uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru ku bakozi n'aho guhamagara bigoranye cyangwa telefoni idahura n'ikirere. Terefone ikora uburyo bwo guhuza inzira ebyiri; umuvuzi wa horn akorera kumenyesha abantu benshi. Bifatanyije, bigabanya gutinda no kutamenyana neza.

Niba urubuga rwawe rufite imbuga zo gupakira imizigo, amarembo yo ku nkengero z'umuhanda, cyangwa ahantu ho gusana hanze, ibikoresho by'inzira ebyiri biba bifite agaciro gakomeye kuko umuntu wakiriye ubutumwa ashobora kwemeza, gusobanura neza, cyangwa guhita azamuka. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo ahantu hari urusaku cyangwa umuntu yambaye utwuma two kurinda amatwi.

1. Koresha indangururamajwi y'ihoni mu gutangaza amakuru, kumenyesha amakuru, no gutangaza amakuru asanzwe.
2. Koresha telefoni ikomeye cyangwa intercom kugira ngo ugaragaze ko wakira neza kandi umenye neza niba hari ikibazo.
3. Guma imirimo yihutirwa itandukanye n'iy'amapaji atari ay'ingenzi.
4. Shyira ibikoresho byo guhamagara aho abantu bashobora kubona no kubona amakuru menshi mu gihe ikirere kibi.

Ku matsinda y’imishinga, ikibazo cy’itumanaho rihujwe akenshi ni ingenzi kurusha ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gicuruzwa. Urubuga ruhuza paging, guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa, no kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira rushobora gusubiza vuba kurusha urubuga rufata buri gikorwa nk’igura ryihariye.

Urutonde rw'ibyo abagura itumanaho mu bubiko bagomba guhitamo

Icyemezo cyiza cyo kugura ni icyo gukemura ibibazo bitatu bikomeye byo mu itumanaho ku rubuga mbere yuko igiciro kivugwaho.

Mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryo kugura, abaguzi bagomba kumenya aho ibintu bikorerwa, urusaku ruherereye, n'inzira ikenewe yo gusubiza. Ububiko butanga ibicuruzwa bufite ibyo bukeneye mu itumanaho bitandukanye n'uruganda rukora, ahantu hakonjesha, cyangwa ahantu ho gukorera ibikoresho hanze. Uko ibintu bimeze cyane, ni ko uburyo bwa nyuma buzaba bunini cyane mu gace kamwe kandi budakoreshwa neza mu kandi gace.

• Emeza niba ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi ari paging, evacuation, shift coordination, cyangwa byose uko ari bitatu.
• Pima urusaku rwo mu kirere mu gihe cy'imikorere ikomeye muri dBA.
• Menya uburyo bwo kureba hanze, harimo imvura, imirasire y'izuba, ivumbi n'ubushyuhe.
• Gutanga ikarita y'uturere hanyuma uhitemo aho itumanaho ry'impande zombi rikenewe.
• Reba ingufu zo gusimbuza hamwe n'ibisabwa mu gihe cy'impanuka.
• Saba kugenzura niba amakuru asobanutse neza mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha.

Ku mishinga minini, uburyo bwo kubungabunga bugomba no gushyirwa mu bipimo. Indangururamajwi bigoye kuyibona ishobora kuba ihendutse kuyigura ariko ihenze kuyitanga. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, sisitemu idafite gahunda y'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi ishobora kuba ikibazo iyo ububiko bumaze kwaguka cyangwa uwayishyizeho mbere atakiboneka.

Amakosa akunze kugaragara mu mishinga y'indangururamajwi zo hanze

Inyinshi mu ngorane za PA zo mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho ziterwa n'imiterere mibi ya sisitemu, ntabwo ziterwa n'indangururamajwi ifite inenge.

Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni ugupfobya urusaku rwo mu kirere. Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ugutekereza ko wattage nyinshi mu buryo bwikora bivuze ko ikora neza. Mu by'ukuri, ihoni rya 50 W ritumberejwe nabi rishobora kumvikana nabi kurusha ihoni rya 15 W rishyizwe mu mwanya waryo neza. Ikosa rya gatatu ni ukwirengagiza ibizamini by'ijwi rizima nyuma yo gushyirwaho. Niba sisitemu itigeze yumvikana mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'uruganda, ntabwo koko yashyizweho.

