Aho Guhamagara mu Buryo bw'Ingoboka: Igice cy'ingenzi mu bikorwa remezo by'umutekano mu mihanda minini n'imihanda yo mu bwoko bwa Tunnel

Imihanda minini n'imihanda yo mu mazi bitera ibyago. Impanuka, kwangirika kw'imodoka, n'ibindi bibazo byihutirwa bishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye. Iyo uburyo busanzwe bwo gutumanaho bunaniwe, sitasiyo yo guhamagara iy'ubutabazi bwihuse ikora nk'inzira y'ingenzi. Izi sitasiyo zemeza ko abantu bashobora gusaba ubufasha vuba. Gusobanukirwa uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa sitasiyo zo guhamagara iy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho ni ingenzi cyane.Terefone y'ubutabazi yo hanze ifite Intercom ya SIP idafite amaboko-JWAT416P Terefone y'ubutabazi yo hanze ifite Intercom ya SIP idafite amaboko-JWAT416P Terefone y'ubutabazi yo hanze ifite Intercom ya SIP idafite amaboko-JWAT416P Terefone y'ubutabazi yo hanze ifite Intercom ya SIP idafite amaboko-JWAT416P Terefone y'ubutabazi yo hanze ifite Intercom ya SIP idafite amaboko-JWAT416P Terefone y'ubutabazi yo hanze ifite Intercom ya SIP idafite amaboko-JWAT416Pitanga itumanaho ryizewe. Mu buryo nk'ubwo,Telefoni y'ubutabazi rusange yo guhamagara kuri sitasiyo za polisiitanga uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhuza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Aho guhamagara abantu batabariza mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwani ingenzi cyane ku mutekano mu mihanda minini no mu tuneli. Bifasha abantu kubona ubufasha vuba iyo izindi telefoni zidakora.
• Sisitemu za kera zihutirwa zakoreshaga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ubufasha. Sisitemu nshya zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka fiber optique na sensors zigezweho kugira ngo zibone ibibazo vuba.
• Sisitemu zigezweho z’ubutabazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya. Ibi birimo telefoni zigendanwa, ibikoresho bikomeye byo kugenzura, n’insinga za fiber optique kugira ngo itumanaho rirusheho kwizewe.
• Ibisisitemu zihutirwagukorana n'ibigo by'imodoka. Bizigama amafaranga kandi bishobora gukoreshwa ahantu henshi, atari mu mihanda gusa.
• Sisitemu z’ubutabazi bw’ibanze mu gihe kizaza zizaba nziza kurushaho. Bazakoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya nka AI na 5G kugira ngo bahanure ibibazo kandi barusheho kubikemura neza.

Imiterere y'Itumanaho ry'Ibyihutirwa Ihindagurika

Sisitemu z'itumanaho ryihutirwa zahindutse cyane. Zavuye ku buryo bw'ibanze zijya ku miyoboro ya elegitoroniki igezweho. Iri hinduka rigaragaza imbaraga zihoraho zo kunoza igihe cy'umutekano n'ubutabazi.

Sisitemu gakondo zo gufasha mu bihe byihutirwa

Mu mateka, itumanaho ryihutirwa ryashingiraga ku buryo bworoshye kandi butaziguye. Sisitemu zo mu ntangiriro muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari zirimo inzogera z'urusengero n'intumwa ku mafarashi kugira ngo ziburire abaturage. Uko ikoranabuhanga ryagendaga ritera imbere, telegrafi yatanze uburyo bwo gutumanaho buhita bukoreshwa. Nyuma, itumanaho rya radiyo, terefone, n'amajwi byahindutse ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutanga amakuru yihutirwa. Ubufasha bwo ku muhanda nabwo bwabonye iterambere ryabwo. Udusanduku two guhamagara mu gihe cy'impanuka ku mihanda minini yo muri Amerika twemereraga koroshya itumanaho. Abatwara imodoka bashoboraga gukanda amahitamo afite ibara: ubururu ku mpanuka cyangwa mu bihe byihutirwa, icyatsi kibisi ku modoka zangiritse, umukara ku bigega bya lisansi cyangwa amapine yacitse, n'umuhondo mu guhagarika ubusabe. Izi sisitemu zisanzwe zashyizeho urufatiro rw'ibigezweho.Aho gutabara mu gihe cy'ibizaibisubizo.

