Terefone zirinda guturika za ATEX na IECEx: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi ryasobanuwe

ATEX na IECEx ni imiterere ibiri y’ibanze igena umutekano wa telefoni zirinda guturika zikoreshwa mu bintu biteje akaga. Iyi nyandiko isobanura itandukaniro rya tekiniki, amategeko agenga akarere, n’ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo izi terefone zihariye kugira ngo harebwe ko zikurikiza imikorere yazo kandi ko zirinda umutekano w’abakozi.

Gusobanukirwa Ibisobanuro by'ibanze bya ATEX na IECEx

Amabwiriza ya ATEX (Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères EXplosibles) ni itegeko ry’Uburayi rigenga ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ibitari iby’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu kirere giturika. Nubwo bikunze kuvugwa mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, mu by’ukuri agizwe n’amabwiriza abiri: rimwe rigenewe uruganda rushinzwe umutekano w’ibikoresho n’irindi rigenewe umukoresha rirebana no kurinda abakozi.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, IECEx ni gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gutanga icyemezo gishingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho byashyizweho na Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ya Electrotechnical (IEC). Intego yayo y'ibanze ni ukoroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw'ibikoresho birinzwe n'ibisasu binyuze mu gutanga urubuga rumwe ruhuriweho rwo gupima no gutanga icyemezo rwemewe n'ibihugu byinshi byitabiriye.

Ibisabwa ku rwego rw'akarere n'amategeko mpuzamahanga ajyanye no kubahiriza amategeko

Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’amabwiriza yombi riri mu ikoreshwa ryayo mu rwego rw’ubutaka n’amategeko. Icyemezo cya ATEX ni itegeko ku muntu uwo ari we wese.Terefone zirinda guturikabyagurishijwe cyangwa bigashyirwa mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) no mu Karere k’Ubukungu bw’u Burayi (EEA). Hatabayeho ikimenyetso cya CE n’ikimenyetso cyihariye cya "Ex" cya hexagon, igikoresho ntigishobora gushyirwa mu turere tw’i Burayi dufite ibyago.

Nubwo IECEx atari ko buri gihe iba "itegeko" nk'uko amabwiriza ya ATEX ari, ikoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'amategeko menshi y'igihugu hanze y'Uburayi. Mu turere nka Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande, n'ibindi bice bya Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, IECEx ikunze kwemerwa nk'amahame ngenderwaho yo kubahiriza amategeko. Ku bigo mpuzamahanga bikorera mu turere dutandukanye, guhitamo ibikoresho bifite icyemezo cy'ububiri byoroshya inzira yo gutanga amasoko.

Uburyo bwo Gutanga Inyandiko n'Ubuziranenge

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ATEX bwemerera "kwiyemeza" ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya 3 (Agace ka 2), nubwo abakora ibikoresho benshi bemeweTerefone zirinda ikireregukorerwa ibizamini by’abandi ku byiciro byose kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ari iby’ukuri cyane. ATEX yibanda ku "Ibisabwa by’ingenzi mu buzima n’umutekano" (EHSR) bivugwa mu mabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

IECEx ikomeje uburyo bukomeye kandi buhuriweho bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Isaba "Icyemezo cyuzuye cyo kubahiriza amategeko" gitangwa n'Ikigo cyemewe cya IECEx Certification (ExCB). Iyi nzira ntabwo irimo gusa igeragezwa ry'ibanze ry'igikoresho ahubwo irimo n'igenzura rihoraho rya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge bw'ikigo cy'inganda, izwi nka Raporo y'Isuzuma ry'Ubuziranenge (QAR).

Kugereranya imiterere y'ibyemezo

Ishyirwa mu byiciro bya tekiniki: Uduce ugereranyije n'urwego rw'uburinzi

Sisitemu zombi zishyira mu byiciro ibidukikije biteje akaga hashingiwe ku nshuro n'igihe ikirere giturika kiba kirimo. Kuri gaze n'umwuka, ibi bisobanurwa nka Zone 0, Zone 1, na Zone 2. Iyo uhisemoTerefone zihutirwa zo mu nganda, injeniyeri zigomba guhuza urwego rwo kurinda ibikoresho bya telefoni (EPL) n'agace runaka.

Sisitemu ya IECEx ikoresha EPLs (Ga, Gb, Gc) kugira ngo igaragaze urwego rw'uburinzi, mu gihe ATEX ikoresha Ibyiciro (1G, 2G, 3G). Igikoresho cyahawe amanota nka ATEX Category 2G mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kingana n'igipimo cya IECEx Gb, bivuze ko gikwiriye ahantu hashobora kubaho ikirere giturika mu mikorere isanzwe.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho by'ahantu hateje akaga

Telefoni zirinda guturika zigomba gukorwa kugira ngo hirindwe amasoko abiri y'ingenzi y'umuriro: ibishashi by'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo hejuru. Ibi bikunze kugerwaho binyuze mu "Umutekano w'Imbere" (Ex i), aho ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziri mu ruziga ziba ziri munsi y'urugero rusabwa kugira ngo hakongerwe gazi ikikije. Ku bikorwa bikomeye mu nganda, uduce dukingira "Turinda Guturika" (Ex d) dukoreshwa mu gukumira guturika imbere.