Mu gutanga amasoko, aya makosa ni ingenzi kuko atuma habaho ikiguzi cy’ubuzima cyihishe. Uburyo bwo kugura bugaragara nk'ubworoshye bushobora guhenda niba abakozi badashobora kubwishingikirizaho iyo imirimo ihuze cyangwa ibintu bikomeye.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere nyuma yo gushyiraho

Sisitemu ya PA yo mu bubiko igomba kwemezwa hakoreshejwe ibizamini byo kumva, atari impapuro gusa.

Gutangira akazi bigomba kuba birimo kugenzura aho ibintu bihurira n’ahantu, kugenzura neza imvugo ku gice cya kure, no kugenzura aho ibintu bihurira n’ikirere n’aho insinga zinjira. Mu nyubako nini, ni ingirakamaro kandi kugerageza sisitemu mu gihe cy’urusaku rusanzwe, atari mu nyubako ituje gusa. Niba ubutumwa bwumvikana iyo ibikoresho bya forklift, convoyeurs, n’inzugi z’aho ibintu biherereye, igishushanyo mbonera cyabyo gishobora kugira icyo gitanga mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi.

1. Gerageza buri gace uhereye ku isoko ry'ibanze rya paging.
2. Emeza ko ubutumwa bwihutirwa buhindura amatangazo asanzwe.
3. Reba ingano y'amazi hagati y'uturere twegeranye.
4. Andika imiterere y'ibanze y'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga mu gihe kizaza.
5. Subiramo ibizamini nyuma y'ukwezi kwa mbere k'ubuvuzi.

Iryo suzuma rya nyuma rigira akamaro kuko imiterere y’ububiko ihinduka vuba. Imiterere mishya y’aho ibintu bishyirwa, imashini zongeweho, cyangwa urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka mu gihe cy’umwaka bishobora guhindura urwego rw’amajwi bihagije ku buryo bisaba ko bihindurwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bijyanye n'Indangururamajwi zo hanze n'Uburyo bwo Gutumanaho mu Bubiko

Ni iyihe mashini nziza yo hanze ikoresha amajwi mu bubiko bunini?

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho ni sisitemu ya "continuous voltage" ifite indangururamajwi nyinshi zirinda ikirere, zishyizwe hejuru kandi zigamije gutwikira buri gice cy'akazi n'intera ihagije yo kuvuga hejuru y'urusaku rwo mu kirere.

Nkeneye watt zingahe kugira ngo nkoreshe paging y'ububiko?

Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imbaraga buterwa n'uburyo umuvugizi akoresha ijwi rye, intera, n'urwego rw'urusaku; porogaramu nyinshi zone paging zikoresha amahoni ya 15 W kugeza kuri 30 W, ariko ubushobozi bwo kumva ni bwo bw'ingenzi kuruta imbaraga z'umwimerere.

Ese nkwiye gukoresha IP paging cyangwa analog paging?

Koresha paging ya IP iyo ukeneye uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyoboro wa interineti, gucunga kure, cyangwa kugenzura inyubako nyinshi; koresha sisitemu za analog cyangwa hybrid iyo ushaka insinga zoroshye cyangwa ugomba guhuza ibikoresho bya kera.

Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho nkwiye gukoresha kugira ngo mvugire neza imvugo?

IEC 60268-16 ni imfashanyigisho izwi cyane mu isuzuma ry’ihererekanyamakuru ry’imvugo n’uburyo bwo kumva, kandi ni ingirakamaro mu kugena intego z’imikorere ya sisitemu z’inganda zishinzwe kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’amakuru.

Indangururamajwi y'ihoni ishobora gukwirakwira mu bubiko kugeza he?

Uburyo bwo gutwikira ibintu buterwa n'uburebure bw'aho bishyirwa, imiterere y'imirasire, urusaku rw'ikirere, n'uburyo intego igaragara; nta ntera imwe ingana n'inyubako zose, bityo igeragezwa ry'aho biherereye ni ngombwa.

Ese nanjye nkeneye telefoni irinda ikirere?

Niba urubuga rwawe rukeneye itumanaho ry’impande zombi ku marembo, ku cyambu, aho gusana, cyangwa aho gukorera hanze, telefoni irinda ikirere akenshi iba ari yo ikwiriye icyuma gitanga amajwi.

Ni irihe kosa rikomeye abaguzi bakora?

Ikosa rikomeye ni uguhitamo sisitemu hashingiwe ku giciro cyangwa imbaraga gusa aho guhitamo hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, uburyo bwo kuyasobanukirwa, n'ibisabwa mu itumanaho ryihutirwa.