Izamuka rya eCall n'imbogamizi zaryo

Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi washyizeho sisitemu ya eCall kugira ngo urusheho kunoza umutekano wo mu muhanda. Iri tegeko ryatumye eCall iba itegeko ku bwoko bushya bw’imodoka. Yatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 31 Werurwe 2018. Ubwoko bwose bw’imodoka nshya bwashyizwe ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kuva icyo gihe bugomba kuba bufite eCall. Ibi byatumye ikoreshwa ryihuse. Mu 2023, imodoka nshya zirenga 90% zagurishijwe muri EU zari zifite sisitemu ya eCall. Ibi byagaragaje ko hiyongereyeho cyane ugereranyije na 50% mu 2020. Mu Budage, ikigo gikomeye mu ruganda rw’imodoka muri EU, imodoka zirenga 96% by’imodoka nshya zanditswe mu 2024 zari zifite sisitemu ya eCall ikurikije amategeko. Ibi bigaragaza ko hari igipimo kinini cy’ikoreshwa ry’imodoka mu nganda zo mu gace.

Nubwo ikoreshwa cyane, eCall yashyize ahagaragara imbogamizi. Iyi sisitemu ikoresha itumanaho rya 2G/3G rikoresha circuit-switched. Ibi bishobora guhura n'imbogamizi mu gukomeza kwegeranya amakuru, cyane cyane mu nzira zo mu muhanda. Abakora itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa (MNOs) ntibategetswe kumenyesha amasosiyete akora umuhanda ku bibazo, kuvugurura, cyangwa kubungabunga inyubako zabo. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwizewe bwa serivisi ya eCall mu nzira zo mu muhanda. Kugira ngo serivisi ya 2G/3G/4G ikomeze kwegeranya amakuru mu nzira zo mu muhanda bisaba ibikorwa remezo bikwiye byo kugenzura. Ibi bigaragaza imbogamizi iriho mu kwemeza ko serivisi zizewe muri izi nzego z'ingenzi.

Gukemura Icyuho mu Itumanaho mu Miterere y'Itumanaho rya kera

Sisitemu zigezweho zo gutabara mu bihe byihutirwa zikunze kugira icyuho gikomeye mu itumanaho. Inzitizi z'ibikorwa remezo zirakunze kubaho. Imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa iminara ya radiyo ishobora kuremererwa cyane, kwangirika, cyangwa kudashobora gukora mu gihe cy'ibikorwa binini. Ibi bituma habaho kwangirika mu mikoranire. Porogaramu z'itumanaho zidahuye nazo zitera imbogamizi. Inzego zitandukanye z'ubutabazi, nka abazimya umuriro, polisi, abaganga b'indwara zidasanzwe, n'abashinzwe gucunga ibiza, akenshi zikora ku buryo budahuye. Ibi bibangamira gusangira amakuru mu buryo nyabwo no gufata ibyemezo mu buryo buhuriweho.

Byongeye kandi, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga amakuru akenshi bukunze kuba rusange kandi ntibube bwihariye. Budafite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubutumwa bushingiye ku gace, ibyo umuntu akeneye, cyangwa ubwoko bw'ibyago. Ibi bishobora gutera urujijo, ubwoba, cyangwa kutubahiriza amategeko. Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru no kutagira amakuru akoreshwa mu gihe nyacyo nabyo bigabanya ubumenyi ku bantu ba mbere mu gihe cy'ubutabazi. Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru bukora mu buryo bwihariye, butanga amakuru adafite aho ahuriye n'igihe cyangwa ashaje. Amaherezo, uburyo bwinshi bwo gutanga ubufasha mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa burakora. Bushingira ku raporo z'ababonye cyangwa guhamagara abahuye n'ibibazo, ibyo bikaba ari byo bituma habaho gutinda gukomeye mu gihe cyo gutanga ubufasha.