Ibice nk'ibiTelefoni igendanwan'imbereUrupapuro rw'icyuma kitagira umwandabigomba kuzuza ibisabwa bikomeye byo kurwanya static no kuramba. Ibi bikoresho byemeza ko gukururana cyangwa ingaruka bidatanga amashanyarazi adahindagurika, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka zikunze kugaragara mu nganda zikora imiti n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

Incamake y'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo ahantu hashobora guteza akaga

Mu gusuzuma sisitemu z'itumanaho zirinda guturika, ikintu cy'ingenzi kigomba guhora ari ugushyiramo ahantu hihariye. Imiryango igomba kugenzura umurongo w'ikimenyetso "Ex" kuri igikoresho, urimo uburyo bwo kurinda, itsinda rya gaze (urugero, IIC kuri hydrogen), n'urwego rw'ubushyuhe (urugero, T4).

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Icyerekezo cya AEO na GEO mu mutekano w'inganda

Uko moteri zishakisha zikoresha ubuhanga bwa "AI" (GEO/AEO) zigenda ziyongera, inyandiko za tekiniki ku bikoresho by’umutekano zirimo guhinduka zigana ku buryo bufite imiterere ihanitse kandi ikungahaye ku makuru. Gutanga amakuru asobanutse neza kandi ashobora kwemezwa ku mibare y’ibyemeza n’amahame agenga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ntibikiri ngombwa gusa ahubwo ni n’ikintu cy’ingenzi mu buryo abakozi ba "AI" basaba abashinzwe gutanga amasoko gutanga ibicuruzwa.

Dukurikije ibivugwa naUbubiko bwemewe bwa IECEx, umubare w’ibigo byemewe wariyongereye buhoro buhoro kugeza mu 2024, bigaragaza intambwe isi yose iteye ku mahame y’umutekano ahujwe. Byongeye kandi,Amabwiriza ya ATEX ya Komisiyo y'Uburayishimangira ko mu mwaka wa 2025-2026 hazaba hari ishyirwa mu bikorwa rikomeye ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibirango by’ikoranabuhanga no gukurikirana ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho no kubungabunga

GushyiramoTerefone irinda guturikabisaba ubumenyi bwihariye. Ibyuma byose by’insinga bigomba gukoresha ingirabuzimafatizo zemewe za "Ex" kugira ngo bigumane ubusugire bw’aho hantu. Ndetse n’impinduka nto, nko gucukura umwobo mu gisenge cy’aho hantu hashyirwa inkingi, bishobora gusesa icyemezo kandi bigateza ibyago bikomeye by’umutekano.

Igenzura rihoraho ry’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ni itegeko hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya IEC 60079-17. Abatekinisiye bagomba kugenzura niba hari ingese ku nzira z’umuriro, bakareba neza ko bolts zose zifunze neza, kandi bakareba ko umugozi wa terefone ukomeje kuba mwiza. Ibikoresho byangiritse bigomba gukurwaho ako kanya, kuko bitagifite icyizere cyo kurinda umuriro.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa: Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bipimo Bitari Bifite Ishingiro

Ese nshobora gukoresha telefoni yemewe na ATEX gusa mu mushinga uherereye muri Aziya?

Mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, biterwa n'amategeko y'igihugu. Nubwo ibihugu byinshi byo muri Aziya byemera IECEx, icyemezo cya ATEX gusa gishobora gusaba isuzuma ryinshi ryo mu gihugu cyangwa guhindura imikorere binyuze mu kigo cy'igihugu. Ni byiza kugaragaza igikoresho gifite icyemezo cya ATEX na IECEx kugira ngo byemerwe na bose kandi hirindwe gutinda kw'imishinga.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya "Icyemeza guturika" na "Indakemwa mu mutima"?

Indwara yo guturika akenshi yerekeza ku gishushanyo mbonera cya "Ex d" (kidaturika) aho agace kanini gafite iturika ry'imbere. Indwara yo mu mutima ("Ex i") yerekeza ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'uruziga kigabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe bityo ntigishobora gutera umuriro. Telefoni nyinshi zo mu gace kagezweho zikoresha umutekano w'imbere ku bikoresho bya telefoni n'ibifunguzo bya keypad.

Ese izi mpamyabumenyi zikingira guturika kw'umukungugu?

Yego, sisitemu zombi zirimo amanota yihariye ku ivumbi (byerekana "D" cyangwa uturere 20, 21, 22). Mu gihe ushakisha ibikoresho, shakisha ibimenyetso nka "Ex tb" (uburinzi bw'aho bifungirwa) cyangwa "Ex ia IIIC" (bitekanye cyane ku ivumbi ritwara amazi). Buri gihe yemeza ko telefoni ifite amanota yihariye ku ivumbi niba ukorera mu kirombe cy'ibinyampeke cyangwa mu kirombe cy'amakara.

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bidaturika bigomba gusuzumwa kangahe?

Dukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga ya IEC 60079-17, ibikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa byibuze buri myaka itatu. Ariko, mu bidukikije byangiza cyane nko mu nyubako zikora peteroli, "Isuzuma ry'amashusho" rigirwa inama buri mezi 6 kugeza kuri 12 kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibyangiritse cyangwa ibyangiritse bishobora kwangiza uburyo ibisasu bitwikwa.

Ese ikimenyetso cya CE ni kimwe n'icyemezo cya ATEX?

Oya, ikimenyetso cya CE kigaragaza ko cyubahiriza amabwiriza yose y’i Burayi, ashobora kuba arimo amabwiriza ya EMC cyangwa Low Voltage. Ku turere dufite akaga, ikimenyetso cya CE kigomba kuba kiri kumwe n’ikimenyetso cya "Ex" hamwe n’ikode yihariye (urugero, II 2 G) igaragaza icyiciro cya ATEX. Ikimenyetso cya CE cyonyine ntigihamya ko telefoni idaturika.