Kuvugurura izi sisitemu za kera bisaba uburyo bwo gushyiraho ingamba. Imwe mu ngamba nziza irimo gutegura neza uburyo amakuru asanzwe yimurirwa mu buryo bugezweho. Ibi birimo gusuzuma aho aherereye, kumenya amakuru y'ingenzi, no gushyira imbere imirimo. Ibikoresho n'uburyo bukomeye byoroshya uburyo amakuru yimurirwa mu buryo bugezweho no kugabanya ibyago. Gusukura no kwemeza amakuru bikosora neza ibitagenda neza. Gukurikirana buri gihe bikemura ibibazo vuba. Guhuza na sisitemu zisanzwe n'imikorere nabyo ni ingenzi. Kumenya ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhuza no gusobanukirwa ibisabwa mu guhanahana amakuru birafasha. Gusobanura amahame agenga imikoranire bitanga itumanaho ryiza. Ibisubizo bya Middleware na API byoroshya guhanahana amakuru. Imiterere ishingiye kuri serivisi (SOA) cyangwa serivisi ntoya zishobora kongera ubworoherane no kwaguka.

Gahunda z’amahugurwa yuzuye n’inzira zisobanutse z’itumanaho ni ingenzi mu gucunga impinduka. Bituma abakoresha bamenya amakuru, bagakemura ibibazo, kandi bagasaba ibitekerezo. Guteza imbere umuco wo gukorana bitera itumanaho ryimbitse. Itumanaho ry’imiyoboro myinshi, rihuza urubuga rutandukanye, rituma habaho uburyo bwo kugera ku bantu benshi mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Guhuza ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’imashini bituma habaho ibisubizo byikora no gusesengura amakuru mbere y’igihe. Serivisi zo guhuza IoT zitanga amakuru y’igihe nyacyo aturutse ku byuma bipima amakuru n’ibitangaza, bikongera ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’imimerere. Ibisubizo byihariye bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya no kwaguka ugereranije n’amahitamo asanzwe. Biroroshya guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, bigakemura ibisabwa mu nganda, kandi bigashimangira ko amategeko yubahirizwa. Gukoresha serivisi zo guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu bicu bihamya ko sisitemu yizewe kandi ko ishobora kugerwaho mu gihe cy’ibikorwa by’ingenzi.

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ku bisubizo by'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Ibikorwa remezo bigezweho birushaho kwishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo kwirinda no guhangana n’ibibazo. Ubu bushya buhindura uburyo abantu bavugana mu gihe cy’impanuka, bigatuma sisitemu zirushaho kuboneka, zikora neza kandi zizewe.

Guhuza terefone zigendanwa kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwo kuzigeraho

Telefoni zigendanwa zarahindutse ahantu hose, zitanga urubuga rukomeye rwo kunoza itumanaho ryihutirwa. Guhuza ubushobozi bwa telefoni zigendanwa muri sisitemu zihutirwa biha abakoresha uburyo bwo kubona ubufasha bwihuse. Abantu bashobora gukoresha porogaramu cyangwa interineti zabugenewe kugira ngo batange raporo ku byabaye, basangize aho baherereye, kandi bahabwe amakuru y'ingenzi. Uku guhuza kwagura cyane uburyo bwo kugera kuriAho gutabara mu gihe cy'ibizasisitemu.

Ariko, gushyira ibikoresho by’umuntu ku giti cye muri sisitemu z’itumanaho ryihutirwa bisaba gusuzuma neza umutekano n’ubuzima bwite bw’amakuru. Inzego z’amategeko ziyobora ibi. Urugero, HIPAA itegeka uburinzi bukomeye ku makuru y’abarwayi mu nzego z’ubuvuzi, isaba uburyo bwo gushishoza no kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyageraho. FERPA irinda ubuzima bwite bw’inyandiko z’abanyeshuri mu burezi, isaba sisitemu zizewe zibuza abantu kubona amakuru y’abanyeshuri. Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, GDPR ishyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ku itunganywa ry’amakuru y’umuntu ku giti cye, isaba ko habaho uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda amakuru nko gushishoza no kwemera gukoresha amakuru.

Imiryango ishyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ubuzima bwite n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Bahitamo ibisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga bifite imikorere ikomeye mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bwite, harimo no gufunga amakuru, kugenzura uburyo abantu bayageraho, n'inzira zo kugenzura. Amahugurwa ahoraho yigisha abakozi amabwiriza agenga ubuzima bwite n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'itumanaho. Uburyo bwo kugabanya amakuru butuma sisitemu zikusanya kandi zigasangira amakuru y'ingenzi gusa mu gihe cy'ibibazo. Gukorera mu mucyo abafatanyabikorwa ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'amakuru no kubona uburenganzira igihe bibaye ngombwa nabyo byubaka icyizere.

Gukurikirana Ibikorwaremezo no Gutahura ibyabaye

Ibikorwa remezo byo kugenzura bigezweho bigira uruhare runini mu gutahura impanuka vuba kandi neza. Izi sisitemu zikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya impanuka zishobora kubaho mu gihe nyacyo. Imashini zikoresha piezoelectric zimenya stress n'uburemere mu bikoresho, zigahindura stress ya mekanike mo amashanyarazi. Injeniyeri zikoresha izi mashini mu kugenzura ibiraro no mu mutekano w'urugomero. Imashini zikoresha fibre optique zitanga ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushyuhe, uburemere, no kwimuka. Zikora neza mu bidukikije birimo urusaku n'ubushyuhe, bigatuma ziba nziza ku nyubako nini nk'ibiraro n'imiyoboro y'amazi. Imashini zikoresha amajwi zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya mbere by'uko ibikoresho byangiritse mu kumva imiraba y'uburemere bukabije. Zitanga ubumenyi ku miterere y'imbere ya sima n'icyuma, zikamenya ibyangiritse mu miyoboro y'umuvuduko, imiyoboro, ibiraro, cyangwa ingomero. Imashini zikoresha amajwi zigenzura ingese n'iyangirika ry'inyubako z'icyuma zipima impinduka mu miterere ya electromagnetic. Zimenya ingese muri sima ikomeye n'icyuma.

Sisitemu zo Gutahura Umuyoboro w'Inzira zo mu Muhanda(HTDS) zigaragaza ibisubizo byihariye byagenewe ibidukikije byo mu miyoboro y'amazi. Izi sisitemu zirimo ibikoresho byo kumenya umwotsi, inkongi, na gaze biva, kamera zo kugenzura ibinyabiziga, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya ibinyabiziga. HTDS igamije kongera umutekano binyuze mu kuburira abantu hakiri kare, gutabara vuba, no gukumira impanuka. Binagira uruhare mu gucunga urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka, kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, no gukoresha neza imiyoboro y'amazi muri rusange. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rikubiyemo gushyiraho ibikoresho bya mudasobwa na porogaramu, hamwe n'ibikoresho bihuza n'ibigo bigenzura amakuru mu buryo bwihuse. Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'imashini kugira ngo zimenye ibintu bitagenda neza kandi zihanure ibibazo bishobora kubaho.

HTDS irushaho kunoza cyane uburyo bwo gutahura no guhangana n’impanuka. Imenya umwotsi cyangwa inkongi mu masegonda make, igatera impuruza no gutanga amakuru ku bashinzwe umutekano. Urugero, imiyoboro y’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor mu bwato bwa Singapuru ikoresha sisitemu zo guhumeka iyo ibonye. Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor bigezweho kandi bigenzura ubuziranenge bw’ubwo bwoko bw’amashanyarazi mu bwato kugira ngo hatabaho guhindagura, kwangirika, cyangwa kwinjira kw’amazi, mu gihe ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa gazi bigenzura ubuziranenge bw’umwuka. Urugero, utuyoboro tw’i Burayi dukoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura ubuzima bw’imiterere y’umubiri. Kamera zikoresha ubuhanga bwa AI zisesengura amashusho kugira ngo hamenyekane ibikorwa bikekwa cyangwa uburyo bwo kwinjira mu buryo butemewe, bikongera umutekano mu bikorwa remezo by’ingenzi nko kwambuka imipaka, nk’uko bigaragazwa na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikoresha AI mu Buyapani.

Sisitemu zo gutahura impanuka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zigaragaza ko hari uburyo bwo kumenya neza ibintu. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya impanuka:

Itumanaho rya Fiber Optic ku miyoboro yizewe y'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Itumanaho rya fibre optique ni ryo shingiro ry’imiyoboro y’ubutabazi yizewe. Izi nsinga zitanga inyungu zikomeye ugereranyije n’imiyoboro gakondo y’umuringa cyangwa iy’insinga, zituma amakuru akwirakwira kandi yihuta cyane. Insinga za fibre optique zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi, umutekano, no kuramba, bigatuma ziba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho.

Imiyoboro ya Passive Optical (PONs), ikoresha fibre optique, ihendutse kuyishyiramo no kuyibungabunga ugereranije n'imiyoboro gakondo y'umuringa. Itanga umuyoboro munini w'amashanyarazi, ukaba ari ingenzi kuri porogaramu nka videwo zituruka kuri kamera zigenzura. PONs nazo zitanga icyizere kurusha imiyoboro y'umuringa kuko zidahura n'ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi.

Fiber optique itanga umurambararo munini cyane kurusha umuringa, ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa bikoresha amakuru menshi. Bitandukanye n'umuringa, uhura n'igihombo cy'amakuru kirenze metero 100, fibre yohereza amakuru mu birometero byinshi nta kwangirika gukomeye. Fiber kandi irwanya interference ya electromagnetic (EMI), interference ya radio frequency (RFI), n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe, bigatuma umuntu yizera cyane. Umutekano wongerewe ni indi nyungu y'ingenzi; insinga za fibre ziragoye kuzikoresha utazibonye, ​​bikongera umutekano w'amakuru y'ingenzi. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya fibre itanga ubushobozi bwo kurinda ejo hazaza, ishyigikira ikoranabuhanga rishya nka 5G na AI, kandi igatanga igisubizo cy'igihe kirekire ku bikenewe mu miyoboro ya bandwidth.

Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zigezweho zo gufasha mu bihe byihutirwa

Ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bisaba gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo by’itumanaho ryihutirwa mu buryo bufatika kandi bunoze. Izi gahunda zigomba guhuzwa neza n’uburyo busanzweho, zigatanga ibyiza bisobanutse neza, kandi zigahuza n’ibidukikije bitandukanye.

Guhuza neza n'ibigo bicunga ibinyabiziga

Guhuza sisitemu z'itumanaho ryihutirwa n'ibigo bicunga umutekano w'imodoka (TMCs) ni ingenzi cyane mu guhangana n'impanuka. Uku guhuza ibikorwa bikubiyemo imbaraga za tekiniki n'iz'inzego. Ibigo bikunze gushyiraho amasezerano hagati y'ibigo ku rwego rw'ubuyobozi, nk'uko bigaragara muri Houston TranStar na Austin CTECC, kugira ngo hashyirweho ubufatanye no gusangira amakuru. Mu by'ukuri, ibigo bya TMC bibona amakuru y'ubutabazi binyuze mu miyoboro cyangwa amashami yihariye. Urugero, ibigo bikoresha amahame yemewe na benshi nka Komite y'Igihugu ya Televiziyo (NTSC) na Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) mu guhanahana amashusho. Amakuru y'ikoranabuhanga ku bijyanye n'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'impanuka ashingiye ku mahame yo gutunganya no guhuza amakuru nka Ethernet, Ururimi rw'Ibaza ry'Umutungo (SQL), na Extensible Markup Language (XML). Ibi bituma habaho guhanahana amakuru byihuse kandi mu buryo buboneye hagati ya sisitemu zitandukanye zishingiye kuri mudasobwa. Gushyikirana buri gihe hagati y'ibigo mu gihe cy'impanuka zo mu gace runaka nabyo bitera imbere mu mikoranire ikomeye, binoza imikoranire mu mikorere.

Uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi n'inyungu mu mikorere

Sisitemu zigezweho zo gufasha mu bihe byihutirwa zitanga inyungu zikomeye mu gukoresha ikiguzi no mu mikorere. Mu koroshya uburyo bwo gutumanaho no gutanga ubufasha, izi sisitemu zigabanya igihe n'umutungo bikenewe mu gucunga impanuka. Gutahura no gutabara vuba bigabanya ibyangiritse, imvune, n'ihungabana ry'imodoka, bigatuma habaho kuzigama amafaranga menshi. Urugero, sisitemu zo gutahura impanuka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n'umuvuduko wazo wo hejuru, bituma serivisi z'ubutabazi zitangwa vuba. Ubu buryo butuma ikiguzi cyo gukora ku bayobozi b'imihanda minini n'imiyoboro y'amazi kigabanuka. Byongeye kandi, kuba imiyoboro ya fiber optique ikora neza bigabanya ibyo ikenera mu kubungabunga ugereranije na sisitemu zisanzwe z'umuringa, bigatuma amafaranga agabanuka mu gihe kirekire.

Ikoreshwa ryagutse rirenze imihanda minini n'imihanda ya Tunnel

Ingufu z'itumanaho rigezweho ry’ubutabazi zirenze imihanda minini n'inzira z'ubutabazi. Izi sisitemu zikomeye zikoreshwa cyane mu bintu bitandukanye bigoye. Ahantu nk'inganda nka peteroli na gazi, gari ya moshi, n'amato yo mu mazi yungukira mu itumanaho ryizewe mu bihe biteje akaga. Ahantu rusange nko mu bitaro, amashuri, na za gereza na ho hakenera itumanaho ryihuse kandi ritekanye. Urugero, sisitemu yo gufasha mu bihe byihutirwa ishobora gutanga ihuriro ry'ingenzi mu kigo kinini cy'ibitaro cyangwa mu nyubako y'ishuri iri kure. Urugero, Joiwo atanga sisitemu z'itumanaho zihuriweho kuri izi nzego zitandukanye, harimo telefoni z'inganda, telefoni zirinda guturika, na telefoni zirinda ikirere, zirinda umutekano mu bikorwa remezo byinshi by'ingenzi.

Gushushanya no Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa remezo bikomeye by'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Gutabara mu buryo bwihutirwa bishingira ku bikorwa remezo byateguwe neza kandi byashyizwe mu bikorwa mu buryo bw’ingamba. Abategura igenamigambi bagomba gusuzuma ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo barebe ko izi gahunda zikora neza igihe bikenewe cyane. Ibi bisaba gutegura neza kuva ku igenamigambi rya mbere kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya nyuma.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu gushyiraho no gushushanya sisitemu

Gushyiraho sisitemu yo gufasha mu bihe byihutirwa ni ingenzi cyane. Injeniyeri zishyira izi sitasiyo mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo zigaragare neza kandi zigerweho neza. Batekereza ku bintu nk'urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka, ahantu hatagira impanuka, n'aho abanyamaguru binjirira. Kuboneka k'amashanyarazi no guhuza umuyoboro w'itumanaho nabyo bigena ahantu heza ho gukorera. Abashushanya bareba neza ibimenyetso bisobanutse neza n'aho abakoresha bashobora kugera. Banavuga ku mbogamizi zishobora kubaho n'imiterere y'ibidukikije. Intego ni ukugira ngo sisitemu yorohere kuyisanga no kuyikoresha mu gihe cy'ibibazo bikomeye.

Kwemeza ko ibintu biramba kandi byizerwa mu bidukikije bikomeye

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho ryihutirwa bigomba kwihanganira imimerere igoye cyane. Abakora ibikoresho bakoreshaibikoresho bikomeyenk'icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu byuma bikonjesha. Ibi bikoresho birwanya ingese, ingaruka, no kwangiza. Ibicuruzwa akenshi bifite amanota menshi ya IP, nka IP67, bigaragaza ko birinda ivumbi n'amazi kwinjira. Ibi bituma bikora neza mu gihe cy'imvura, urubura, n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho kandi byihanganira ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, kuva ku bukonje bukabije kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Uku kwiyemeza kuramba kwemeza ko bikora neza mu mihanda, imihanda minini, no mu nganda.

Ibisubizo by'Uburyo Buhuriweho bwo Kubungabunga Umutekano Usesuye

Sisitemu zigezweho z’ubutabazi ntizikora ukwazo. Zikorana n’imiyoboro migari y’umutekano n’itumanaho. Ibi birimo guhuza n’ibigo bicunga umutekano w’imodoka, sisitemu zo gutabaza abantu bose, na kamera zo kugenzura. Ubwo buryo bwo guhuza butuma habaho uburyo bwo guhuriza hamwe ibikorwa. Urugero, ahantu hakora ubufasha hashobora gutuma kamera zegereye n’abashinzwe kugenzura ibyumba byo kumenyesha. Ubu buryo burambuye bwongera ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’imimerere kandi bukihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubutabazi bw’ibanze. Joiwo itanga serivisi zihuriweho ku buryo bw’itumanaho mu nganda, igenzura imikorere myiza mu bikorwa remezo bitandukanye by’ingenzi.

Ejo hazaza h'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubutabazi bwihutirwa

Ikoranabuhanga rya Emergency Help Point rikomeje iterambere ryaryo ryihuse. Udushya twibanda kuri sisitemu zihuse, z’ubwenge, kandi zihujwe cyane. Izi ntambwe zisezeranya kongera ubushobozi bw’umutekano n’ubutabazi ku buryo bugaragara.

Udushya duhoraho muri sisitemu y'itumanaho

Sisitemu z'itumanaho ku hantu ho gutabara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihuse zikomeje gutera imbere. Ikoranabuhanga rishya rigamije gutanga itumanaho rikomeye kandi rinoze. Harimo:

• Sisitemu zo kohereza amakuru zifashijwe na mudasobwa (CAD) zigezweho: Izi sisitemu zisangira amakuru mu buryo bufatika kandi zigakurikirana aho amakuru aherereye hakoreshejwe GPS. Zikora porogaramu zigatanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku bashinzwe gusubiza ibibazo.
• Indege zitagira abapilote n'uturemangingo duto: Indege zitagira abapilote zifite ikoranabuhanga ry'uturemangingo duto zishobora gukoresha vuba imiyoboro y'itumanaho mu turere tw'ibiza. Zitanga kandi isuzuma ry'uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe nyacyo.
• Ukuri kwa Virtual (VR) mu mahugurwa no kwitegura: VR ikora uburyo bwo guhugura abashinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibi byongera ubumenyi mu gufata ibyemezo mu bihe bikomeye.
• Imikoranire n'Imiyoboro ya Mesh: Imiyoboro ishingiye kuri IP n'imiyoboro ya mesh byemerera itumanaho ritagoranye no gusangira amakuru hagati y'inzego zitandukanye. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane iyo ibikorwa remezo bisanzwe byangiritse.
• Ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni zigendanwa: Telefoni zigendanwa na porogaramu zo guhangana n'ibiza zituma habaho guhuza ibikorwa mu buryo butunguranye no gukurikirana umutungo. Nanone zihita zitanga ubutumwa bwihutirwa.
• Ubwenge bw'ubukorano (AI): Ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu bukoresha uburyo buhanitse bwo gusesengura ibintu mu gihe cy'ibiza kugira ngo bumenye uko bizagenda. Bushyira imbere guhamagara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa kandi bugatanga serivisi zo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse.
• Sisitemu z'amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'isi (GIS): GIS ifata amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'isi kugira ngo ikurikirane kandi ihanure ibiza. Ibi bifasha mu kunoza igenamigambi ry'umutungo n'umutungo.
• Imiyoboro ya 5G: 5G itanga umuvuduko wihuse w'itumanaho n'uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru bwizewe. Itanga serivisi nziza zo gushakira amakuru aho aherereye kandi igashyigikira amahugurwa ya AR/VR. Ibi byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibibazo mu itumanaho ryihutirwa.

Isesengura ry'igihe kizaza ku mutekano ukorwa mbere y'igihe

Isesengura ry’ibintu biteganyijwe rihindura uburyo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka kuva ku buryo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka kugeza ku buryo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka. Sisitemu zisesengura amakuru menshi kugira ngo zitegure ibintu bishobora kubaho. Zikusanya amakuru nka:

• Umubare w'imodoka zagize uruhare
• Uruhare rw'abanyamaguru
• Umubare w'abakomeretse/abapfuye
• Ubwoko bw'umuhanda
• Aho impanuka yabereye
• Itariki y'impanuka
• Ubwoko bw'aho bihurira
• Kuba hari agace k'akazi kari hafi aho
• Imiterere y'ikirere
• Imiterere y'ubutaka bw'umuhanda

Raporo z'impanuka za polisi zitanga amakuru y'ukuri n'ibipimo bya polisi. Ubushakashatsi ku gutwara ibinyabiziga mu buryo bw'umwimerere (NDS) bukurikirana mu buryo butaziguye imyitwarire y'abashoferi n'imimerere yabo. Aya makuru afasha kumenya ahantu hashobora gutera ibyago byinshi. Abayobozi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukumira. Ubu buryo bugabanya inshuro n'ubukana bw'impanuka.

Amahame Mpuzamahanga n'Imikoranire

Kugera ku bipimo ngenderwaho ku isi no gukorana neza ni ingenzi mu itumanaho ryihutirwa mu gihe kizaza. Amasezerano ngenderwaho asanzwe yemerera sisitemu zitandukanye n'ibigo gutumanaho mu buryo buboneye. Ibi bituma:

• Ubufatanye bunoze hagati y'inzego.
• Gucunga ibibazo byihutirwa mu buzima bwose (kwitegura, gutabara, gukira).
• Inkunga ku bikorwa bisanzwe by’ubucuruzi mu rwego rwo kwitegura ibibazo byihutirwa no mu bikorwa remezo by’ingenzi.
• Gufata ibyemezo bihujwe byihuse.
• Ibisubizo byarushijeho kuba byiza.

Izi nyungu zigaragaza akamaro k'uburyo rusange. Zituma habaho uburyo bwiza kandi buhuriweho bwo guhangana n'ibibazo byihutirwa ku isi yose.

Sitasiyo zo guhamagara abantu mu gihe cy'impanuka ntizishobora kuganirwaho ku mutekano wo mu muhanda ugezweho. Zitanga ubufasha bw'ingenzi iyoitumanaho risanzwebirananirana. Guhanga udushya duhoraho bishimangira akamaro n'imikorere y'izi sisitemu z'ingenzi. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, nka fibre optique n'isesengura ry'igihe ibintu bizagenda bihita, byongera ubushobozi bwazo. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza cy'uburyo bw'itumanaho ryihuta gitanga icyizere. Izi sisitemu zizatanga umutekano n'imikorere myiza kurushaho ku mihanda minini no mu nzira z'ubutaka.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe nshingano nyamukuru ya sitasiyo yo guhamagara abantu mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?

Ibigo byo guhamagara mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze bitanga itumanaho ry’ingenzi. Bituma abantu bashobora gusaba ubufasha vuba mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze. Ibi bibaho iyo uburyo busanzwe bwo gutumanaho, nka telefoni zigendanwa, butaboneka cyangwa bwananiwe.

Ese eCall igereranywa gute na sisitemu zisanzwe zo gufasha mu bihe byihutirwa?

eCall ihamagara serivisi zihutirwa mu buryo bwikora nyuma y’impanuka ikomeye. Yohereza amakuru y’aho iherereye. Sisitemu zisanzwe zisaba gukora intoki. Zihuza abakoresha n’umukoresha mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo baganire mu magambo.

Kuki itumanaho rya fiber optique ari ingenzi ku miyoboro y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze igezweho?

Itumanaho rya Fiber Optique ritanga umuvuduko mwinshi, umutekano, no kuramba. Rituma amakuru anyura kure nta kwangirika. Rinarwanya kandi amashanyarazi abangamira itumanaho. Ibi bituma habaho itumanaho ryizewe kandi rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ku buryo bwihutirwa.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibidukikije bungukira kuri sisitemu z'itumanaho za Joiwo?

Sisitemu z'itumanaho za JoiwoBikorera ahantu hatandukanye hasaba ubufasha. Harimo ibikoresho bya peteroli na gazi, imihanda minini, imihanda minini, gari ya moshi n'amato yo mu mazi. Binatanga ibisubizo ku bitaro, amashuri na za gereza.